Furen Iris: bayanin da nau'ikan, hoto

Irises ko, kamar yadda ake kira su da ƙauna, roostar ko kifi Whales, an san shi ga 'yan adam tun zamanin da kuma ana rarraba su ko'ina cikin duniya. Waɗannan furanni marasa ma'ana suna kama da orchids kuma suna iya samun launuka iri-iri, gami da launuka iri-iri na bakan gizo. Abin da ya sa aka ba da sunan ɗan itacen da sunan allahn Girka na bakan gizo, Iris. Daga furanni kuna samun bouquets masu girma (duba hoto), waɗanda ba su da kunya don gabatarwa azaman kyauta.

Iris alama ce ta bege da aminci, ƙauna ta abokantaka da kuma ɗabi'a. Ana samunsu kusan ko'inaKoyaya, wannan gaskiyar bata shafi kyakkyawa da shahararsu ba. Legends an haɗa su game da waɗannan furanni, an daukaka su zuwa matsayin alamomi kuma suna da kwarewa ta tsafi, kuma bakan gizo maza sun yi shiru kawai suna ba mu kyawunsu.

Nau'in irises: bayanin da hoto

Halin halittar iris ko iris ya ƙunshi nau'ikan 800. Mafi mashahuri a cikin ciyawa ana furannin furanni ne, waɗanda ake daraja su da launuka iri-iri da kuma wani sabon abu. A cikin bouquets suna da kyau sosai. A duniyar kimiyya, tsire-tsire suna da rarrabuwa mai rikitarwa, wanda ya kunshi matakai da yawa, amma ga mutum mai sassaucin ra'ayi, zabar yanke shawara lokacin zabar iri shine tsarin launi da tsari.

Gidajen cin abinci da ƙaramin ƙarami, kamar ba aryl-like, dwarf da ƙananan-flowered, tsaruwa da tsayi - yana da matukar wuya a fahimci duk ire-iren ire-iren wannan. Sabili da haka, zamu mayar da hankali kan gemu na beris, waɗanda suka sami babbar mashahuri tsakanin masu noman furanni, waɗanda kuma galibi ake gani a cikin bouquets.

• Tekun Baltic . Wani nau'in iris na Jamusawa tare da gemu mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi da furannin furanni masu ruwan sama.
• Opal na sarauta . Wannan wani nau'in tsire-tsire ne na gemu na Siberian tare da manyan fure (har zuwa 10 cm) furanni masu launin shuɗi; akwai fararen shinge a gefunan furannin. Peduncle babba, har zuwa 80 cm.
• Nuna sarauniya . Siberian hunturu-Hardy iri-iri tare da kodadde fari furanni, a gindi wanda akwai rawaya wuya.
• Solveig. Ra'ayin iris na kasar Japan tare da fure mai haske na furanni ko furanni shuɗi. Idan kuna da damar da za ku ba da shuka tare da ƙasa mai laushi koyaushe (a wata, wannan fure ba ta girma), to ya kamata ku kula da daskararren iris. Akwai ire-iren ire-iren Flore Pleno da Sarauniyar zinare ana amfani da karfi wajen jera keɓaɓɓun kofofin.

Idan kuna son makircin lambun ku don farantawa adon ta kyau a duk lokacin bazara, zaku iya siyan nau'ikan lokutan furanni daban-daban da tsayi. Kuma sannan farawa a tsakiyar Mayu, farkon nau'ikan zai fara yin fure a cikinku, sannu a hankali yana wucewa da baton zuwa ga matsakaitan lokutan matsakaici na farkon (ƙarshen Mayu - farkon Yuni). Duk cikin watan Yuni, lambun ku zai zama ado da sized na sized matsakaici. Kuma a ƙarshe, a farkon Yuli, tsire-tsire masu ƙarshen za su yi fure. Wato, zaku iya sha'awan waɗannan launuka na yau da kullun kusan duk lokacin rani.

A tsawo daga cikin flower stalk irises An kasu kashi biyu:

• tsayi. Suna girma sama da 0.7 m ba ga tsayi;
• matsakaiciyar tsayi (37-70 cm);
• wanda ba a saninsa ba (har zuwa 35 cm).

Duk irin nau'in iris da kuke kallo, tsire-tsire na fure zai yi ado kowane kusurwar lambun ku kuma ba zai kunyatar da ku ba.

Girma

Duk irises ba tare da togiya ba hoto ne, duk da haka, lokacin zabar iri-iri, ya kamata a kula da danganta su da laima. A kan kasa tare da danshi na al'ada, iris na Siberian yana girma sosai, akan fadama, ƙasa mai rigar kullun, nau'ikan kamar bristle, rawaya da Kempfer suna girma. A kan rijiya mai-drained kasa - sauran iri da kuma irin gemu irises.

Saukowa da irises ne da za'ayi a cikin bazara ko a fall. Don cin nasarar fure, suna buƙatar dasawa a kowace shekara 3-4Siberian irises - sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 10.

Siffofin dasa shuki berises

Gemu irises ana bambanta su da kyau kyakkyawa, amma a lokaci guda mafi capricious, kuma don mai kyau girma da furanni, kisa ake bukata da yawa yanayi:

• Ya kamata a dasa itaciyar a tsaunuka domin kada ruwan na narkewa ya mamaye tushen;
• Wajibi ne a samar da kariya daga abubuwan kirkirarwa da magudanar ruwa mai kyau;
• shafin da zai dasa shuki irin na iris ya kamata ya zama yana da kyau;
• yi amfani da takin mai magani da kuma phosphorus a matsayin kayan miya;
• kasar gona kafin dasa shuki dole ne a kula da ita ta hanyar kashe ciyayi;
• sabo taki kada a shigar dashi cikin gona kamar taki;
• yashi da peat yakamata a ƙara zuwa loam, ƙasa mai yumbu a cikin yashi, itace ash ko alli zuwa wurin acidic.

Kiwo

Irises suna haihuwar kowace shekara 4-5 ta rarrabe rhizomes a ƙarshen lokacin fure (ƙarshen Yuli-farkon watan Agusta). Wani yanki daga shekara biyu zuwa shekara biyu tare da sabuntawar toho da kuma kunshin da aka yanke da shi an rabu dashi daga mahaifar rhizome. Tushen mahaifa pre buƙatar yin ɗumi a cikin rana tsawon kwanaki 5-6. Dasa rarrabuwa ya zama na waje, yafa saman tare da murfin ƙasa. Don hunturu, matasa plantings an rufe da spruce rassan ko mulched da sawdust.

Furannin furanni masu launin shudi masu ƙarancin girma, da kuma nau'ikan furanni masu son bushe-bushe ana shuka su a cikin gaban masu baƙi da wuraren tonon dutse. Danshi-m iri, ba shakka, an fi sanya a kusa da jikin ruwa. Gashin baki da aka hada tare da lavender, coreopsis, jinsin zinar da aka daddale, geyhera da peonies sunada kyawawan launuka masu hade da gadajen fure.

Karin kwari da cututtuka

Wadannan kyawawan furanni masu ban mamaki da ban mamaki suna da adadin kwari mai yawa, don haka don magance yaƙin parasites, dole ne ku san hanyoyin ma'amala dasu.

• Scoops. A kwaro mai matukar insidious cin abinci na peduncles. A wannan yanayin, irises fara canza launin rawaya kuma ƙarshe mutu. Don magance kwari, ana amfani da karbofos sosai. An kula da shuka tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi sau biyu yayin kakar girma tare da hutun mako guda.
• Thrips. Wadannan kwari yawanci suna kai hari a lokacin bushewa. Gabatarwar furanni ya bushe, buds sun rasa launinsu da siffar kyakkyawarsu, akwai cin zarafin tsarin daukar hoto a cikin ganyayyaki. Sun saya launin ruwan kasa da bushe. Don halakar da thrips, zaka iya amfani da hanyar mutane, wanda shine kamar haka: sabulu kwalliya (40 g) akan grater kuma haɗa tare da shag (400 g), zuba ruwan tare da ruwa kuma bar shi yin kwana 10. Iri da kuma aiwatar da furanni tare da sakamakon bayani. Don dalilai iri ɗaya, ana iya amfani da kalbofos gwargwadon umarnin.
• A cercosporiasis da ascochitosis karkatarwa da kuma mutu na ganye an lura. Wannan na faruwa ne a lokacin tsiro na aiki. Daga baya, ganyayyaki sun sake girma, duk da haka, wannan yana shafar tsawon lokacin furanni da girman adadin ƙwaya. Ana iya taimakon tsire-tsire ta hanyar fesawa tare da bayani na 90% na oxychloride jan karfe (30 g na oxide / 10 l na ruwa).
• Bugu da kari, bushewa daga cikin buds na iya faruwa tare da shan kashi na irises matafila grinder. A wannan yanayin, maganin 20% na maganin kashe kwari zai taimaka: 2 ml na confidor an haɗe shi da ruwa (10 l).

An yi imani da cewa waɗannan tsire-tsire, ko da yake suna da abokan gaba da yawa, amma sosai tsayayya wa sakamakon su. Koyaya, don furanni don faranta maka rai tare da kyakkyawar kallon su, kar ka manta game da kulawar da ta dace dasu.