Ba tare da buƙatar kulawa da kanta sosai ba, Willow ɗin yana ba da cikakkiyar amsa ga kulawarta - wani kambi mai ƙyalƙyali, kyakkyawar lanƙwasa rassan kuka da ƙarancin haske na ganyayyaki.
Willows suna da yawa sosai sanannun tsire-tsire a cikin tsakiyar Rasha. Yawancin nau'in willows suna son danshi kuma suna zaune a cikin wurare masu laka, yayin da a cikin wuraren bushewa (a kan tudu, yashi, da sauransu) kuma a cikin fadama, ,an nau'ikan da ke girma. Hakanan ana samun Willow a cikin gandun daji, a matsayin cakuda wasu bishiyoyi.
Willow (Salix) - bishiyoyi da tsirrai na gidan Willow (Salicaceae) Sunan jama'a: Sveta, Willow, Sheluga, Rakita, Vine, Loznyak, Tal, Talnik.
Fillow, ko willow na azurfa, Vetla.
Willow ya bayyana a duniya tun da wuri, kwafinsa ya riga ya waye a cikin Tsararrun Cretaceous, kuma har ma da nau'ikan zamani sun rayu a zamanin Quaternary: Ash willow (Sinex cinerea), Farar fata Willow (Salihu alba), Willow sanda mai siffa (Salix viminalis).
Za a sami nau'ikan willow akalla 350, waɗanda aka rarrabawa yawancin wurare masu sanyi a Arewacin Hemisphere, inda willow ya zarce yankin Arctic Circle. Yawancin nau'ikan suna girma a cikin tsaunin teku. A Arewacin Amurka, sama da nau'ikan 65, wanda 25 ne kawai suka kai girman itaciya. Yawancin Willowan ƙananan bishiyoyi ne na 10-15 m ko ciyawa, amma akwai Willows 30-40 m tsayi da yawa sama da 0.5 a diamita.
A cikin ƙasashe masu sanyi, Willows yana girma har zuwa arewa, irin waɗannan sune willows mara tsananin ƙyalli: Willow wawa (Salix retusa), Zafin netlow (Salix reticulata), Willow ciyawa (Salix herbacea), Lowlar wallow (Slax polaris).
A cikin tsaunika, tsintsaye tsintsaye suna yin ciyawa (Salix herbacea) da sauran waɗanda suka isa kan iyakar dusar ƙanƙara. Yankakken furanni da mai tsayi - tsirrai - tsirrai masu tsayi - zuwa santimita da yawa a tsayi.
Sau da yawa akwai nau'ikan iri-iri. Yawancin nau'in willow, kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, ana kiran su: shanu, Willow, sheluga, rakita (manyan bishiyoyi da tsirrai, galibi a cikin yankunan yammacin ɓangaren Turai na Rasha); itacen inabi, itacen inabi (nau'in tsiro); tal, talnik (mafi yawa nau'in tsirrai a yankun gabashi na yankin Turai, a Siberiya da Asiya ta Tsakiya).
Saboda iyawa ya ba da tushen adventitious, Willows a sauƙaƙe yana yaduwa ta hanyar katako har ma da hadarurruka (sai dai Salix caprea - delirium, ko willow akuya). Tsaba, duk da haka, sun rasa haɓakar su a cikin fewan kwanaki. kawai a Iva pyatitychinkova (Salix pentandra) tsaba zama mai yuwuwa har sai lokacin bazara mai zuwa.
Babila Willan.
Girma Willow
Willow sosai unpretentious ga ƙasa. Koyaya, yana haɓaka mafi kyau akan ƙananan loams da matsakaici, musamman idan basu manta da ciyar da ita da kwayoyin halitta ba. Yana iya yarda da kusancin abin da ya faru na ruwan karkashin kasa.
Dasa Willow
Don dasa shuki na bishiyoyin bishiyoyi na bishiyoyi, kuna buƙatar tono rami 50x50 cm, don bishiyoyi masu tsayi kadan - 60x60 cm da zurfin 40 cm. (Lokacin dasa manyan tsire-tsire tare da babban dunƙule na ƙasa, ramin ya kamata ya zama 40-50 cm mafi girma fiye da coma, da zurfin 30- 40 cm ƙari). Cika shi da cakuda ƙasa (daga 1/3 zuwa 1/2 na girman rami), wanda zai ƙunshi ƙasa, takin ko ciyawar quail da peat (1: 1: 1). Idan ƙasa tana da nauyi, an haɗa yashi a cikin ƙasa (har zuwa 20%). Bugu da kari, don Willow ya zama dole a gabatar da takaddun takaddun ma'adinai, alal misali, azofoska (150-200 g). Haɗa cakuda ƙasa a cikin rami da kyau. Lokacin dasa shuki ko shinge mai kauri, yana da kyau a tono rami mai zurfi 40-50 cm kuma zurfin 40 cm.
Willow tare da rufaffiyar tsarin zai iya ɗaukar tushe a kowane lokaci - daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba (babban abu shine cewa dunƙule da tushen bai kamata a overdried). Amma tsire-tsire tare da Tushen budewa ana iya shuka su a farkon bazara, kafin a buɗe buds, ko a watan Satumba, tare da farkon faɗuwar ganye. A lokacin dasa shuki, dole ne a cire ganyen seedling. Speciesarancin da ba za su iya jurewa da ƙarancin iri ba a shuka a cikin hunturu, saboda tushensu mai lalacewa da harbe-harbe suna iya mutuwa daga sanyi, ba su da lokacin haɓaka.
Sifin kuka Salix × sepulcralis.
Willow Kulawa
Willow a farkon kakar bayan dasa shuki yana buƙatar yawan ruwa: lita 20-50 na ruwa (ya dogara da girman shuka) sau ɗaya a kowane mako biyu da kowane mako a lokacin bushewa. Sannan za ta sami isasshen ban ruwa na matsakaici. Tsutsa tsintsaye suna yin shinge ya kamata a yanka sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a kakar (a cikin bazara kuma a tsakiyar lokacin bazara).
Amma ga riguna na sama, ana amfani da takaddun takaddama sau biyu zuwa sau uku a lokacin bazara da bazara, kuma a ƙarshen watan Agusta, superphosphate da potassium sulfate. A cikin ruwa na shekaru, launin toka da baƙi na baki, mai kama da datti mai ruɓi, galibi yakan bayyana akan ganyen Willow. Don dawo da itacen zuwa ga kyawunta na pristine, ya wajaba a fesa shi da jan karfe (HOM) ko oxychoma.
A cikin kaka, yana da kyau a cire ganyen da ya faɗo daga shafin. Ya kamata a 'yanta bishiyoyi na rani ko damuna daga ci gaban daji. Dole ne mu manta game da shinge na iri iri masu tsayayya. Shin a cikin Oktoba - farkon Nuwamba.
Willow yana kuka.
Yadda za a yi ado da lambun Willow?
A cikin lambuna da wuraren shakatawa, Willows galibi ana yin shuka bisa ga tafki na tafki. Kuma wannan abin fahimta ne - yanayin ƙasa, hoto mai saba. Amma, hakika, irin wannan filastik da itace mai ban sha'awa na yau da kullun zai yi ado da kowane kusurwar gonar, kuma kambinsa zai kare daga rana.
Willows da aka dasa tare da tazara tsakanin 1.5-2 m babban shinge, kuma a cikin layuka biyu - inuwa mai inuwa. Musamman kyakkyawa shine hanyar fararen hawayen willow lokacin da bishiyoyi ke rufe kambi. A saboda wannan, riga a shekara ta biyu ko ta uku bayan dasa, rassan da aka yiwa juna suna daɗaɗɗa da tsayin tsayi na 2.5-3 m ko kuma an haɗa ta da iska. Lawacewa hanya hanya ce ta alurar riga kafi da ake amfani da ita don haɗa harbe ɗaya ko tsire-tsire daban ba tare da yankan su ba. Gaskiya ne, wannan hanyar tana buƙatar ƙwarewa na musamman, don haka ya fi sauƙi ga rassan amarya, gyara duka fi biyu tare da tef filastik na bakin ciki. Bayan rufe rassan willow, an samo rami mai buɗe ƙorafin kore. Kuma idan babu wuri don tudu a cikin gonar, to, zaku iya iyakance kanku ga maɓallin kore a ƙofar - bishiyoyi biyu kawai.
Gyaran willow (mai launin fata, shunayya, Caspian) sune abubuwa masu kyau don shinge. Za su yi inuwa, kuma a lokaci guda suna yin ado ga yara ko filin wasanni. Amma bushes ba su da hotuna, kawai an dasa su a jere ko kuma labulen da yawa tare da hanyar gonar. Kuma willows mai kuka ko danshi mai ban sha'awa yana kama da ban sha'awa a cikin tsaunukan dutse, musamman idan rafi ya gudana kusa ko ƙaramin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa. Koyaya, iska mai kaɗaici akan katako mai faɗi da ke kewaye da bishiyoyi masu ban sha'awa na fure ko tare da conifers, waɗanda kyawawan kyawun su kawai suke amfana da irin wannan bambanci, suna da ban sha'awa.
Yankuna, iri da kuma nau'ikan Willow
A cikin duniya akwai nau'ikan willows sama da 350 na nau'ikan siffofi da girma dabam-dabam - daga manyan Kattafan mita ashirin zuwa ƙazantaccen ciyawa mai zurfin santimita-mita da yawa. Fiye da ɗari daga cikinsu suna cikin ƙasarmu (kawai a tsakiyar layi game da nau'ikan 20).
White Willow (vetla)
- sifar azurfa. Mafi girma (har zuwa 10-12 m) kuma mafi unpretentious of willows na ado. Sunan ya kasance saboda launuka masu kyau na ganyayyaki. Manyan kwazazzabo a cikin wuraren shakatawa - a bango na wani lokacin farin ganye mai duhu na manyan bishiyoyi: kirjin doki, elm, linden. Kuma waɗannan willows da aka dasa a bango (tare da shinge) tare da foliage su na silvery suna jaddada kyakkyawa na jan-leaved maples, plums, barberries ko duhu allurai na dutse Pine da yew.
- kuka. Itace itace tsayi 5-7 m, tare da kambi mai kyau sosai, cascading cikin digo, kuma tsayi (har zuwa 2-3 m), rassan suna gangara kusan ƙasa. Yana da undemanding ga ƙasa, hunturu-Hardy, danshi-m. Bears inuwa, amma in babu rana kambi ba mai yawa ba ce kuma ba na ado ba ne. Yin kuka Wil yana da kyau duka biyu kuma ya kasance a cikin karamin rukuni na bishiyoyi, musamman gefen bankunan jikin ruwa. Yana da kyau a haɗe shi tare da fure da keɓaɓɓun ciyawa da ƙananan bishiyoyi da ƙananan conifers: arborvitae, juniper, cypress.
Fillow, ko willow na azurfa, Vetla.
Rauni (rakita)
- siffar mai siffar zobe. Kambi ya yi kauri sosai, mai sihiri ko na yau da kullun. Itace tana da matsakaici mai yawa, wani lokacin har tana kaiwa tsayin mita 7. Ba ya daskare har ma da lokacin sanyi. Yana da kyau duka biyu a guda kuma a cikin plantings na rukuni, na iya zama kyakkyawan tushe don sauran tsire-tsire na ornamental. Curtainan ƙaramin labule ko zaren wannan Willows suna da hoto mai kyau a gefen tafki. Hakanan ana amfani da Rakita a matsayin shinge.
Willow brittle, ko Rakita, saƙa 'Bullata'.
Akuya
- kuka. Ingantaccen tasiri, tare da harbe-harben kuka da ke kusa da "tantin" a saman ƙaramin, yawanci tsintsinan mita ɗaya da rabi. Kwanan nan, ya zama sanannen godiya ga kayan shuka na waje wanda ya bayyana a cikin ƙasarmu. Tare da ingantaccen haske, itaciyar tayi karsashi, kamar kambi mai kama da rassa suna rataye a tsaye, zuwa wani lokaci zuwa ga ƙasa. A cikin bazara, an rufe su da furanni masu ɗimbin yawa, suna juya bishiyoyi zuwa manyan dandelions. A sama, da ƙarancin girma, mafi girma da tsinkayen tushe kawai ta 30 cm cm An dasa shi cikin rukuni-rukuni. Amma kyakkyawa da bishiya ɗaya akan asalin tsirrai tare da inuwa daban na ganye ko kuma a cikin hanyoyin biyun.
Kula da ɗan itacen willow kamar yadda yake kowane irin itace keɓaɓɓen tsiro. Da farko, ya zama dole don cire harbe daji da aka kafa a kan tushe a ƙarƙashin wurin alurar riga kafi a cikin lokaci (a ƙasa tushe na fashewar kuka a saman tushe), in ba haka ba sashin da aka liƙa na iya mutuwa ya mutu. Tun da wannan nau'in Willow ba mai hunturu-Hardy sosai ba, kuna buƙatar dasa shi cikin kwano mai kyau kuma ba a mafaka daga wuraren iska ba. A cikin yankunan karkara na arewacin, yana da kyau a rufe ɓangaren graugh na seedling don hunturu, yana rufe shi da yadudduka da yawa waɗanda ba saka ba. Lokacin dasawa, dole ne a ɗaura tsararren tsire-tsire zuwa gada uku don adana daidaituwa.
Goat willow, sa 'Pendula'.
Willow mai sanyi
- Form Matsuda. Shootswanna mai launin zinare mai launin furanni tare da ganye mai ɗanɗani ya ba shi fara'a ta musamman. Kamar kowane kyakkyawa, matsuda willow yana da ban tsoro. Baƙon, ba ta yarda da yanayin sanyi na Rasha ba: a cikin kewayen birni da ƙarin yankuna na arewa, tsananin dusar ƙanƙara mai daskarewa a cikin lokacin bazara mai ƙarfi, don haka tana buƙatar rufe ta. Wannan tsiron Willow ana shuka shi ne kawai a cikin fitina, ingantaccen tsari daga wuraren iska. Amma koda a cikin yanayi mai kyau a cikin yankin Moscow, tsawo na shuka da wuya ya wuce 3-3.5 m.
- Kuskure na doka. Babu ƙasa da kyau fiye da Matsuda, amma mafi dacewa da yanayin Rasha. Itacen ya yi ƙasa (har zuwa 3.5 m), amma yana da matukar ado, kuma a kowane lokaci na shekara. Shootsashiryenta masu launin launin shuɗi-fari-shuhu a cikin rana suna da launin ruwan kasa mai haske. Ko da kuwa da yanayin, yana jurewa da yankan da yankan, saboda haka ya dace da shinge. Godiya ga rassan da aka juya da kuma 'ganye' mai juya, wannan Willow yana farantawa ido duka da kansa kuma an kewaye shi da sauran bishiyoyin Willow.
Rassan Willow Matsuda, '' Tortuosa ''.
Duk willow
- Bambancin 'Hakuro-Nishiki'. Kyakkyawan fasali mai ban sha'awa tare da fararen dusar ƙanƙara a ƙarshen harbe kuma sun bambanta a tsakiya kuma kusa da gindin rassan. Yana girma tare da ƙaramin daji (har zuwa 1.5 m) ko ƙananan bishiya - lokacin da aka yi musu rigakafi akan daidaitaccen tsari. Rashin kyau ne low hunturu hardiness. A tsakiyar layi, ya fi kyau dasa shuki marasa daidaitattun tsire-tsire kuma rufe tsire-tsire don hunturu.
Willow willow, sa na 'Hakuro Nishiki'.
Manyan itacen Willow
- itace mai matsakaici, har zuwa 2-2.5 m mai tsayi, tare da mai yawa, kusan kambi mai kamshi da harbe mai haske. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wannan nau'in ya zama sananne a cikin Rasha. Shade mai haƙuri, amma ba sosai wuya. Bayan daskarewa, ya girma cikin sauƙi, ba lallai ba ne don tsari don hunturu. Shuka ya fi kyau a wuraren da aka ba shi kariya daga iska.
Willow mai laushi, ko launin rawaya, saitin 'Nana Gracilis'.
Caspian Willow
- yaduwa da ke da mita uku tare da dogon furanni na bakin ciki mai launi mai rawaya da bakin ganye mai kauri. Shade-haƙuri, amma ba sosai Hardy. Bayan daskarewa, ya girma cikin sauƙi, ba lallai ba ne don tsari don hunturu. Shuka ya fi kyau a wuraren da aka ba shi kariya daga iska.
Kayan itace na Caspian Willow.
Manyan kwari na Willow da matakan sarrafawa
A cikin babban tsarin matakan ƙara yawan aiki na Willows a kan tsire-tsire, ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman don matakan magance cututtuka da kwari. Mafi sau da yawa, willows ana cutar da su ta hanyar bishiyoyin ganye da giwaye, matafiyu daban-daban na barkono, aphids, kwari, kazalika da tsire-tsire mai banƙyama. Mafi yawan cututtukan da kwari suka shafa sune Rasha, mai kama da igiyoyi da ruwan willow.
- Tushen ganye irin ƙwaro. Irin ƙwaro 10-12 mm tsawo, tare da m elytra da ruwan hoda-kore pronotum da ƙananan jikin mutum. A saman elytra, baƙar fata guda ɗaya.
- Aspen ganye irin ƙwaro. Bayyanar halitta da kuma ilimin halitta daga cikin ƙwayar bishiyar ƙwayar bishiyar aspen suna kama da na poplar. Irin ƙwaro yana da ƙarancin girma fiye da poplar (tsawon 7-10 mm) kuma ba shi da digo na baki akan elytra.
- Willow silkworm. Mafi yawan lokuta, Willow yana da kamannin sanda. Macen daji mai saukar ungulu ta ninka fika na ganye zuwa cikin rago mai yawa kuma ku ci a kusa da harbin. Gudun yana da matsala, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ya rasa halayensa na fasaha.
- Widlow willow na kowa. Yana tsotsa ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga ganye, buds, matasa harbe. Yana ba ƙarni 10 a shekara.
- Spider mite. Yana bayyana akan ƙasan ganye da tsotse ruwan ruwan. Tare da mummunan lalacewa, ganye suna juye launin ruwan kasa kuma sun faɗi a kashe. A lokacin rani, mite mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi ne, ta kaka ce ta sami launin shuɗi mai ruwan shuɗi. Winters karkashin haushi, ganye ganye kuma a cikin ƙasa (a cikin girma mace mataki).
- Bindweed. Ciyawa mai ciyawa wanda ke lalata tsire-tsire na Willow, musamman a farkon shekarar rayuwa. Hannun bindigar ya hade da sanda, yana barin abubuwa masu fashewar abubuwa a kan karar har ma akan katako, suna sa sandunan su fashe yayin aiki. Ci gaban harbe ya tsaya.
- Yar Turai. Dankin shine m. Dodger yana ƙaddamar da tushen ƙasa a cikin itace na sanda, yana tsotse abubuwan gina jiki. Sau da yawa, dajin gaba daya yakan mutu daga dodo.
- Baglow na bagda. Maƙallin 20-25 mm mai tsawo tare da fuka-fuki fuka-fuki Caterpillars ne furry, shuɗi-shuɗi tare da dige ja.
- Motsa rodents - cutar da tushen da gnaw shuka iri.
Babila Willan.
M Properties na Willow
Daga a tarihi, anyi amfani da hawan Willow a matsayin wakilin antipyretic da mai saurin kamuwa da cuta. Amma da amfani Properties na shuka ba iyakance ga wannan. Ya isa a ambaci cewa salicylic acid - abu mai aiki da asfirin - yana ɗaukar sunanta daga kalmar Latin ta salix - willow.
Bugu da kari, Willow shine madarar zuma mai ban mamaki, launin toka mai launin toka tare da furanni stamens masu wadatar gaske a cikin nectar. Kuma daga harbe mai sassauƙa daga willow saƙa kwandunan kwalliya kuma suna yin kayan ɗakin wuta. Jiran shawararku!
