Fuskar Venus na fure - daga tayin orchids. Akwai wata tatsuniya da allahn ƙauna na Venus ya sanya takalma masu kyau sosai. Kyakkyawa sa takalmi ne kawai daga furanni na musamman. Gaskiya ne ko a'a, amma furanni suna girma a duk faɗin duniya waɗanda ke kama da nau'in takalmi a sifa, kuma sun cancanci ƙafafun alloli cikin kyakkyawa. Sauran tsire-tsire da za a iya samu a cikin gandun daji na Primorye za a tattauna a wannan labarin. Wadannan furanni fure a cikin watan Mayu kuma suna da matukar inganci kuma kyakkyawa, dangi ya rabu cikin wani nau'in halittar da ake kira Venus slipper.
Iyalin furanni na sutturar siyarwa na Venus (Cypripedium) suna da nau'ikan sama da 50 waɗanda ke girma a nahiyoyin Amurka, Turai da Asiya daga fadadawar tundra zuwa subtropics. Flora na Rasha yana da jinsuna biyar, wanda nau'i uku ne suka girma a Primorye. Dukkanin tsire-tsire suna cikin jeri na Red Book of Russia da Terimorsky Territory. Teku a cikin tekun "orchid na arewa", wataƙila, kamar dukkan kyawawan abubuwa, an ba shi halayyar taurin kai, fure ne kawai a shekara ta goma sha takwas na rayuwa, kuma yana da ƙamshin ruwan wari mai ɗaci-mara dadi. A cikin daji, fure-fure na dan kankanin lokaci. Gaskiya ne, wannan ita ce kaɗai kariya ga waɗanda suke son mallaka ta.
A cikin botany, an rubuta wannan nau'in furanni kamar Cypripedium, kalma tana haɗuwa da maganganu guda biyu na Girkawa na Cyprus - Cyprus (wanda aka haɗa da ɗayan almara na allolin da aka haifa da kurar teku - Aphrodite kusa da Cyprus, saboda haka sunan Cyprus - "cypress born" da pedilon - "sandal") . A cikin Tarihin Tarihin Romawa, Aphrodite da Venus sune almara guda, don haka sunan asalin tsiron - "Siffar Venus".
Hoto da sikandire na Venus
Hoto mara nauyi na Venus
"Siffar Venus" babbar-fure, mazauni da haɓaka. Wannan nau'in orchid yana da wuya sosai, amma ana samun sa a cikin gandun daji a gabashin yankin Turai na Rasha, haka ma a kudancin dazuzzukan Siberiya, arewa maso gabashin Kazakhstan, a cikin tsaunukan Mongolia, China da kuma gandun daji na Japan.
Siffar Venus na nufin perenni. A shuka yana da creeping rhizome, daga abin da ɓullo da cibiyar sadarwa na tsawon Tushen diverges, a mike stalk. Furanni suna da yawa, sun kai diamita na 6 - 8 santimita, akasari yana da launi mai launin shuɗi tare da gudanawar rasberi.
Sauran launuka na takalmin venus an kuma sanannu: violet - ruwan hoda tare da farin ko lebe mai ruwan hoda; tsabta fari tare da ruwan hoda na ruwan hoda; yellowish tare da kore veins. A cikin babban fure, akwai stamens 2, jumla na uku ya girma, yana rufe "ƙofar" zuwa fure. A cikin yanayin yanayi, ko kuma lokacin da ya fara ruwan sama, furanni yakan ɓoye a ƙarƙashin ganye don ruwa ya cika kwanon furannin. Amma har yanzu, dropsan saukad dew, wanda aka cakuda shi da ruwan da aka kasafta, koyaushe suna ƙasan kwanar fure, wacce ke jan ƙudan zuma da kwari iri-iri.
Ƙudan zuma "Kamawa"
Nunin bayanin sifa maraice
An yi imanin cewa mafi kusancin dangi na orchid shine kamar Lily, amma furanni suna kama da juna kawai saboda suna da adadin lambobi - shida. Amma idan Lily tana da ganyen fure, to orchid yana da tsari daban daban. Furen ya canza sifar sa, ya zama mai matukar kyau ga kwari da ƙudan zuma, yana samar da yanayi mai kyau don pollination. Ofaya daga cikin waɗannan canje-canjen ƙayayyen itace ne mai daɗewa, wanda ya zama "wurin saukar da ƙasa" wanda ya kasance yana da matukar wahala ga mai iya yin pollinator ya tashi.
Ana kiran wannan petal lebe. Ga ƙudan zuma da kwari, lebe yana kama da sauƙi mai sauƙi a kan maganin farantin, wanda shima ya yanke ƙanshin mai daɗi. Amma da zarar kwaro ya huda shi, don isa zuwa dajin da ke da kyau a cikin kwano, ya zama dole don shiga cikin furen tare da matattarar hanya.
Bayan cin abinci mai daɗi, don dawowa, kwari zai zama abin ƙazanta ko'ina. Fita daga cikin kunkuntar fure, kwari ya fara bulbula a cikin fure, kuma yin hakan ba tare da taɓa ƙyamar fure da barin pollen daga wasu flowersanyen furanni ba, kuma baya tattara pollen daga kansa, kusan ba zai yuwu ba.
Abinda ya fi ban mamaki shi ne cewa an fara shafawa ne don sanya pollination daga wata shuka, kuma a sannan ne, a yayin da ake fita daga fure, kwari ne ke tara pollen akan kanta, don haka a cire yiwuwar fitar da pollination.
Yadda pollination ke faruwa
Siffar Venus a cikin Littafin Jan
Samun irin wannan na'urar mai launi mai ƙanshi mai ƙamshi mai ƙanshi kamar "saukowa" akan babban fure, ɓoyayyen ganyayyaki yana jawo mummunar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta: ƙwayar cuta mai ban sha'awa ta halitta tare da ƙudan zuma na ƙwayoyin Andrena. Esudan zuma kamar cewa akwai da yawa nectar a cikin fure, kuma fure ta saba da gaskiyar cewa ƙwayar shaggy tana ɗaukar fitsarinta fiye da kowa. Bayan saukowa daga lebe, kudan zuma ta matse cikin kunkuntar sashin fure inda ta sake tsinke kanta da nectar, gindin furannin suna laushi kuma kudan zuma ya fada a cikin fure, yayi wanka a cikin nectar. Kwaro da yake jika an hana su tashi na ɗan lokaci ikon tashi.
Bayan ƙoƙarin da yawa don cirewa, ƙwayar da ta ƙare ta fahimci cewa mai yiwuwa ne kawai ku fashe daga cikin fure. Ganin wani karamin rami mai ceton, wanda ke ƙarƙashin ɗaya biyu, ya fara rarrafewa daga ɗaukar hoto, da ganyen takalmi mai ƙwanƙwasa, an hana shi launin fata a cikin wannan wuri, yana nuna kwari inda yake buƙatar buɗa.
Zabi wani kunkuntar rami, kudan zuma da farko ta taɓa masifar mafarki, barin barin fure da aka kawo daga wasu furanni akan shi. Kafin fitowar, kudan zuma ya taɓa anhs na biyu, wanda ke yayyafa shi da fitsarinsu. Tun da ya tashi daga kan leɓen leɓen, kwari bai iya kashewa na ɗan wani lokaci, amma da ƙyar ya bushe ya huta, sai kudan zuma ta tashi zuwa takalmin Venus na gaba, inda ake sake maimaita wasan.
Bayan hadi, orchid har yanzu yana riƙe da hasken zanen don kwanaki 2 zuwa 4. Wanda ya kasance ba shi da tsintsiyar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta mara tsabta zai iya jira na tsawon wata ɗaya ko fiye. A cikin furanni da aka yanke ana ajiye su na kimanin makonni biyu. Siffar Venus ta fara juyawa daga tsakiyar Mayu zuwa Yuni.
Farfadowa daga tsalle-tsalle na orchid
Orchid Venus slipper
'Ya'yan itacen da aka shuka itace ƙarama ne mai cike da ƙuraje masu ƙura. Abubuwan suna ƙanana kaɗan har zuwa tsakiyar ƙarni na 16, masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa orchids basu da tsaba, akwatinan suna ɗauke da ƙura kawai. Suchaya daga cikin irin wannan ƙwayar ƙura ta yi nauyi na dubu ɗaya na gram, kuma fiye da rabin iri suna ɗauke da iska. Wannan yana bawa tsaba orchid damar tashi nesa nesa da iska ke haddasawa.
Amma daga cikin tsaba miliyan da ke ƙunshe cikin akwati ɗaya, ya fito, biyu kawai - uku, kuma kawai idan ya faɗi cikin yanayin da ya dace.
Gaskiyar ita ce tsaba ba su da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, kuma 'ya'yan itacen da kansu ke ci gaba. Irin wannan yar yar karamar kwayar cuta ba zata iya samar da yanayi na shuka ba. Sabili da haka, suna buƙatar symbiosis na halitta tare da mycelium na tsire-tsire masu daskarewa (mycelium sigar jiki mai ɗorewa daga naman gwari da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa, wanda ke samar da abinci mai gina jiki da kuma damar iya fitar da jikin fruiting na naman gwari).
Wannan irin nau'in naman kaza ne kamar: armillaria, corticle, xerotus, rhizoctonia. Don zuriyar orchid ta tsiro, yana buƙatar samun zuwa wani wuri inda tushen tsarin waɗannan fungi ya taso, bayan ya saka kansa cikin tushen tsarin mycelium na naman gwari, ciyawar orchid kuma tayi girma a ƙasa tsawon shekaru 4-5 kafin ganye na farko ya bayyana a farfajiya. Kafin launi na farko, tsire-tsire suna samun ƙarfi a kusa da shekaru 17-18. A lokacin namo, an rage lokacin farkon furanni zuwa shekaru 10.
Itace mai narkewa ta jiki tana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Don haɓaka wannan nau'in orchid, ana buƙatar ƙasa mai laushi, amma ba tare da tsauraran ruwa ba. Sabili da haka, ya fi kyau zaɓi mafi tsayi ko ƙananan haɓaka. Orchid da ke kusa da ciyayi da tushen bishiyoyi masu girma baza su iya yin haƙuri ba. Abinda zai magance wannan matsalar shine garkuwar da aka tono a cikin ƙasa kamar akwati mai tsayi da 25 - 35 santimita, yin irin wannan shinge ƙarƙashin ƙasa shine mafi kyau ga kowane orchid dabam.
Harshen shinge zai taimaka kare slipper daga buga tushen orchids daga tsire-tsire makwabta. Ga germination na matasa orchids, ya kuma fi kyau a tono karamin akwati tare da damar 15 - 20 lita a cikin ƙasa. Bayan shekaru 3-4, lokacin da tsiron ya bayyana, suna buƙatar dasa shi zuwa inda zasu girma gaba.
Siffar Venus ba ta son ciyawar da takin ƙasa, a ciki akwai takin gargajiya da ma'adinai.
Furen 'yar tsalle-tsalle mai ɗorewa tana ma'amala da kyanta
A gare su, ya fi dacewa don isar da humus daga gandun daji, mafi kyawun itacen oak da tsire-tsire. Kuna iya ƙara lalatar katako mai ruɓi, tsaka tsakin peat, gansakuka - sphagnum ga wannan ƙasa, kuma yashi perlite a cikin adadin 10 - 20% an ƙara don inganta tsarin ƙasa.
Tushen takalmin zoɓe ba ya da zurfi a cikin ƙasa kuma ya kunshi ɗaya kauri ɗaya daga tushen tsiro daga madaidaiciyar rhizome. Tushen suna da halayyar warin namomin kaza. Partasan ɓangare na orchid ya mutu a cikin faɗuwa, amma, a nan ne tushen ke sa ruwan ya kwarara cikin duniya na dogon lokaci, don haka ana buƙatar kulawa da su. A cikin kaka, “kafin hunturu”, ya fi kyau ku ɗauki matakan don ruwansu, saboda wannan zaku iya ciyawa duniya da ganye, ko kuma rufe kayan rufe. Tun da tushen yana kusa da saman don kada ya lalata su, babu abin da ake buƙatar yi tare da ƙasa.
