A kan mafi yawan filayen lambun, ana girbe raspberries yanzu a ɗayan wuraren wuraren girmamawa. Babban dalilin wannan shine sauki a cikin namo da kulawa. Ana yin gyaran iri iri da damuna, tunda yana kawo amfanin gona har zuwa ƙarshen kaka har zuwa lokacin sanyi. Labarin ya ba da cikakkun bayanai game da hanyoyin da ya dace da kulawa, hanyoyin haifuwa na remont raspberries.
Rasuwa ta al'ada tana fitar da abubuwa kusan sau biyu a shekara. Yawancin gyaran da za su gyara za su ba wa dangin sabbin furannin a duk lokacin bazara har zuwa ƙarshen kaka.
Babban mahimmancin ab advantagesbuwan amfãni daga gonar shuki shuki sun hada da:
- Za'a iya samun amfanin gona na farko a cikin shekarar shuka.
- Requirementsaramar bukatun kulawa.
- Babban yawan amfanin ƙasa.
- Resistance da lalacewa ta hanyar kwari da cututtukan fungal.
Yadda za a zabi nau'ikan raspberries na gyarawa?
Zabi na mafi kyau duka nau'in raspberries na gyaran jiki ya dogara da halayen yanayin yanayin kowane yanki na musamman. Wani nau'in zaɓi da aka zaɓa ba daidai ba zai haifar da rashin ɗaukar berries da ci gaba mara kyau na daji. Yawancin mazauna bazara suna fara dasa shuki iri-iri na remont raspberries lokaci guda don jin daɗin kyawawan berries duk kakar. Wadannan nau'in raspberries na kaka ana ɗauka mafi mashahuri a cikin lambu.
- Harshen Atlant - Anyi amfani dashi musamman don namo don masana'antu da sayarwa. An rarrabe shi ta hanyar yawan aiki mai girma, manyan berries, waɗanda ke jigilar kaya da adana su, tare da daji mai tsiro.
- Lu'u-lu'u - halin high fruiting, m bayyanar berries da za a iya girma sayarwa. Bushes na iya zama kayan kayan ado na gidan rani. Ba ya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Babban kulawa da wannan nau'in rasberi ana aiwatar dashi bayan ya bred. Kafin hunturu, an cire duk ɓangarorin iska na daji gaba ɗaya. Wannan nau'in remont raspberries ya dace da haɓaka da nisa daga ko'ina cikin Rasha. Za'a iya yin nasara cikin yankuna na yanayin zafi na Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Yanki, Yankin, da yankin arewacin Caucasus.
- Indar bazara - halin halaye masu girma na 'ya'yan itacen, duka a dandano da bayyanar. Mafi yawa daga cikin amfanin gona an kafa shi a kan matasa harbe girma a wannan kakar. Iri-iri an shayar da su daga magunan gida. Kamar nau'in lu'u-lu'u iri-iri, lokacin rani na Indiya ya fi dacewa a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Tsakiyar Black Duniya da Yankin Arewacin Caucasus.
- India lokacin rani 2 - An halin babban yawan amfanin ƙasa da kyakkyawan halayen iyawa. India bazara 2 ta fara bada farkon berries da farko, tana bada 'ya'ya sosai har zuwa ƙarshen kaka. Wannan iri-iri ne sosai tsayayya wa lalacewa ta hanyar kwari da cututtuka fungal. Za'a iya amfani da iri-iri don kiwo don siyarwa. Kasancewa ga duk yanayin girma, da kuma yanayin yanayi mai kyau, daga ɗayan daji na bazara ta Indiya zaka iya samun kilogiram 2.5 na amfanin gona.
- Hercules - dabam dabam a cikin manyan masu girma dabam na berries. Ba kwa buƙatar haɗa haɗe da daji zuwa goyan baya. A iri-iri ne resistant ga cututtuka da kwari, ba ka damar girma berries a kan masana'antu sikelin.
- Manyan rawaya - Ita ce mafi girma manyan-fruited remont rasberi a tsakanin dukkan jinsuna tare da rawaya berries. Rasberi iri-iri ya bambanta da wasu a cikin manyan m berries. Amma irin waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa ba su da talauci, saboda haka wajibi ne don aiwatarwa da cin su a kan tabo.
Kawai mafi mashahuri nau'ikan remont raspberries ana jera su a sama. Akwai adadi mai yawa na nau'ikansa, zaka iya zaɓar wanda ya dace ba tare da wahala ba dangane da zaɓin ɗanɗano na mutum, buƙatu iri-iri, gami da yanayin damina.
Yadda ake dasa shuki?
Dasa remont raspberries ana shuka su ne a cikin bazara. Abubuwan dasa don ba lallai ba ne su saya a gaba. Ana yin sayayya mafi kyau a cikin ɗakunan ajiya na musamman da keɓaɓɓun shakatawa da kuma gandun daji don kada su yanke ƙauna a cikin sakamakon. Tushen tsarin shine babban sharaɗin don zaɓin seedling wanda ya dace da dasa. Tsarin tushen yakamata ya zama cikakke lafiya a bayyanar, ba tare da ruɓa ba, ingantaccen haɓaka, ba tare da mold ba. Mafi kyawun tsarin tushen ji, da sauri daji zai karba ya girma.
A ina zan dasa remont raspberries?
Wurin dasa bishiyoyin remont zai yi tasiri kai tsaye akan girma, ci gabansa da 'ya'yan itace. Shafin da aka zaɓa daidai nan gaba zai sauƙaƙa sauƙaƙe aikin. Babban ka'idojin don zaɓar wurin sauka shine zafin jiki da matakin haske. Kyakkyawan wuri zai kasance kusa da shinge, bango na ginin, wanda aka fallasa zuwa hasken rana mai haske a duk lokacin hasken rana.
Rasberi wanda aka cirewa yana iya nuna yawan amfanin gona kawai a kan ƙasa mai kyau da takin ƙasa. Amma a lokaci guda, ya kamata substrate ya kasance sako-sako, isar da iska da danshi da kyau. Gyaran raspberries suna buƙatar haka sosai a kan adadin takin, saboda, ba kamar iri na talakawa ba, dole ne ya kasance ya ba da fruita atan aƙalla sau 2 a kowace kakar.
Dokokin dasa shuki
Ramin da nisa na 60 cm kuma zurfin 40 cm ya dace da dasa shuki .. A kowane yanayi, kuna buƙatar mayar da hankali kan girman kowane seedling daban-daban. Nisa tsakanin rami yakamata ya zama m 1. Mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa ana nunawa ne kawai a cikin wadancan bushes a cikin rijiyoyin wanda aka zuba taki kafin shuka. Mafi shahararrun riguna miya shine superphosphate (2 tablespoons a kowace rijiya) gauraye da ash da ƙasa.
Tushen ana daidaita a hankali a cikin rami, a hankali yafa masa ƙasa. Kuma kawai lokacin da rami ya cika gaba ɗaya, an zana ƙasa a ƙafa tare da ƙafafunku. Gaba ɗaya ba lallai ba ne don cika tushen wuyan. A cikin kwanaki 14, zai fito fili ya nuna ko tsiro ya ɗauka ko a'a.
Dokoki don kiyaye remont raspberries
Dokokin kula da dasa bishiyoyin shuka ba su da wahala. Raspberries bukatar na yau da kullum yalwatacce watering. Kowane daji ana bada shawara a shayar da shi kullun. Idan bazara ta bushe da zafi, to baza'a tsallake ruwa ba. Idan ƙasa ba ta da kyau saboda isasshen watsawarta, ruwan da ke cikinta ya zama turɓaya, kuma iska ba ta ƙetarewa, to kuwa tushen rasberi na iya fara juyawa. A wannan yanayin, yana da mahimmanci don daidaita ban ruwa bisa yanayin halayen ƙasa.
Haɗuwa da ƙasa ƙasa hanya ce ta tilas ga kula da renon raspberries. Gudanar da shi aƙalla sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 14 zuwa zurfin kusan 7 cm.Haka zurfafa kwance zai lalata tsarin tushen sa.
Yana da mahimmanci a kai a kai takin a cikin girma da girma fruiting na raspberries. Gyara raspberries dole ne ya karbi kayan abinci koyaushe daga ƙasa, saboda yana buƙatar ƙarfi da yawa don sake dawo da amfanin gona. Ana amfani da takin gargajiya da na ma'adinai don ciyar da bushes. Kuna buƙatar ciyar da bushes a cikin dumi yanayi, nan da nan bayan substrate lafiya moistened.
Bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, ana bada shawara don amfani da kashi na farko na taki zuwa ƙasa. Bugu da kari, yawan hadi zaiyi daidai da sau daya a kowane sati uku.
A cikin rabin na biyu na bazara, remont raspberries suna buƙatar hadadden takaddun da ke ɗauke da potassium, abubuwan abubuwan da ake amfani da su da kuma phosphorus.
Ingancin ciyawa shine mabuɗin babbar siyarwa
Pruning bushes ne dole lokacin da girma remont raspberries. Inganta ingantaccen kayan aikin yana tabbatar da yawan amfanin gona iri biyu kuma yana tsawanta lokacin fruiting. Akwai wasu sharudda game da sare daji. Zaluncin su zai haifar da gaskiyar cewa raspberries zai rasa halayen ingancin su da keɓaɓɓen abubuwa kuma ya koma kallon al'ada.
Dokoki don trimming:
- Ana datsa bushes a cikin ƙarshen kaka, lokacin da aka tabbatar da tsawan yanayin zafin jiki na dare.
- Don yin pruning, yi amfani da kayan lambu ko almakashi mai kaifi.
- An sare harbin zuwa matakin ƙasa wanda kawai tushen tsarin ya rage na hunturu.
- Yanke harbe suna ƙone nan da nan bayan cire. Wannan yana hana yaduwar kwari da cututtuka.
Ingantaccen spring pruning na bushes, amma kafin buds fara Bloom. A lokacin girkin bazara, ba duk tsire-tsire ake cirewa ba, amma bushewarsa kawai ya bushe zuwa farkon toho mai rai.
Ta yaya za a yadu da gyaran raspberries?
Don narkar da rasberi, hanyoyin yaduwar shuka ba su dace ba. Don rarrabawarsa, ana amfani da ɗayan hanyoyin masu zuwa:
- A kowane daji akwai rassa wanda shekarunsu suka kai 2-3. Dole ne a share su. Yawancin lokaci suna cikin cibiyar. Cire su na karfafa girma da fitowar sabbin harbe matasa. Wani karamin shuka zai fito daga tsarin tushen adana. Sakamakon harbe zai dace da dasawa.
- A ƙarshen bazara, wani ɓangare tare da harbe-harbe matasa da tsararren tushen tsarin ya rabu da daji na maza. Irin wannan makircin yana ƙarƙashin saukar da kai a cikin sabon wuri.
Karin kwari da cututtuka
Karin kwari irin su aphids, gall midges, gizo-gizo kwari, rasberi rasberi da rasberi weevils, toho kwari, kwari kara.
Daga cikin cututtukan ƙwayar cuta da ke shafar bushes, mafi yawan sune anthracnose, powdery mildew, spotting purple, mycoplasmosis, da curl rasberi.
Don hana aukuwa na cututtuka da kwari a kan bushes na remont raspberries, an bada shawara don bi da su da ruwa Bordeaux (lokacin girma a cikin bazara da kuma bayan fruiting).
