Cucumberswararren yayan itacen crispy daga lambun ka a cikin hunturu ba almara ba ne. Girma cucumbers a cikin matattararru yana yiwuwa shekara-shekara, koda a cikin yanayin yanayin yanayin illa. Fasaha da ka'idoji don girma cucumbers a cikin gidajen katako sun haɗa da samar da zazzabi da haske, sha, kayan miya, kwaro da sarrafa cuta.
Kayan aiki na Greenhouse
An saita kore a kan shinge don kada a fallasa shi ga iska ta arewa. Wurin yanar gizon ya kamata ya yi lebur ko kuma ɗan ƙaramin yanki zuwa kudu. Idan babu kariya daga iska, to an sanya shinge a gefen arewa. Wajibi ne a kula da tsarin ban ruwa a gaba. Matsakaicin girma zuwa yanki ya kamata 2: 1. Wannan shine mafi kyawun ma'auni don kula da tsarin zafin jiki na ciki. Kamar yadda ake rufe farfajiya a cikin gidajen kore, ana amfani da fim ɗin filastik. Ana iya ɗora shi a kan gangara mai digiri na 15-20.
Preparationasa shiri
A cikin lokacin sanyi, ana girma cucumbers a cikin greenhouse a kan gadaje "dumi": dung ko takin.
- Don na'urar da gadaje na datti, an ɗauki dungumar saniya, an ɗan ɗanɗana ta da taki. Yana yin ayyuka biyu lokaci ɗaya: ciyar da dumama. An sa taki a gado. Ana saukar da shimfidar ƙasa mai ƙoshin lafiya tare da tsawo na 20-25 cm akan gado An shayar da ruwa mai yawa. Tsaba za a iya dasa ba tare da shukawa ba. An rufe gado da filastik. Harbi zai bayyana a 'yan kwanaki. A lokacin lalata, taki yana haifar da adadin zafi. Wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar cucumbers, amma dole ne a kula da shi don tabbatar da cewa babu wani zafi. Ko da ƙananan ƙimar waje, a ƙarƙashin fim ɗin, zazzabi ya tashi sama da 30 ° C, yana isa kololuwa lokacin da aka fallasa zuwa hasken rana kai tsaye. Yawan zafin rana daga taki ya kai kimanin wata guda. Sannan zazzabi a hankali ya sauka. Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan lokacin yin lissafin lokacin sauka.
- Yadda za a shuka cucumbers a cikin greenhouse idan samun sabo taki yana da matsala? Suna zuwa hanya ta biyu ta shirya "gado mai ɗumi" - takin. Ana amfani da sharar gida kamar takin: sawdust, shavings, foliage, fi. Fresher da kwayoyin, sama da zazzabi sake. Idan za ta yiwu, ƙara taki da takaddun sunadarai na musamman waɗanda ke hanzarta lalacewar tsari. Tsarin gadaje yayi kama da dung, amma ya fi kyau a shuka irin abubuwan da aka shuka a cikin kofuna na peat. Sakin makamashi mai zafi a kan gadaje takin bai da ƙarfi kamar a kan gadaje na taki. Wannan hanyar ta fi karɓuwa ga yankuna masu ɗumi.
Zaɓin tsaba na kokwamba don greenhouse
Gwargwadon gyada na Greenhouse ya bambanta da waɗanda suka dace da girma a kan ƙasa. Waɗanda ke yin haƙuri da ƙarancin haske an zaɓi su da kyau. Muhimmin al'amari na biyu shine pollination. A lokacin rani, ƙudan zuma, bumblebees da sauran kwari masu rarrafe suna shawo kan sa a cikin gadaje buɗe. Kuma a cikin sanyin sanyi sun zo daga ko'ina. Kuna iya dasa tsire-tsire da hannu, amma wannan tsari yana da ƙwazo.
Mafi kyawun zabi shine tsaba na cucumbers don greenhouses kai pollinated:
- Malachite;
- Stella
- Biryusa;
- Lada.
Waɗannan 'ya'yan itace ne mai daɗewa. Sun yi haƙuri da rashin kyawun haske kuma sun dace da farkon dasa.
An ƙirƙiri nau'ikan tsire-tsire na Green na musamman don namo a Siber da tsakiyar Rasha. Wannan shi ne:
- Buyan;
- Ant
- Goosebumps;
- Bidretta
- Twixy
- Hally.
Domin dasa shuki dasa su ne mashahuri:
- M;
- VIR 516;
- Altai farkon 166.
Babban juriya ga rashin haske da danshi ana bambanta su da:
- Marta
- Rashanci;
- Gida;
- Relay tsere;
- Rykovsky;
- Regatta;
- Willow;
- NK mini.
Mafi kyawun nau'in cucumbers don greenhouses ana kuma la'akari da Gribovsky 2 da Mayu. Sun kai fruitan itace kwana 50 bayan ƙwayawar.
Shekaru 2-3 na shekaru suna da mafi kyawun tsiro. Kafin sauka, suna calibrated, suna cire fanko da marasa lafiya. Don lalata ƙwayoyin, an shirya maganin mai ruwa na boric acid na jan karfe da nitrophosphate. Ruwan Aloe shima ya dace da wannan dalilin. Tsaba suna yaduwa a kan zane mai laushi tare da bayani da kwankwadi na tsawon awanni 12. Bayan haka, an wanke su a ƙarƙashin ruwa mai gudana, suna yaduwa a kan rigar da aka sanya su kuma a sanya su a cikin firiji har mako guda don taurara. Yanayin zafin jiki mai wuya - 0 ° С. Gauze ana yin ruwa lokaci-lokaci.
Dokoki don kula da cucumbers a cikin greenhouse
A cikin greenhouses, hanyar seedling dasa cucumbers an fi amfani da su. Ya ba da amfanin gona a baya. Kafin dasa shuki a cikin greenhouse a kan gado, suna girma cikin ƙananan tukwane (kofuna waɗanda filastik za su yi). Abubuwan suna zurfafa zurfafa daga 2 cm, kuma an rufe kofin da rigar bushe a saman don kada ƙasa ta bushe. Kafin bayyanar harbe-harbe, ana kiyaye zafin jiki a +25 ° C. bayan tsiron ya bayyana, zazzabi ya ragu zuwa + 15 ° С a rana da +12 ° С da dare tsawon kwanaki 5. Watering da seedlings kowane sauran lokaci-lokaci kuma ciyar da wani bayani da saniya da taki a gwargwado na 1: 6.
Dasa akan gadaje ana yin sa ne a rana ta 25 bayan fitowar shuka. Tsarin dasa: tef na layi biyu-50x20 cm. Nisa tsakanin gadaje shine cm 80. Tsarin zafin jiki na yaduwar takin zamani a cikin + greenhouse ya kasance a + 25-30 ° C a rana da +15 ° C da dare.
Na farko ciyar da tsire-tsire ne da za'ayi tare da zuwan na gaskiya na uku ganye, na biyu - a farkon flowering. A lokacin lokacin fruiting, ana amfani da takin mai magani har sau 4. Bugu da ƙari ga saniya ko taki tsuntsu, ƙasa mai yashi na buƙatar takin nitrogen, da kuma ƙasa na buƙatar ambaliyar ruwa.
Kafin fure, ana yin watering kowace kwana 5, sannan kowane kwana 2. Koyaya, idan ganyayyaki ya zama launin toka, rarar yana buƙatar ƙara ƙaruwa. Don ban ruwa yi amfani da ruwa mai ɗumi.
Bayan kowace watering, m loosening na kasar gona ne da za'ayi. Wajibi ne don iska ta isa tushen kuma ta hana lalata. Gashi yana buƙatar samun iska ta yau da kullun. Tare da dumama, yakamata a buɗe shi gaba ɗaya kuma a rufe don daren.
Trellis sanye take da garter na cucumbers. An miƙa waya a kowane layi a tsayi na 2 m. Fiye da kowane tsire-tsire, an haɗa igiya a ciki. An ɗaure tsirrai a tsayin 10-15 cm daga ƙasa. Dole ne madauki ya zama ya kwance matsakaici tare da tsammanin thickening na tushe. Maɗaurin garter zai shiga cikin tushe kuma ya raunana abincin mai shuka.
Yayinda daji ke tsiro, ya kamata a kafa shi. Gefen lashes yana girma da ɓoye ƙwayar, kuma tushen tsarin da tushe ba su bayar da abinci mai kyau ga fruitsan itaciyar ba. Wannan yana rage yawan amfanin ƙasa. Processesananan matakai suna yaduwa bayan samuwar farkon ganye, waɗanda suka fi girma - a matakin 2-3 zanen gado.
Kayan hunturu
Idan a cikin bazara fim ɗin filastik zai iya samar da yanayin zazzabi, to girma cucumbers a cikin hunturu a cikin greenhouse ba shi yiwuwa ba tare da ƙarin dumama. Ana amfani da wadatar wuta da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan, amma ya kamata a ɗauka cikin zuciya cewa sun bushe iska, kuma wannan ya cutar da daskararren ƙauna na danshi. Don moisturize, ana sanya kwantena na ruwa a cikin ko'ina cikin lambun, kuma ana fesa tsire-tsire akai-akai daga bindiga da aka fesa.
Ko da mafi yawan m iri a cikin hunturu rashin hasken wuta. Matsakaicin da aka ba da shawarar wutar lantarki ta wucin gadi shine 400 W / m2. Kafin bayyanar utsan itacen, ana ci gaba da samun haske ne na kwanaki 2-3. Sama da tsire-tsire masu tasowa ne kawai, ana sanya fitilun a tsayin 50-60 cm kuma suna haskaka su na tsawon awanni 14 a rana. Kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, ana kashe hasken don kwana ɗaya. Yayin da tsire-tsire suke girma, fitilun sun tashi zuwa tsayi 1.5 m. Kyakkyawan haske yana dacewa da abubuwan da ke cikin sugars da ascorbic acid a cikin 'ya'yan itãcen.
Don samun amfanin gona a watan Disamba-Janairu, ana shuka iri a ƙarshen Satumba, kuma ana dasa shuki zuwa gadaje a ƙarshen Oktoba. Tarin farkon cucumbers a cikin huhu na ci gaba har zuwa Afrilu.
Cutar da kwari
Cututtuka sune babbar matsalar noman shinkafa na cucumbers. Mafi na kowa sune mildew foda da peronosporos.
1. Powdery mildew galibi yakan kaiwa tsire-tsire yayin dumama. Wannan cuta tana da haɗari kuma tana iya kashe cucumbers a fewan kwanaki. Ya bayyana a cikin hanyar powdery shafi akan ganye. Suna sauri juya launin rawaya da bushe. Don magance cutar, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta potassium, sulfaride, Tasirin shirye-shiryen 25%, ana amfani da Quadris 250 SC. A cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi, ana sarrafa cucumbers tare da sulfur na ƙasa.
2. Peronosporos yana bayyana kanta a cikin nau'i mai launin rawaya ko kore mai ganye akan ganyayyaki, wanda a hankali yayi duhu, ya zama launin ruwan kasa. Lokacin da aka gano wata cuta, sai an dakatar da shayarwa da ciyarwa. Don magani, ana amfani da mafita na chloroxide na jan ƙarfe ko polycarbacin. Fesa tare da tsari na fungicides shima yana da tasiri. Bayan sarrafawa, ana bada shawara don yin iska ta fitar da greenhouse. Tare da peronosporosis, yana da mahimmanci don kula da yanayin zafi a cikin rana ba a ƙasa da +20 ° C ba, yanayin dare ba ƙasa da +18 ° C ba.
Babban karin kwari na cucumbers sune aphids, ticks, thrips, wireworms. Ana amfani da kemikal a kansu: Confidor, Bi-58, Decis-Duplet da sauransu.
