Wannan itacciyar itaciyar itaciya wacce take son samun lambu da yawa akan makircinsu. Matsalar ita ce ba kowa ba ne yasan yadda ake dasa irin goro don girbi daga gare ta tsawon shekaru. Idan kun fahimci fasalin wannan hanyar, ya zama sarai cewa wannan ba irin wannan aikin ba mai wuya bane.
Babban hanyoyin haifuwa
Gyada ɗan itacen dabaru wanda ba shi da tushe, mai jure sanyi wanda ke tsirowa cikin yanayi mai laushi da tsafta. Itace tana da ikon gyarawa, sakamakon wanda, maimakon harbe-harbe da suka mutu cikin matsanancin sanyi, sababbi kusan kullum suke girma.
Don koyon yadda ake shuka tsintsiya yadda yakamata, ya kamata ku san kanku da manyan hanyoyin yaduwarta. Kuna iya yada wannan al'ada:
- tsaba;
- shuka;
- hanyar ciyayi.
A lokacin da dasa shuki, ya fi wuya a hango irin 'ya'yan itatuwa da za ta kawo a nan gaba, ko za a karɓa. Sabili da haka, ya fi dacewa a girma daga tsaba, yayin da kusan kashi 80% na haruffa ke da tabbacin za a watsa su. Ya kamata ku zabi kwaya don shuka daga waɗancan bishiyoyin da suka girma a yankinku.
Idan aka zabi shuka itaciyar mahaifiya daidai, girma irin goro ta hanyar ciyawa shima yana tabbatar da asalin sifofin halayen da ya haifar da itacen uwa. Hanyar ingantacciyar hanyar irin wannan haifuwa ana ɗaukar ta budurwa a filin.
Girma walnuts daga tsaba
Dasa walnuts tare da tsaba ana ɗauka ɗayan ɗayan hanyoyin mafi sauƙi na haihuwa. Zai yuwu aiwatar da irin wannan hanyar ba wai kawai a lokacin bazara bane, har ma da kaka.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari da aka yi niyya don dasa ya zama babba da cikakke. Yawancin lokaci suna da launi mai launi kore tare da ɗan ƙaramin launin rawaya mai haske da harsashi mai wuya.
Kwayoyi da aka yi niyya don shuka su ne mafi kyau a girbe a cikin bazara, lokacin da itaciyar tayi rayayye tana bada 'ya'ya kuma tana zubar da fruitsan itace da kan ta. Alamar tabbatacciyar alamar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta shine ɓarke a cikin pericarp ko keɓewa daga kwasfa.
Yadda za a dasa irin goro daga tsaba? Da farko, ya zama dole a jiƙa da aka zaɓa a cikin ruwan dumi don kwanaki 2-3, bayan wannan an daidaita su tsawon watanni 2. Don yin wannan, an sanya su cikin rigar rigar ko yashi da ke kunshe da zazzabi na 2-5. A ƙarshen lokacin rarrashi, ana shigo da tsaba a cikin ɗakin dumi inda ake shuka su. Don wannan dalili, an sanya su cikin kwantena cike da peat ko yashi kogin rigar, kuma ana ajiye su a zazzabi na digiri 5-7.
Abun Lura yana nuna cewa tsabtace ƙwayoyin pericarp ana bambanta su da mafi kyawun ƙwayar cuta.
Autumn dasa ne da za'ayi a ƙarshen Oktoba, idan yanayin yanayin ya ba da izini, - an sanya tsaba a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Showsabi'a tana nuna cewa tare da dasa damina, ana iya samun seedlingsanyan shuka mai fa'ida. Gwanin gyada a cikin bazara yana faruwa a farkon Mayu.
Za a dasa tsaba nan da nan a wani wuri na girma na ci gaba, saboda haka dole ne a yi tunani a gaba. Wajibi ne a kiyaye wannan yanki daga iska da hasken wuta sosai. Zurfin wurin sanya iri shine 15-20 cm, ajiye su a cikin rami tare da ɗinka.
Dasa Walnut Seedlings
Ana samun ingantaccen narkar da bishiyar tare da taimakon ƙwayar cuta sakamakon yarda da duk dabarun fasaha. Bugu da kari, don cin nasara cikin nasara na irin goro, gabanin waɗannan abubuwan zasu buƙaci:
- ƙasa mai kyau;
- isasshen hasken wuta;
- yawan danshi da ake buƙata;
- dumi.
Yawancin lokaci ramin dasawa yana da girman 70x70 cm, amma idan wannan bai isa ba ga tushen tsarin, ana karuwa saboda saiwoyin itacen bishiya nan gaba ya dace da madaidaiciyar ƙasa. A cikin sassan daidai, ramin yana cike da ƙasa da humus.
Don dasa shuki, seedlings tare da gangar jikin ɓawon akalla 1 cm an zaɓi, tsayin su ba shi da yawa.
Yadda za a shuka irin goro seedlings daidai? A baya can, ana bada shawarar tushen tushen su tare da haɓakar haɓaka. Sa'an nan kuma aka daidaita Tushen, sanya shi a cikin rami kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa, wanda sai a ɗauka da sauƙi.
Dole ne a sanya tushen wuyansa na seedling a lokacin dasa a matakin ƙasa.
Bayan hanya, ana shayar da bishiyoyi masu zuwa tare da ruwa, yayin da kowane seedling, ana buƙatar aƙalla ruwa uku na ruwa. Ana amfani da sassan gangar jikin ganye tare da ganye ko tsiro.
Hanyar yaduwar kayan lambu
Yankin yaduwa da itace shima yan lambu da yawa sun yarda dashi. Ana amfani da hanyar ciyayi don inganta abubuwan da ake da su.
Yankin da ake buƙata don grafting an yanke shi daga harbe na wannan shekara, wanda ke gefen gefen gangar jikin a tsayi aƙalla akalla 5. Kafin yankan, itacen yana buƙatar a shayar da shi sosai kuma ƙasa a ƙarƙashinsa ya kamata a haƙa shi.
Amfani da wuka mai kaifi, ana yin yankan da yawa a kewayen, sannan a cire shi tare da garkuwar 3x2 cm, a tsakiyar wanda yakamata a sami peephole.
Don adana danshi, wurin yin rigakafin nan gaba ya kamata a nannade shi da fim. Bayan sati 2, garkuwa tare da koda kawai tana yanke cikin hawan sabon itace kuma an daidaita ta da tef na lantarki. Suna cire shi bayan makonni 3, a lokacin wanne lokacin ne kuma keɓaɓɓun kayan sarrafawa suna sarrafa girma tare.
Noma da kulawa
A cikin yankuna daban-daban na yanayin zafi, an zaɓi nau'in seedlings da suka dace waɗanda suke da kaddarorin da ake so. Misali, girma walnuts a cikin kewayen birni yana buƙatar nau'ikan irin su Sadko, Ideal, Moscow, wanda zai iya jure ƙananan yanayin zafi kuma baya buƙatar tsari don hunturu.
Kodayake wasu yan lambu Belarusian sunyi la'akari da girma walnuts a kan ƙasar wannan aiki mara amfani, ,ungiyoyinsu suna samun nasarar dasa shuki iri anan kamar:
- ƙwaƙwalwar Minov;
- Samokhvalovichsky;
- Pinki.
Nasarar irin abincin da ake samu a cikin Belarus ya dogara ne akan zaɓin da ya dace na nau'ikan da suka dace wanda zai iya jure yanayin. Wannan misalin yana nuna cewa wannan itaciyar zata iya yin girma a kusan kowace ƙasa, amma dole ne su kasance masu sako-sako, magudanar ruwa da kuma ƙasa.
Duk hanyar da aka dasa shuka, tana girma a hankali. Girma walnuts yana buƙatar kulawa da haƙuri. Itace yana buƙatar ciyarwa akai-akai, yankan rassan, kuma a cikin matsanancin zafi yana buƙatar yawan ruwa.
