Na dogon lokaci da nesa da kan iyakar Caucasus, wurin shakatawa na gonar innabi na Tsinandal a Georgia ya shahara. Ana iya ganin abubuwa da yawa masu ban sha'awa a cikin wannan kusurwa ta musamman, wanda aka kirkira a ƙarshen karni na ƙarshe ta ƙwararren malamin fasahar aikin lambun A. A. Regel. Amma duk tsire-tsire masu tsayi waɗanda aka tattara a nan daga ƙasashe sama da 25, kyawawan gine-ginen filin shakatawa har ma da vivarium tare da deer da deer, peacocks da sauran dabbobi da tsuntsaye masu ƙyalli suna shiga bango lokacin da kuka sami kanku a cikin dakin binciken kore na I.G. Khmaladze.
Yew (Taxus)Kimanin kwata na ƙarni na baya, wani ɗalibi na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Irakli Khmaladze ya zo nan.Ya kasance yana da damuwar gaske don dawo da inganta abubuwan da ke wurin shakatawa, don wadatar da tsiro tare da baƙi daga ƙasashen waje. Amma a lokacin da ya fi dacewa, mai kishin kasada yana ci gaba da '' tsarin rikon-gado ''. A nan katon maciji mai shimfiɗa ya shimfiɗa a kan ciyawa, tare da fadi daɗaɗɗen bakin bakin, wani damisa mai iska yana ɗan huɗa nesa, kare mai katsewa da beyar bears mai sanyi a nan kusa, a cikin kalma, ainihin lambun dabbobi. Amma abu shine cewa waɗannan dabbobin an samo su ne daga tsirrai daban-daban ta hannun maigidan gwani. Lallai hakurin ɗan adam ya zama dole don kulawa da duk waɗannan ayyuka masu ban sha'awa na zane-zane na lambu: wasu tsire-tsire suna buƙatar rage jinkirin ci gaban su, wasu suna buƙatar haɓaka kayan haɓaka, wasu suna buƙatar haɓakar aski ko ƙirar musamman tare da dabaru iri iri. Kowace shekara, yawan ayyuka a cikin dakin binciken ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayoyin cuta ta Khmaladze yana ƙaruwa, kuma sunan mahaliccinsu yana faɗaɗa.
Tabbas, kowane mutum zaiyi sha'awar abin da mai gidan ya ƙirƙira waɗannan kyawawan zane-zanen rayuwa daga. Marubucin bai yi wannan asirin ba, amma koyaushe yana ba da gudummawa ga iliminsa da ƙwarewar da ya samu ta aiwatar da kiwon dabbobin sa.
Yew (Taxus)I. Khmaladze ya ce: "Ina amfani da nau'ikan tsiro iri-iri a cikin aikina: hornbeam da privet, viburnum da cypress. Duk da haka, boxwood da yew sun nuna kansu da suka fi dacewa a cikin wannan nau'in sassaka," in ji I. Khmaladze. "Gaskiya ne, wannan ba bincike na bane, yew da boxwood suna yadu An yi amfani da waɗannan bishiyoyin a cikin ɗayan abubuwan banmamaki guda bakwai na duniya - a cikin lambuna rataye na Babila. A zamanin yau, waɗannan bothan Soviet masu amfani da kayan lambu, masu ado, da masters na Indiya, Misira da sauran ƙasashe Fiye da komai, ya shahara musamman don rataye zane-zane na kore. lambun rabin gari na Bombay . Rowe Malabar Hills, kunã mãsu alfãhari karya rufin babbar ruwa tafki daga wanda ruwa ake kawota ga sashin, shi ya ƙunshi babban adadin kore sculptures: giwaye, rakumin dawa, da raƙuma, da karnuka, da dawakai ".
Wadannan masu samar da kayan shuka don kore zane za a iya samu a cikin gandun daji na halitta, kuma, ba shakka, suna da mahimmanci ba kawai don gine-ginen kore ba. A cikin daji, yew ana samunsa a Gabashin Gabas, Caucasus, lokaci-lokaci a cikin Crimea, a cikin Carpathians har ma a cikin jihohin Baltic. Yew da kuma itacen katako sun fi yadu girma da izgili: kusan ko'ina cikin Ukraine, Kuban, da Arewacin Caucasus.
Yew (Taxus)A cikin Lviv, Rostov, Uzhgorod, Odessa, Volgograd, Kiev, zaka iya koyaushe, har ma a cikin hunturu, kalli kan iyakokin kore da wasu sifofi na geometric da aka kirkira daga yew da boxwood. Kamyanets-Podilsky masu sana'a na masana'antu suna yin ko da kayan adon na asali daga gare su. Ana so mutum ya zauna a kan gado mai matasai na itace a cikin lambun Botanical Kamenetz-Podolsky. Sauran cikakkun bayanai na lasifikan kai kore suna nan kusa da gado mai matasai: teburin yara, kujeru, kujerun rocking, manya da ƙanana da cubes.
Masu ilimin Botanists suna sane da nau'in yew, guda ɗaya wanda aka samo shi a cikin daji a Turai, uku suna girma a gabashin Asiya kuma hudu a Arewacin Amurka, duk da haka, dukansu basu da bambanci sosai da juna. A cikin Tarayyar Soviet, jinsuna biyu suna girma a daji - yew Berry, ko Turai, kuma spiky yew, ko Far Eastern. Ana iya samun cikakkiyar ma'anar wannan tsiro na huhunniya ta hanyar ziyartar Caucasus. Zai fi kyau ziyartar ɗan kurmi na Khostinsky da ke kusa da Sochi, a nan, ta hanyar, zaku iya ganin katako.
Kawai haye gadar bude gadar kan kogin Khosta da ke cike da tsaunin kuma ka wuce wurin tare da taken "Tsarin Yanayi na Jihar Caucasian; Itace-boxwood", saboda yanayin sabo mai kyau na wadannan wurare masu dumi zasu busa. Muna bin bashi mai duhu duhu sau da yawa wannan sanyi a lokacin zafi. The ɗan kurmi zai ba mu mamaki ba kawai tare da wannan. A ƙofar ta akwai wani ƙaton kudan zuma mai shekaru 350, shekaru-wanda ya dace a matsayin jikan ɗan ƙaramin bishiyar yew, a tsaye yake a gefensa yana mai shekaru 2000. Gaskiya ne, ba za a iya la'akari da shi tsufa ba: bayan duk, mafi yawan shekarun yew a cikin yanayin halitta yawanci ya wuce shekaru 4000. Af, yew an dauki shi mafi tsohon wakilin duniyar shuka a sashin ilimin kimiyya, wanda ya kasance miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata.
Yew (Taxus)Yew karamar itaciya ce, har ma da shekarun 2000 tsayinsa ba ya wuce mita, amma mutane 5-6 ne kawai zasu iya kama gangar jikin wannan tsohuwar bishiyar Caucasus.
Mafi yawa daga cikin makwabta yew kasance bishiyoyi masu lalacewa, yayin da kanta kanta mallakar conifers. Gangar jikinta ƙulli ne: da alama kamar an yi shi da ɓawon burodi masu yawa waɗanda aka haɗa su tare. Launi mai launin ja da rassan yew kawai yana ba da hujja ga sunan da aka sanya shi a cikin mutane - mahogany. Baya ga canza launi da ba a sani ba, itacen yew yana da halin darko da kuma saurin ƙarfi. Wani lokaci ana kiran itacen yew da ake kira mongrel itace, wanda kuma yana tabbatar da tsayayyen tsaurin itace, a wannan karon ma ya juya. Rayayyen itacen yew, ya bambanta da itace mai yankakken, ta lalace ta wata ƙwayar cuta mai hana ƙwaƙwalwa, kamar, duk da haka, haushi da ganye, mai guba ne sosai.
Yew fure a farkon bazara, rassan duhu masu duhu suna rufe da kananan furanni masu ƙyalƙyali. A cikin gandun daji yew, zaku iya samun bishiyoyin maza tare da 'yan kunne na zinare da bishiyun mata tare da ƙananan furanni a cikin hanyar cones. A ja frosted yew iri ripens kawai a tsakiyar kaka. Yew kansa ba zai iya watsa tsaba ba. Amma yana da aiki, amma ba masu sha'awar mataimaka ba. Blackbirds da martens sauƙi sami haske yew tsaba. Tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara, suna haɗiye yew ɗin da kanta, wanda a zubar sai an zubar da shi.
Yew (Taxus)Wani abin da ba a iya mantawa da shi ba yana barin ziyarar zuwa yew-boxwood thickets. Da farko dai, cikakkiyar natsuwarsu ta ba da mamaki: ba ana jin waka ta tsuntsu ba ko rudani na dabba. Harshen haskoki na rana ta kudu da wuya saurin ratsa ta alfadari rawanin itace. Mutanen da ke nan ba su tsoma baki a cikin rayuwar tsirrai ba, sabili da haka suna riƙe da farji, bayyanar pristine. Manyan shaggy maza na hango daga katako na katako na takwarorinsu - tsoffin mosses da lasisi. Suna da bambanci a fili da kuma haɗin tsarin: da yawa nau'in nau'ikan su botanists. A kowane lokaci na shekara, kyawawan kayan ado na itacen Yew-boxwood yayi kama da duniyar baƙin ruwa mai zurfi.
Mafi yawanci ana samunsu a nan ƙananan ne, tsayin-9-tsayi-mita, bishiyun katako tare da rassa, gaba ɗaya cike da ƙananan ganye masu launin shuɗi mai haske. Fuskokinsu suna da santimita 15-20 a diamita, kuma kewayen bishiyun da suka fi girma a wasu lokuta ya kai mita 1.5. Akwatin Boxwood yana kaɗa milimita ɗaya a shekara. Wanda ya fi ƙarfin akwati a cikin ajiyar ajiyar kimanin shekara 500 ya yi.
Yanayi yana kama da katako na katako, wanda aka ɗauka da nauyi kuma mai wahala fiye da kowane nau'in bishiyoyin mu. Yawan jama'ar karkara suna kiranta da itacen dabino na Coucasian ko hauren giwa. Takamaiman karfin itacen shine 1.06, kuma ya nitse cikin dutse da ruwa. Propertieswararrun kayan inji na katako suna ba mu damar yin gwaji, fonts, suttura mara nauyi, da kyawawan lambobi daga gare ta.
Yew (Taxus)Liné1
Tsoffin Helenawa da Romawa sun ɗauki katako itace mai tamani. Homer ya ambace shi a cikin waƙoƙin 24 na Iliad, wanda ke bayyana ƙaddamar da karkiya daga katako mai santsi a kan bijimin Priam, kuma mawaƙin Roman Ovid a cikin ɗayan ayyukansa ya faɗi yadda Minerva ya yi sautin farko daga boxwood.
Kyakkyawan gani shine fure na itacen katako. Tare da farkon numfashi na bazara, da baya a farkon Maris, ƙananan furanni na zinariya sun bayyana daga sinus na kowane ganye, gaba ɗaya yana rufe kambi. Furanni na Boxwood, sabanin furannin wasu tsirrai, ba kwa ƙwai nectar ko kaɗan, yayin da suka yi fure, greena fruitsan itaciyar tuni sun cika da ruwan 'ya'yan itace a fili. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari, ripening, da ƙarfi amsa kuwwa fatattaka da watsa a cikin kowane kwatance, ba da nisa sosai, amma, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna waje da kambi.
Filin katako na katako an fi maida hankali ne a nan tekun Bahar Maliya na Caucasus da kuma Gabas ta Tsakiya. Amma babu wata ƙasa a cikin duniya da za ta iya yin alfahari da irin wannan gandun daji na musamman kamar gidan kayan tarihi na yew-boxwood wanda ke kusa da Hosta, kodayake yana da ƙaramin yanki - kusan kadada 300. Hakanan abin lura ne a cikin wannan ajiyar cewa yew da boxwood, basa da alaƙa da juna, suna haɓaka tare ba tare da zaluntar juna ko ɗaukar juna ba.
Yew (Taxus)Hanyoyi zuwa kayan:
- S. I. Ivchenko - Littafin game da bishiyoyi
