Gyada ta manchuri a cikin gidan bazara

Manyan bishiyoyi masu walƙiya fiye da sau ɗaya suna ba wa matafiyi kariya da abinci, wanda mutane ke kiransu sarkin cinyewa. Kyakkyawan bishiyoyi masu lalacewa na dan gyada suna wakiltar walnuts kuma suna da yawa a cikin yankuna na kudancin Tarayyar Rasha da CIS. Shukarsu suna ƙawata hanyoyi kuma suna rakiyar matafiya a kan tafiye-tafiye masu nisa, wasu wakilai suna girma a cikin yadudduka na wuraren bacci na biranen kuma, ba shakka, akwai cikin kowane gida. Koyaya, yanki rarraba walnuts yana iyakance ga yankin kudanci kuma yunƙurin da aka yi don ciyar da al'adun zuwa arewa ya ƙare cikin gazawa.

Amma ga masu son kwayoyi a cikin yankuna na arewa maso yamma akwai hanyar fita. Ba za ku iya girma ba walnuts, amma kwayoyi na Manchurian, waɗanda suke da kaddarorin iri ɗaya da fruitsa ,an, amma ana nuna su ta hanyar tsananin sanyi. Tsawon 30 da gajeru na 45 digiri na sanyi ba su lalata bishiyoyi.

Manchurian irin goro. . T. Abe Lloyd

Manchurian Walnut, ko Dumbey Walnut (Juglans mandshurica) - nau'in bishiyoyi masu lalatattun bishiyoyi ko tsintsaye na tsiroJuglans), Iyalin Nut (Juglandaceae).

Yankin rarraba yanki na irin goro na Manchurian

Yankin rarraba ganyen Manchurian yana gangarowa zuwa Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewacin China, da Koriya ta Koriya. Ya girma musamman a cikin gandun itacen oak-maple, yana fifita mahalli tare da larch, Pine, itacen al'ul da sauran nau'in coniferous. Gyada irin ta Manchurian a cikin wani nau'in horarwa yana girma kuma yana samar da albarkatu a tsibirin Solovetsky, a cikin Leningrad, Vologda, Moscow da sauran yankuna na Rasha.

Bayanin halittu na irin ƙwayar Manchurian

Gyada irin ta Manchurian a cikin kamannin yayi kama da irin goro, amma akwai kuma alamu. Ganyen ganye shima tsiro ne mai rikitarwa, amma ya fi girma irin na goro, ya kai tsawon 1 m, ya ƙunshi -19ananan ganye 7-19 (tsayin 10-20 cm), an yi shi a gefen gefen, tare da nuna goge. Kwayoyi suna kan rassan guda 2-7, ƙarami fiye da walnuts, tare da harsashi mai yawa, m-nuna zuwa ƙarshen ɗaya. Barkaƙƙarfan haushi shine launin toka mai sauƙi, mai laushi, yana duhu tare da shekaru kuma ya zama baƙar fata a wurare. Lokacin dasa shuki, yana samar da amfanin gona na farko don shekara ta 4, kuma tare da tsaba - don 7-8. Shekarun 20-30 na farko suna girma da sauri. Girma na shekara-shekara, musamman a farkon shekarun, ya kai mita 2.

'Ya'yan itãcen Manchurian irin goro. Qwert1234 Nyan furanni na mata (catkins) na gyada na Manchurian. Qwert1234 Furanni na fure irin na Manchurian. Qwert1234

Walnut Manchurian monoecious shuka, Forms daban-daban namiji da mace fure. Maza a cikin nau'i na dogon 'yan kunne wanda ya yi fure a lokaci guda kamar yadda furannin ke buɗe. Mace, wanda ƙananan goge-goge ke wakilta. Pollinated da iska. Flow yana faruwa a watan Afrilu-Mayu. Girbi irin goro na Manchurian a cikin shekaru 1-2. Tare da yellowing na ganye, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari sun dace don tattarawa (shekaru 20 na Satumba).

Kyakkyawan halaye na irin ƙwayar Manchurian

• Ana amfani da kernels mai ɗauke da kitse sama da 50% sabo.
• Daga kore kwayoyi (a farkon Yuni) ripeness madara (2-3 cm a girma) an shirya mai dadi sosai, jam na magani.
• Ana amfani da ganyen ganyen ganyen lokacin furanni don cututtukan cututtukan gastrointestinal, friability na gumis, da kuma diathesis na exudative.
• Ana amfani da ganyayen ganye masu kyau zuwa raunuka don hana lalata. Amfani da shi don magance furunlera.
• Don warkar da naman gwari a ƙafafu (har ma da ƙusa), ana sa ganye kamar shayi. Bayan sanyaya, ana kiyaye ƙafafun a cikin bayani na minti 20-30. Ana yin aikin a cikin kwanaki 7-10.
• Ctionaukar ganye yana inganta ingancin gashi (yana haɓaka haɓaka, ya dawo da haske, yana kawar da dandruff).
• Tana tsaftace iska da ƙura da kyau. Dankin ya ƙunshi sinadarin yuglon na ƙwayoyin cuta (ƙanshi na aidin), wanda ke gurɓatar da iska daga ƙwayoyin cuta.

Manchurian Walnut

Yi amfani da ado a wurin

Manchurian irin goro - ya kai tsayin 10-25 m, sananne ne ga ƙyalli na ɓarnar da aka kafa da kambi mai faɗi. A cikin yankuna na arewacin yana iya girma a cikin nau'i na daji kuma a cikin wannan tsari kuma yana ba da amfanin gona. Gyada irin manchurian nasa ne ga albarkatun gona masu haɓaka cikin sauri. Godiya ga kambi-kayanta-ganye, ƙyallen ya dace daidai cikin kowane yanki. Yana da tasiri a aikin lambu na dacha na yanayi, duka a kewaye, kuma a keɓance sararin samaniya. Ganyayyun kwayoyi suna ba da saurin canzawa, sauro sauro, don haka hazel babban mataimaki ne mai ban sha'awa a cikin zanen kwanciyar hankali. Musamman rarrabe ta kayan kwalliyar su shine ciyawar hadin gwiwa tare da kayan kwalliya waɗanda ke ƙawata wuraren ciyawar da labulen kore.

Yadda ake girma Manchurian irin goro a gida

Gwanin manchurian al'ada ce ta hoto, ba ta tsoron iska, amma ta kula da fari. Yaduwa da 'ya'yan itatuwa da shirye seedlings. Kuna iya siyan seedlings a kungiyoyin kwadago da ke siyar da kayan shuka. Abu ne wanda ba a ke so ya sayi seedlings daga masu siyar bazuwar.

Yaduwa da shuka

Gyadayen ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta suna da wuya a yi haƙuri da transplants. Sabili da haka, yanke shawara don yaduwar al'adun a cikin hanyar ciyayi - dasa shuki seedlings, kuna buƙatar yanzunnan da wuri da ya dace. Kwayoyi sune albarkatu masu son girma tare da kawunansu a buɗe. Wurin, sabili da haka, yakamata ya kasance rana, ba waɗansu bishiyoyi masu tsayi ba Gyada ya girma sosai a ƙananan wurare, amma ƙasa dole ne ta kasance mai ƙanshi. Bai wa tsarin tushen zurfi mai zurfi tare da babban tushe na tushe, ana buƙatar dasa shuka daga gine-gine. Idan an dasa bishiyoyi da yawa a jere, to, ana shirya ramuka don shuka a cikin 10-12 m.

Za'a iya dasa shuki a cikin watan Satumba ko Afrilu. Muna shirya rami mai saukarwa tare da zurfin akalla 80-100 cm da ƙarar daidai yake da tushen tsarin seedling. Mun sanya magudanar ruwa a ƙasan ramin, a ciki wanda zaku iya amfani da tubalin da ya fashe, dutsen da aka lalata da sauran kayan. Mun zuba wani yanki na kasar gona wanda yake rufe magudanar ruwa da wani bangare na ramin sauka. Idan ƙasa ta cika kayan abinci ko yumɓu mai yawa, to muna shirya cakuda ƙasa. Tsarin ƙasa na sama na ramin rami yana hade da humus, turf da yashi a cikin sassa masu dacewa 4: 2: 2: 1. 20ara 20-40 g / rijiyar superphosphate da potash taki. Madadin takin potash, zaka iya yin gilashin itace. Haɗa cakuda da aka shirya sosai.

Manchurian irin goro seedling. © Chika Oka

Sapling (shekara 1-2), bincika, gajarta tushen na tsakiya. Mun sanya a cikin tsakiyar rami kuma nan da nan sai mu ɗaure shi cikin fegi. Mun cika ɗayan cakuda ƙasa, a hankali cika cika da guga na ruwa, kuma bayan soaking, ƙara sauran ƙasa, murƙushe shi a kusa da tushe. Sanya wani buhun ruwa na 0.5-1.0. Ciyawa kasar gona a kusa da gangar jikin tare da peat, sawdust (not coniferous), takin da suka girma, foliage lafiya. Mun dumi saplings na hunturu, kamar yadda a wani matashi shekaru da tukwici daga cikin rassan iya daskare. Don dumama, muna kunshe da shtamb da ƙananan rassan tare da burlap ko kayan da ba a saka ba kuma muna kare zangon daga maciji. Mun tona raga a cikin ƙasa kuma mun tattake ta. A cikin hunturu, bayan dusar ƙanƙara, muna maimaita hanya saboda ƙwayoyin linzamin kwamfuta ba sa yin motsawa a cikin dusar ƙanƙara.

Tsarin iri

Lokacin yada kwaya ta zuriya, kyawawan halaye na itacen iyaye ba koyaushe ake watsa su zuwa sabon shuka ba. Don yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, ana amfani da kwayoyi 1-2 shekara. An fara daga shekara ta 3 na ajiya, an shuka iri sosai. Ana iya shuka tsaba a cikin bazara da kaka. Tsarin hunturu na hunturu na 'ya'yan itatuwa irin goro sun fi dacewa. A wannan yanayin, stratification ba lallai ba ne kuma seedlings suna bayyana da yawa fiye da lokacin dasa shuki.

Don dasa tsaba hazel, zamu zaɓi yanki mai kyau wanda aka zana shi, mu sanya shi a hankali, kuma ya samar da wani lambu. Gyada baya yarda da kasa mai acidic, saboda haka muna ƙara kofuna waɗanda 2-3 na itace na itace ta 1 sq Km. m kuma tono zuwa zurfin na cm cm 8. Muna yin ramuka mai zurfi na cm cm cm 6 nesa nesa daga 8-10 cm kwayoyi waɗanda aka yi niyya ana tsoma su cikin kerosene daga mice ɗin sauran dabbobin da sauran mashinsu kuma an sanya su cikin ramuka a kan haƙarƙarin. Mun cika shi da ƙasa kuma ciyawa a kai tare da kowane kayan don adana danshi. Kasancewa a cikin yanayi na halitta, 'ya'yan itaciyar goro suna yin ɓarna da harbe mai ƙarfi suna bayyana a cikin bazara.

Harbe daga seedlings za a iya nan da nan transplanted zuwa akai, pre-pinching tsakiyar zuciyar tushe. Kuna iya barin ta a wuri a cikin shekarar farko kuma ku dasa ta har abada a cikin faɗuwa a watan Agusta, ba tare da mantawa da rage tushen asalin ba. Wannan aiki yana karfafa ci gaban al'adu. Dasawa wani tsiro mai tsiro ko seedling, dole ne a yanke niyya nan da nan.

Kulawar Manchurian

A lokacin da sake kafa seedling ko seedling wanda ya kafa har abada, yi ƙoƙarin kula da farkon wurin matasa shuka dangi zuwa sassan duniya, wanda zai ba shi damar ɗauka sosai da sauri. Gyada shine tsire-tsire masu ƙazantar da ruwa sabili da haka a farkon shekara dole ne a kiyaye ƙasa a kodayaushe. Muna aiwatar da shayarwa sau 2-3 a wata, ba tare da cika ƙasa ba. Shekaru 2-3, muna rage yawan ban ruwa zuwa sau 5-7, kuma a shekaru masu zuwa muna ba da ruwa a lokacin bazara 1 lokaci na wata. Bayan yin ruwa, dole ne a saki ƙasa, yayin da yake lalata ciyawa, da ciyawa. A cikin shekara ta 4, itaciyar ta yi fure kuma tana iya ba da amfanin gona na farko.

A duk tsawon wannan lokacin, kula da kananan bishiyoyi sun haɗa da haɗa takin ƙasa tare da takin mai magani na phosphorus-potassium, waɗanda ake amfani da su sau ɗaya a kowace ciyayi mafi kyawun lokacin ƙirƙirar 'ya'yan itace (Yuni). Kuna iya ciyar da superphosphate kawai, amma tabbatar da ƙara gilashin itacen ash, wanda ya ƙunshi babban tsarin macro- da microelements da suka wajaba don haɓakar al'ada. Bishiyoyi suna buƙatar haƙa kowace shekara a gefen kambi. Bishiyoyi masu balaga suna jure wa fari fari da ambaliyar ta wucin gadi na tsarin sa. Don kare kananan bishiyoyi daga kunar rana a jiki, kar a manta a fidda kullun da kuma rassan kwarangwal tare da lemun tsami tare da kara yumbu da m. Bayan batun fasaha na aikin gona, bishiyoyi ba sa cutar da kwari da kwari.

Yarinyar Manchurian. Sirpa Tähkämö

Kirkirar kafa

Yankin kan lokaci da kuma ingantaccen kambi shine ɗayan manyan ayyukan walnut. A cikin manufa, irin goro na Manchurian baya buƙatar kambi na wucin gadi. Yana tsara kansa. A wannan yanayin, kawai ana yin tsabtace tsabtace tsabtace ruwa a farkon lokacin bazara ko a lokacin lokacin hunturu, yankan fitar da bushe, curves na girma a cikin reshe. Amma lokacin girma a cikin karamin yanki, kuna buƙatar sa hannun mai shi. Wannan shi ne da farko saboda girman filin kyauta a shafin, wasu albarkatu da ke girma kusa da itacen gyada.

Idan ya cancanta, samuwar kambi yana farawa daga shekara ta biyu ta rayuwar goro, kuma ana iya aiwatar da shi a kowane lokaci na shekara. Ana iya kafa irin goro na Manchurian:

• kamar itace mai yaduwa tare da ɗanɗano kara,
• kamar guda-ganga itacen da mai kambi kambi siffar,
• kamar daji tare da manyan manyan katako.

Don ƙirƙirar itace mai yaduwa, ƙaramin ƙwayar seedling ya bar ɗayan mafi girma daga cikin harbe, wanda aka yi kama da gangar jikin, har zuwa 50-80 cm tsayi. A kan tushe na gaba, an cire duk buds. Sa'an nan kuma an sanya manyan rassan kwarangwal a cikin da'irar a kusa da akwati a nesa da juna. Kowane reshe kwarangwal ya kamata ya sami babban kusurwa na tashi daga gangar jikin. Za ku sami itace mai yaduwa, tare da rassan kwarangwal masu ƙarfi, mai jagoranci na tsakiya da babban yanki mai inuwa. An yanke reshe na kasusuwa na sama akan mai gudanar da tsakiya zuwa ƙirar koda. Kambi ya iyakance haɓakarsa sama, kuma barin reshen kashin ƙashi zuwa gefen yana ba rana damar ratsa cikin kambi.

Manchurian irin goro. . Kor! An

Idan yanki na makircin ya kasance karami kuma baya bada izinin samuwar wata itaciya, saboda shafar wasu nau'ikan tsirrai, to kuwa zaku iya baiwa itaciyar rawanin dabino mai siffar-dabino guda-daya. A saboda wannan, an rarrabe gangar jikin guda ɗaya, wanda aka kafa tare da tsayi na akalla 1.5-2.0 m, cire duk kodan gefe a kai. A saman su rassan kwarangwal ne, waɗanda suke samar da wani kambi na buɗe ido da yardar rai wanda baya iya ɓoye tsire-tsire masu kusa girma. Hakanan za'a iya yanke shi a cikin siffar ƙwal a cikin matakai da yawa. Itace yayi kama da itacen dabino tare da "tassel" na rassa a saman. Ana samun nau'in ƙwallon ƙwallon ta hanyar rage ƙananan rassa ta 2/3 na tsawon. Zuwa tsakiyar ƙwallon gaba, za a rage tsawon yanke zuwa 1/3, sannan a hawan tsari zuwa saman kambi. Zaɓi na biyu shine yafi ƙarfin tattalin arziki, saboda bazai ɓoye wasu tsirrai ba.

Siffar daji ya fi dacewa lokacin dasa shuki a kewayen wurin. An kirkiro daji tare da kututture da yawa, rassan kwarangwal wanda za'a fara 40-50 cm daga ƙasa. Wannan ya dace musamman idan saboda wasu dalilai rawanin zai mutu. Matasan harbe zasu tafi daga tushe, kuma ana iya sake shuka shuka, yana ba da sabon shuka kamin kambi da ake so.