Kwararrun sun danganta wannan shuka ga dangin mai sucker, wanda ya hada da buckthorn teku, golf na azurfa da makiyayi. Gabas Asiya ana ɗaukarsa mahaifar Multiflora ne.Ya yadu sosai a Japan, China, Korea, da kuma ƙasashen Tsakiyar Asiya. Jafananci sun kawo haɓaka mai yawa zuwa Sakhalin a ƙarshen 19 - farkon karni na 20. Lokaci guda (a cikin 40 na karni na karshe), an dauki wannan shuki a karkashin kulawar ma'aikatan kimiyya na cibiyar binciken hadaddiyar aikin gona na Sakhalin, kuma a Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kimiyya ta Sakhalin kadai tarin kwayoyin da aka kirkira aka kirkira a Rasha, wanda aka bambanta da yawancin nau'ikan wannan nau'in. A halin yanzu, babban mai shayarwa ya fara samun nasara ta hanyar lambu mai son a cikin Yankin Moscow, Krasnodar Territory, Chelyabinsk, Vladimir da Novgorod, Birobidzhan, Altai da Primorsky Territories, Bashkir da Tatar Republic, a cikin Baltic States da Ukraine - ko'ina, daga Donetsk zuwa Lvov.
Ya kamata a lura cewa babban abin yabo a cikin rarraba wannan shuka a cikin wadannan yankuna nasa ne, ba shakka, ba ga kowane nau'in cibiyoyin bincike na aikin gona ba, wato, mashaya lambu-masu sha'awar bunkasa sabbin abubuwa, wani lokacin ma wasu tsirrai a cikin gidajensu. Su ne ke ɗaukar 'yanci da kulawa da ƙwarewa game da aikin gona na haɓaka, suna dacewa da wani yanki na yanayi da ƙasa, don daga baya su shawarci sauran masu lambu akan hanyoyin ingantaccen tsarin noman. Don haka, suna ba mu shawara a wannan yanayin da za mu shuka wani nau'in ƙwayar goro, da zaran ƙwal yana da yawa, wannan shine, a ra'ayinsu, ingantaccen gumi.
Daji na loch yana da yawa. © DalgialFa'idodin gumi.
Fruitsa Itsanta na ɗauke da abubuwa masu amfani da yawa waɗanda ba kawai sautin jikin ɗan adam ba ne, har ma suna rage tsufarsa. A cewar masana kimiyya, 'ya'yan ito na gumi na musamman ne a cikin cewa suna dauke da muhimman amino acid bakwai ga mutum. A Japan, waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da daraja sosai kuma ana amfani da su sosai don inganta tsarin cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Amma babban dalilin su shine abincin abinci mai-bitamin-ma'adinai, musamman da aka ba da shawarar ga ƙananan Japanesean Jafananci kuma ƙaunar su ta musamman. Da yawa daga cikin kwararrunmu sun yi imanin cewa har yanzu ma'anar gumi a ƙasarmu ba ta sami isasshen rarrabawa ba, yadda ya cancanci hakan, amma wannan lamari ne na lokaci: a cikin mahalli yanayi mai mahimmanci, mutane za su ƙara buƙatar wadataccen samfuran bitamin na ƙoshin lafiya, wanda a cikin yanayin binciken ana iya samun sa amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa, ganye, mai tushe har ma da tushen wannan shuka.
Berries na gumi, babban sucker At Tatters 
Berries na gumi, babban sucker © Ishikawa Ken Gumi, ko mai ruwa mai dumbin yawa, yana da ikon ɗaure 'ya'yan itace a sakamakon kai-tsaye, kodayake, an lura cewa yawan amfanin gonar yayi sama lokacin da akwai irin waɗannan tsire-tsire kusa. Gumi yana da ado sosai a lokacin furanni, furanninsa suna da yawa, ƙwanƙwasa-kamshi tare da ƙanshin musamman kuma mai daɗi wanda ke jan ƙudan zuma. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu haske ne ja, masu haske da ɗigon azirfa. Su masu sauki ne tara, kamar yadda suke a haɗe zuwa da harbe by dogon na bakin ciki stalks. A matsayinka na mai mulki, siffar 'ya'yan itacen sigar silima ce har zuwa 2 cm tsayi kuma kusan 1 cm a diamita, tare da daskararren ja mai duhu da ƙashi a ciki. Ana iya cinye 'ya'yan itatuwa na Gumi sabo (a matsayin kayan zaki), daskararre kuma an yi wa ado da kayan kwalliya a cikin hunturu, da bushe da amfani da kayan ado ko infusions. Kuna iya yin samfuran sarrafa bakin-ruwa mai yawa daga fruitsa ofan itaciyar mai yawan ruwa-waɗannan su ne abubuwan adanawa, 'ya'yan itaciyar mai haske, mai ɗanɗano jelly, ruwan' ya'yan itace mai ɗorewa kuma, wanda yake mahimmanci ga masoya giya, mai ƙarfi kuma mai daɗi don ɗanɗano giya.
Shuka, haifuwa da kulawa.
Wasu suna ɗaukan gumi wata shuka ce mara ma'ana a duka dangane da yanayin hunturu da kuma iyawar ta. Wasu sun gaskata cewa ya fi kyau ku ɓoye shuka daga sanyi lokacin sanyi, musamman ma a farkon shekarun haɓakarta. Gumi "ya fita" lokacin sanyi na Mayu, wanda ke faruwa a yankuna da yawa na Rasha, saboda yana fure ne kawai a tsakiyar watan Yuni kuma yana fure har tsawon wata guda. Furen furanni na iya zama fari, launin shuɗi-mai-tsami ko tsami. Lokacin sanya shuka a rana ko a ƙarƙashin kambi na bishiyoyi, yakan ba da 'ya'yan itace kowace shekara, amma yawan amfanin ƙasa ya fi girma, ƙasa da an aske shi.
Reshe na goof multiflorum tare da berries. AbrahamiHakanan ana ba da bayanin rikice-rikice game da yaduwar gumi: wasu suna ganin ya fi kyau su yada shi ta hanyar tsaba, suna haɗarin asarar halayensu waɗanda aka samu a baya ta shuka, yayin da wasu suke ba da shawarar haifuwa ta hanyar sanya farashi. Duk da haka wasu sun sayi tsire-tsire, kamar yadda suke faɗi - ba tare da matsala ba, a cikin wuraren gandun daji, amma, a hadarin sayi wani abu da ba a so daga duka ɗabi'ar masu nasara. Na huxu ya tona asirinsu na yaduwar gumi ta hanyar qage. Da alama cewa lambu mai son, idan suna so da himma, zasu sami isasshen zaɓuɓɓuka don gwaji.
Tsarin iri
Yaduwar tsaba gumi ba mai wahala bane, kamar yadda masu son magadan suka fada. Don kauce wa stratification, suna bayar da shawarar shuka iri a cikin fall a cikin ƙasa bude, inda za su sha shirye-shiryen na halitta don shuka kuma a cikin bazara za ta yi toho. Akwai sake dubawa na wasu lambu har yanzu a kan matalauta germination na gumi tsaba.
Yankan
Propagated da cuttings bayar da shawarar kore, yankan su 7-10 cm tsawo daga gefen harbe na shekara ta yanzu. An yanke saman gado biyu a rabi. Yanke tare da diddige suna ɗaukar tushe mafi kyau. Yana da kyau a bi da tsintsiyar tare da abubuwan motsa jiki (heteroauxin, acid naphthylacetic, da sauransu). Yanke suna da kyau a cikin yashi mai laushi a ƙarƙashin fim tare da kulawa na yau da kullun na watanni 1.5 zuwa 2. A wannan yanayin, yakamata a sami isasshen haske, amma hasken rana kada ya faɗi akan itacen.
Sake bugun ta hanyar sanya farashi.
A kan kurmi na gumi, an zaɓi rassa waɗanda ke kan gaba zuwa ƙasa. A ƙarƙashin ƙaramin da aka shirya, ana zubar da dunƙulen humus ɗin humus har zuwa cm 5. Tare da wuka mai kaifi, ana yin juji da haushi daga reshen, wanda sannan aka fesa tare da Kornevin. An buga reshen a wurare da yawa tare da zoben waya kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa. Game da reshe mai taurin kai, zaku iya latsa shi da wani nau'in kaya har sai ya daɗe da ɗaukar matsayinsa mai nauyi zuwa ƙasa. Don kyakkyawan rooting, ya kamata a kiyaye ƙasa sosai a cikin lokacin girbi. Ana yin wannan aikin bayan mun girbe. Shekarar mai zuwa, a ƙarshen Mayu - farkon watan Yuni, an cire layering a hankali daga studs, an tono su kuma an bincikar kasancewar tushen sa. An yanke shingen daga daji ta hanyar siriri kuma an rarraba su zuwa seedlings. Duk da tushen da aka shuka akan su, ana bada shawarar shuka tsiro a cikin kwantena daban (tukwane) har sai kwantena sun cika da asalinsu. Ya kamata a girgiza tsire-tsire.
Daji daga cikin goof multiflora a lokacin fure. © KENPEISaukowa da kulawa
Soilasa don gumi tana buƙatar tsaka tsaki, inji ba ya son wuce haddi na acidity. Dasa mafi kyau an yi shi a farkon bazara ko ƙarshen faɗuwar rana, lokacin da ƙasa ke jika. A bu mai kyau don yin nisa tsakanin bushes 2-3 mita, da dasa rami har zuwa rabin mita zurfi. Ya kamata a shigar da cakuda ƙasa mai ma'ana tare da takin, humus da yashi a cikin ramin, kuma yakamata a yi magudanar pebbles ko wasu kayan a ƙasa. A bu mai kyau don ƙara 30 g da takin mai magani na nitrogen, 200 g na superphosphate da har zuwa 700 g na katako na itace a cikin cakuda ƙasa. Tare da kara kulawa da gumi, kayan miya ma dole ne.
Muna tunatar da ku cewa kodayake wasu yan lambu sunyi la'akari da gumi a matsayin tsire-tsire marasa fassara, ciki har da waɗanda ba sa jin tsoron sanyi, amma duk da haka ya kamata su rufe waɗannan tsire-tsire don hunturu, kamar yadda muke yi da wardi da inabi, musamman ma a farkon shekarun ci gaban su. Dankin ya fara bada 'ya'ya da wuri. Lokacin da yake shekara biyar, daji zai iya samar da kilogram 4 na 'ya'yan itace, kuma a kan lokaci, tare da fasaha mai kyau na aikin gona, yawan amfanin gonar na iya tashi zuwa kilo 30. Bushan daji ba ya buƙatar mummunar farfadowa, yana ba da 'ya'ya a wuri guda har zuwa shekaru 25.
Kamar yadda kake gani, gumi ya cancanci jan hankalin lambu saboda irin wadatar da aka lissafa a sama. Muna muku fatan alkhairi a cikin nasarar wannan al'adar a gidajen ku na rani!
