Astilba

Astilbe suna cikin asalin tsirowar tsire-tsire na gandunan Saxifraga. A cewar bayanai daban-daban, wannan halittar tana hade da nau'ikan 18-40. 'Yar Scottish nerd ta ba da sunan Ubangiji Hamilton, "a" yana nufin "ba tare da," kuma "Stilbe" yana nufin "luster." Yana nufin cewa tsiron yana da fararen launuka marasa nauyi, mara nauyi. Haihuwar irin wannan shuka ita ce Arewacin Amurka, Gabas ta Asiya da tsibirin Japan. Astilba ta fi son yin girma tare da bankunan koguna, a cikin dazuzzukan daji, da kuma a wuraren da ake yawan ganin zafi a lokacin rani. Dankin ya je ƙasashen Turai daga Japan a ƙarshen 18th ko farkon karni na 19. Von Siebold da Karl Tunberg ne suka gabatar da su, wadanda mafarautan tsire-tsire ne na waje. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ya sami babban shahara a zaman kyakkyawan shuka ga lambunan Inuwa.

Siffofin astilbe

Wannan inji shi ne rhizome. Kafin hunturu, wani ɓangare na astilbe, wanda ke saman saman ƙasa, ya mutu. Tsawon harbe da ya kafa ya dogara da nau'in halitta da iri-iri kuma yana iya bambanta daga 8 zuwa 200 santimita. An samo faranti na ganye mai tsawon ganye duka mai sau biyu kuma sau biyu ko sau uku, ana iya sawa. Launinsu launin kore ne mai launin shuɗi ko duhu. Ruwan rhizome na huhu na iya zama mai laushi ko sako-sako (ya danganta da nau'in). A saman rhizome, sababbin farakoki suna fitowa a kowace shekara, tare da sannu a hankali yana mutuwa da ƙananan sashin. Girma a tsaye na shekara-shekara yana daidai da santimita 3-5, dangane da wannan, a cikin kaka, ana bada shawara ga yayyafa tare da ƙasa mai dausar da ɓangarorin rhizome da aka fallasa.

Openwork kananan furanni suna tattara a apical inflorescences. Ana iya fentin su a launin ja, ruwan hoda, fari, lilac da shunayya. Fulawa zai iya farawa daga watan Yuni zuwa Agusta. Hanyar inflorescences shine rhombic, paniculate, har da pyramidal. Wadancan nau'in halittun da suke da lalatattun bayanai na cikin jiki suna da inganci musamman. 'Ya'yan itacen suna wakilta ta hanyar akwati. Duk halittu sun rarrabu ta hanyar fure zuwa:

• farkon - kwanakin ƙarshe na Yuni, na farko - Yuli;
• matsakaici - Yuli;
• marigayi - Agusta.

Iri daban-daban na astilbe tare da hotuna da sunaye

Guda 10 zuwa 12 nau'ikan astilbe kawai suke horarwa. Amma yawancin nau'ikan wannan tsiro suna haifar da godiya ga masu shayarwa. A yau, akwai nau'ikan kusan 200. Kungiyoyin matasan da suka fi fice sune: Arends (Arendsii Hybrida), hybrids Jafananci (Japonica Hybrida), astilbe na kasar Sin (Astilbe Chinensis) da ire-irensa, har ma da astilbe ganye (Astilbe simplicifolia).

Arewancin Astilba

Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan 40 waɗanda aka Haifa saboda zaɓi na manyan nau'ikan - astilbe na Dauda, ​​tare da wasu nau'in. Yada lokacin farin ciki bushes iya isa mita mita. Tsarin su na iya zama dala ko sihiri, faranti masu launin kore ne masu duhu. Ana iya fentin inflorescences na ƙarshe a cikin lilac, ruwan hoda, fari ko ja. Fulawa tayi tsawon rai fiye da sauran nau'in daga Yuli zuwa Agusta na tsawon kwanaki 30-40. An bunkasa shi tun daga 1907. G. Arends ya kirkiro mafi kyawun sa. Mafi mashahuri sune astilbe Gloria, Diamond, Weiss Gloria, Rubin, Glut da sauran su .. Dajin Diamant na iya kaiwa mita 0.9 a tsayi, kuma Weiss Gloria, Amethyst da Rubin - mita 0.8. Abubuwan da Weiss inflorescences na Gloria da Gloria suke da lu'u-lu'u, kuma Gluta, Diamond da Rubin sun firgita.

Astilba Sinanci

Tsawon daji zai iya bambanta daga santimita 100 zuwa 110. Faranti na farantin ganye suna da tsintsaye masu tsayi da kuma girma, kuma ƙananan furannin furanni masu buɗe baki suna da gajerun petioles. Tsawon m inflorescences ne daga 30 to 35 santimita. Launin ƙananan furanni, a matsayin mai mulkin, shine lilac, amma an samo fari da ruwan hoda. Girma tun daga shekarar 1859. Akwai siffofin da ba su da girma (var. Pumila hort.), Tsayinsu ya kai santimita 15-25, haka kuma siffofin da ke dauke da siffa masu kamannin yanayi sun bambanta. Taquetii. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna jin girma a wurare masu haske. Yawancin nau'ikan da suka fi dacewa sune: Astilbe chinensis taquetii "Purpurlanze" - launi mai ban mamaki na lilac, Astilbe chinensis "Vision in Pink" - launin ruwan hoda, Astilbe chinensis (Pumila Hybrida) "Haske a cikin Ja" - launin shuɗi mai duhu.

Astilba Jafananci

Tsawon m bushes ba ya wuce mita 0.8. Farantin takardar faranti yawanci ornamental ne. Farin furanni fari ko ruwan hoda ana tattara su cikin tsoro. Flowering fara a baya fiye da sauran nau'in, yayin da ko da bushewar inflorescences zai zama abin ado na ban mamaki kuma ya wuce har zuwa ƙarshen kaka. Nuna tun daga 1837. Wanda ya kirkiro nau'ikan farko shine G. Arends. Nau'in zamani suna tsayayya da sanyi, kuma suna ɗaukar tushe daidai. Mafi mashahuri sune: Deutschland (Astilbe japonica Rheinland) - fari, Rhineland (Astilbe japonica Rheinland) - tare da kyawawan furanni masu ruwan hoda, Turai (Astilbe japonica Turai) - tsire mai kyawawan furanni tare da furannin Lilac furanni, Montgomery (Astilbe japonica Montgomery) - nata firgita inflorescences ana fentin cikin burgundy ko cikakken ja.

Astilba

Leaf hybrids (Hybrida) da Thunberg hybrids (Thunbergii Hybrida) suna amsa mummunar cutar ƙarancin zafi da zafi. Tsawon bushes zai iya bambanta daga 20 zuwa 50 santimita. Da kyau sosai inflorescences ba da shuka airiness. Mafi ban mamaki iri: Praecox Alba - tare da sako-sako da inflorescences na farin launi, Bronze Elegans - da iri-iri samu da sunan saboda ganye faranti na tagulla launi tare da kodadde ruwan hoda inflorescences, Straussenfeder - daji tsawo 0.9 m, da inflorescences na murjani launi, Farfesa van der Wielen - yana da farin inflorescences kuma nasa ne ga Thunberg hybrids.

Girma astilba daga tsaba

Astilba za a iya yaduwa tare da taimakon tsaba, kamar yadda za a raba daji ko raba rhizome tare da koda. Fulatan furanni ba tare da ƙwarewa ba, galibi suna komawa ne ga hanyoyin ciyayi. Koyaya, hanyar iri ne kawai yake ba da izinin ƙirƙirar sababbin nau'ikan. Shuka tsaba samar a watan Maris. Don saukowa, kuna buƙatar tanki mai fadi, wanda ya kamata ya zama santimita 15. An cika shi da cakuda, wanda ya haɗa da yashi da peat, waɗanda aka ɗauka a daidai sassan. Ana zubar da dusar ƙanƙara na daskararren santimita a bisa ƙasa. A cikin taron cewa babu dusar ƙanƙara a kan titi, zaku iya buga ta a cikin injin firiji. An rarraba tsaba a kai tsaye a kan dusar dusar ƙanƙara, wanda ke narkewa, yana ɗaukar su tare da zurfi cikin substrate. Na gaba, tsaba suna buƙatar buƙatar ɓatattu. Don yin wannan, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta narke gabaɗaya, dole ne a sanya akwati a cikin jaka, wanda ya kamata ya zama amintacce, sannan a saka kan shiryayyen firiji. A can, akwati ya kamata ta kasance har sai seedlings sun bayyana (kimanin makonni 3). Sannan a tsabtace kwandon a wuri mai cike da hasken wuta mai zafi 18 zuwa 22. Wajibi ne a shayar da tsire-tsire a hankali, in ba haka ba zasu mutu. Don haka, zuba ruwa ya zama na musamman a ƙarƙashin tushe, kuma zaku iya allurar dashi daga sirinji kai tsaye cikin substrate. Bayan bayyanar faranti 2 na ainihi 2 a cikin tsirrai, suna buƙatar a dasa su cikin tukwane daban.

Saukowa

Shuka astilbe abu ne mai sauqi, babban abu shine a kula dashi da kyau. Irin wannan shuka ana shuka su ne a cikin ƙasa a cikin watan Mayu ko Yuni. Wurin da ya dace yakamata ya kasance a gefen arewa na ginin, kuma ya kamata ya girgiza bushes ko bishiyoyi. Ya kamata a lura cewa wasu nau'ikan zasu iya girma a cikin wuraren da ke da rana, yayin da za'a bambanta ciyawarsu ta wurin yalwar sa, amma ba ya dadewa. Yayi kyau idan zaku iya sanya astilbe a kusa da wurin waha ko maɓallin ruwa. Kasar Loamy cikakke ce, yayin da ruwan karkashin kasa yakamata ya faɗi kusa da ƙasa mai kyau. Acidity mai dacewa shine pH 5.5-6.5. An ba da shawarar Astilba don sauka tare da runduna. Gaskiyar ita ce masu runduna ba su ƙone ƙasa ta bushe da sauri kuma suna yin zafi sosai a kwanakin zafi.

Kafin yin saukowa, kuna buƙatar shirya shafin. Don yin wannan, tono sama ƙasa kuma cire duk ciyawa sako tare da asalinsu. Bayan haka, ciyawar da aka rotted, takin ko peat rotted (1 murabba'i 2 2 na takin) ana gabatar da su a cikin ƙasa. Zurfin da fadi daga ramin saukowa ya bambanta daga 20 zuwa 30 santimita, yayin da nisa na santimita 30 dole ne a kiyaye shi tsakanin shinge. A cikin kowane rami zuba ½ kopin itace ash, da 1 babban cokali na taki ma'adinai. Bayan wannan, ramuka ya kamata a shayar da kyau. Lokacin dasa shuki, ana sanya shuka ta wannan hanyar cewa an binne budaddiyar girma a cikin ƙasa da aƙalla 4-5 santimita. Zuba adadin ƙasa da ake buƙata a cikin ramin ka yanka shi. Sa'an nan kuma an yayyafa ƙasa ƙasa da wani yanki na ciyawa (peat ko humus), kauri wanda yake daga santimita 3 zuwa 5.

Siffofin aikin lambu

Ya kamata a tuna cewa astilbe yana da fasali ɗaya, shine, rhizome sannu a hankali yana girma zuwa sama, yayin da ƙananan sashinsa ya mutu tare da lokaci. Wannan yana nuna cewa bayan wani lokaci daji bazai iya cin abinci ba, saboda haka yana da mahimmanci don spud dashi cikin lokaci. Ka bar kasar ta bushe. Irin wannan shuka yana buƙatar shayarwa na yau da kullun. Koyaya, mulching na iya taimakawa wajen sa ruwa ya zama sannu a hankali kuma zai iya rage ciyawar sako, haka kuma daga kwancewar kasar gona, kuma har yanzu yana hana tsarin tushen daga zafi. Yawancin shayarwa ya bambanta daga matsakaici zuwa babba, kuma wannan ya dogara kai tsaye akan nau'in, gami da nau'in daji. Amma a lokaci guda, dole ne mu tuna cewa lokacin da samuwar inflorescences ya faru, ya kamata a shayar da daji cikin tsari da yalwa. A lokacin bushewa, ana aiwatar da shayarwa sau 2 a rana, ko kuma hakan, da safe da maraice.

Manyan miya

A wuri guda, ana iya girma fure daga shekaru 5 zuwa 7. Amma a cikin waɗancan, idan an samar da Astilbe ta hanyar da ta dace da kulawa mai kyau, kamar yadda ake ciyar da ita ta hanyar da ta dace, za ta iya yin har zuwa shekaru 20 ba tare da dasawa ba. Tsararren shirin ciyar da astilba:

1. A cikin bazara, dole ne a ƙara takin mai magani a cikin ƙasa. Don wannan, an gabatar da humus a yayin tsaunin dutse.
2. A tsakiyar watan Yuni, shuka yana buƙatar taki potash. Don yin wannan, ana ɗaukar 500 ml na bayani wanda ya ƙunshi guga na ruwa da manyan cokali 2 na potassium nitrate a 1 daji.
3. Lokacin da furanni ya ƙare, za a buƙaci taki da ke ƙunshe da sinadarin phosphorus. Don daji 1, an dauki gram 20 na superphosphate.

Lokacin da aka ciyar da shuka, ciyawar ƙasa dole ne a kwance ta kuma mulched.

Karin kwari

A cikin irin wannan shuka da aka gabatar, babban karin kwari ya kasance a wuraren da ya fito. A tsakiyar latitudes, gall da Strawry nematodes, da pennies masu satar abubuwa, na iya cutar da shi. A lokaci guda, pennies sun fi so su shirya a cikin sinuses na ganye. A lokaci mai tsawo, ƙoshin kumfa na ɓoye a cikinsu, yayin da su kuma cicadas a ciki suke. Leaf faranti fara wrinkle kuma tsokoki na launin rawaya suna bayyana a kansu. Kwayar cutar da ta kamu da ita a gefe ɗaya ko gaba ɗaya ta ragu Don warwatsa irin wannan kwaro, zaku iya amfani da mai amsar sirri, mai kaho, karbofos ko actar.

Strawberry nematode zaune a kan farantin ganye, buds da furanni na shuka, bayan haka suna lalata, da kuma bayyanar necrotic spots na launin ruwan kasa ko launin rawaya. Bunkasar Bush ya zama da hankali.

Ganyen nematode suna zaune a kan tushen tsirrai, yayin da kananan kananun (tsiro) suka bayyana a farfajiyar su, kuma nematode suke a ciki. A cikin girma na biyu, an riga an rarrabe abubuwa da yawa. Haɓakawa da fure na irin wannan bushes ɗin suna da rauni sosai, kuma a wasu lokuta mutuwarsu tana faruwa. Yi hankali da bincika bushes da waɗanda akan su akwai alamun alamun cutar, kuna buƙatar tono da halaka. Yana da mahimmanci a gudanar da weeding dace a farkon girma. Tsarin tushen shuka da ke tsiro a karo na biyu na ciyayi ya nutsar da ciyawa da kanta. Ku ciyar da astilbe magani tare da Fitoverm.

Bayan fure

Bayan fure, ana bada shawara don barin busassun inflorescences akan daji, saboda zasu yi ado wa lambun ku da kamannun su na dogon lokaci. Koyaya, kafin hunturu, harbe na astilbe suna buƙatar yanke don su kasance daidai da matakin ƙasa. Yayyafa yankin tare da dunƙule na ciyawa, kuma wannan dole ne a yi idan an dasa shuki a cikin bushes kwanan nan yayin rarrabuwar rhizome. Tare da taimakon rarrabuwa, zaku iya farfado da shuka, yayin da yake da daraja a la'akari da cewa tsohuwar daji, da wuya ya raba tushen sa. An bada shawara don rarrabe a farkon lokacin bazara, tare da toho na girma akan kowane rarrabuwa. An dasa astilba ta wannan hanyar yana farawa a cikin shekara guda. Irin wannan bushes don wintering dole ne a yayyafa tare da ciyawa, yayin da idan an yi juyawa a cikin kaka, to an bada shawarar rufe su da rassan spruce, wanda zai kare su daga kaka, hunturu da damuna.