Ofaya daga cikin amfanin gona gama gari wanda kusan kowane mazaunin bazara ke girma shine barkono mai daɗi. Kuma akwai dalilai da yawa don ƙaunar duniya:
- Da fari dai, wannan kayan lambu mai laushi da lafiya shine duniya. Ana iya yanka shi zuwa salads sabo, ko ma solo dafa shi azaman tasa daban.
- Abu na biyu, barkono abu ne mai sauki kuma mai sauki don girma, idan kun san basican ka'idodi na kan yadda ake yin shi da gaskiya.
Domin al'adu don jin dadi, kuna buƙatar duba kaɗan cikin tarihi. Wannan zai taimaka don gano abin da yanayi waɗanda suke buƙata don kyawawan 'ya'yan itace, a cikin ƙasa mai budewa da kuma a cikin greenhouse.
Gida mai zaki da barkono - Kudancin Amurka. Wannan yana nufin cewa wannan tsire-tsire ya fi dacewa da kusan yanayin yanayi ɗaya: mai dumi kuma ba m.
Idan har yanzu shinkafar ta yi sanyi, yana da kyau a saka mai hita. Kuma cire danshi mai wuce haddi ta hanyar iska.
Openasa mai faranta rai tana faranta rai da ɗumi, amma lalle ruwa ya wajaba don haɓaka mai kyau. Waɗannan sune ka'idodi na asali. Amma akwai hanyoyin kula da barkono da ya kamata kowane mazaunin rani ya sani.
Yadda za a shuka amfanin gona mai kyau na barkono a buɗe ƙasa?
Kyakkyawan girbin barkono ba hatsari bane. Ana buƙatar ƙoƙari tare da ilimi. Don haka, alal misali, yawan 'ya'yan itaciyar da fasalin kula da ita zai dogara ne akan irin nau'ikan da ake so. Dukansu lokacin shuka tsaba da lokacin dasa shuki matashi a cikin ƙasa zai dogara ne da iri-iri.
Mun rarrabe dukkan tsarin tafarnuwa zuwa matakai da yawa:
- Ilasa da shirye-shiryen iri.
- Girma seedlings na barkono daga tsaba.
- Kula da tsiro.
- Cutar da kwari.
Mataki na farko
Duk abin yana farawa da shirye-shiryen iri. Menene hada anan? Akwai fasahar lura da iri da yawa.
- Ofayansu shine jiƙa tsaba a cikin ruwan zafi na awanni 4-6 (zazzabi ruwa daga digiri 40 da sama). Bayan haka, ana sanya tsaba na kwanaki 2 a cikin zane mai bushe a cikin daki mai zafi.
- Wata hanyar ita ce sanya iri a cikin raunin bayani na potassium permanganate na mintina 15-20. Sannan dole ne a wanke su kuma a sanya su a cikin mafita na haɓaka mai ƙarfi na sa'o'i 12. Bayan wannan, an wanke tsaba kuma an sanya su don 'yan kwanaki a cikin zane mai bushe.
- Shirya ƙasa. Idan ana sayar da ƙasa don shirye don shuka iri. Wancan don dasa shuki seedlings bayan ruwa da kuma girma barkono a cikin ƙasa bude, kana buƙatar kula da cewa duniya ta kasance sako-sako da haske, da takin ƙasa. Don yin wannan, ana ƙara humus da yashi a cikin ƙasa, a cikin rabo na 2 zuwa 1. Ana iya ƙara ash.
- Tsarin ƙasa ya haɗa da zaɓin shafin. Ya kamata ya kasance wuri mai haske, an kiyaye shi daga zane-zane. Yana da kyau a takin ƙasa tare da superphosphate (40-50 g) tun lokacin kaka, tumatir mai lalacewa (kimanin kilo 10) da ash ash (har zuwa 100 g). Wadannan lambobin suna da 1 m² na ƙasa.
Mataki na biyu
La'akari da gaskiyar cewa 'ya'yan itacen barkono suna girma na dogon lokaci, a cikin makonni biyu, ya kamata a dasa su a gaba a cikin kwandon shara don fara shuka seedlings.
Kimanin kwanan wata lokacin da ya fi dacewa a yi wannan shine ƙarshen Janairu, farkon watan Fabrairu, ya danganta da iri-iri da inda za a dasa shukar matasa: a buɗe ko ƙasa.
Shuka tsaba:
- an riga an kula da ƙasa tare da bayani mai rauni na potassiumgangan;
- akwatin ya kamata ya kasance ƙasa tare da ramuka;
- nisa tsakanin tsaba 2 cm;
- bayan disembarkation, rufe akwatin tare da tsare ko gilashi, cire zuwa wuri mai duhu, dumi;
- an sanya akwatin tare da zuwan farkon harbe;
- ruwa kawai lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe;
- zuba ruwan dumi;
- nutse tare da zuwan biyu na gaskiya ganye.
Kuna iya shuka tsaba barkono a cikin tukwane dabam, to ba lallai sai ku tura shi ba, wanda inji zai so da gaske.
Mataki na uku
Kimanin kwanaki 100 suka wuce, kuma thean itacen suna shirye don sake komawa zuwa mazaunin su na dindindin. Tsakanin ko ƙarshen Mayu yana da kyau don wannan. Soilasa sai ta warms da kyau kuma shuka ba ta da lafiya. Idan yanayi ga barkono mai tsananin zafi-bai dace sosai ba, za'a iya magance wannan matsalar ta hanyar gina gadaje masu tsayi na shuka.
A seedlings kansu, da gadaje tattalin domin wannan lokacin a karkashin barkono, ya kamata alwatacce shayar. Ruwa dole yayi dumi! Nisa tsakanin bushes da gadaje kada yayi ƙasa da 40-60 cm.
Menene ake buƙata don gudanar da kulawar tsirrai da ta dace? Akwai saukin doka na "P" huɗu:
- Manyan miya.
- Watse.
- Hanya.
- Garter
Ga wasu dabarun kula da barkono:
- Manyan miya. Yayin girma da haɓaka shuka (lokacin girma), barkono yana buƙatar ciyar da sau 3-4. Kuna iya yin wannan ko dai ta hanyar da aka shirya na musamman da aka sayar, ko shirya takin da kanka.
- A karo na farko da suke ciyar da 'yan kwanaki 10-14 bayan dasa shuki a cikin filin bude. Don 10-12 na ruwa, ana ɗaukar 1 lita na taki.
- Manyan riguna na biyu kafin lokacin fure. An tumatad da ɗanyen tumatir tare da lita 10 na ruwa, an ƙara 2 tbsp. ninka superphosphate (ana iya yin pre-crushed).
- A karo na uku, ana ciyar da barkono tare da ash ash ko superphosphate (yana yiwuwa a hadaddun). Gilashin ash (ko cokali 2 na superphosphate) ya cika da ruwa kuma ya nace a rana tsawon kwana 2. Ana aiwatar da wannan suturar ta sati biyu bayan takin zamani na karshe.
Nettle duniya kyakkyawan takin. Yanke nettles, saka su a cikin guga kuma zuba 1 zuwa 10 a cikin adadin ruwan dumi. Nace rana ta 2 ko 3. Taki ya shirya.
- Watse. Wannan inji yana son danshi, amma ba waterlogging. Saboda haka, yana da daraja a kwaba barkono kawai idan ƙasa ta bushe. Ruwa dole yayi dumi!
- Hanya. Haske, ƙasa mai wadatarwa shine mahimmin tsari don haɓaka barkono mai kyau. Don yin wannan, dole ne a dasa ƙasa a kai a kai.
- Garter Ba wai kawai maki mai ƙarfi na barkono suna buƙatar tallafi ba, har ma waɗanda ke da farin cikin lambu tare da girbi mai kyau. Don yin wannan, don kada ku cutar da tushen shuka, har ma lokacin da aka dasa shuki, ana binne tallafi kusa da daji.
Kula Pepper Lokacin da matsaloli suka faru
Cututtuka da kwari da ke haifar da lahani ga barkono:
- marigayi blight;
- kafa na baki;
- farin rot;
- baƙon ƙwayar cuta ta baki;
- aphids;
- whitefly;
- beyar;
- slugs;
- Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro.
Idan "ƙafafun baƙar fata" ana iya sauƙaƙe ta hanayar amfani da ƙasa mai kyau, da nisantar da yawan maye, da kuma zuba shi da ruwa mai ɗumi, sannan daga wata cuta kamar ƙarshen blight, hanya mafi inganci shine rigakafin. Don wannan, ya wajaba don suturta da tsaba kafin shuka. Kuma tare da isowar sanyi da ruwan sama a dare, ya kamata a tsirga tsire-tsire da dare. Hakanan yana da amfani spraying tare da jiko na albasa kwasfa.
Daga irin waɗannan kwari kamar ƙwayar dankalin turawa da ƙwayar cuta ta Colorado, ƙwararrun mazaunin rani suna amfani da shirye-shirye na musamman da infusions akan ganye: tansy, tafarnuwa, yarrow, ciyawa.
Pollination tare da toshe bishi zai taimaka kare shuka daga kwari. Aphids za a iya cin nasara ta magani hade da ruwa (1.5 a kowace lita guga na ruwa).
Pepper Green Pepper Nasihun Girma
Yawancin mazauna rani sun fi son yin girma barkono mai ƙauna-zafi a cikin greenhouse. Amma a nan akwai wasu abubuwan da kuke buƙatar sani, kuma ku kasance a shirye don su. Misali:
- Domin haɓakar barkono a cikin greenhouse don kawo sakamako mai kyau kawai, kuna buƙatar yin la’akari sosai da zaɓin iri-iri. Ba kowane barkono iri-iri ba ne zai iya yin ba tare da sanya kwari ba tare da kwari. Amma a wannan yanayin, zaku iya gwada pollination na wucin gadi, ta amfani da goga mai laushi.
- Yawancin lokaci ƙasa a cikin katako yana rage daga yawan amfani. Don haka, kuna buƙatar kulawa da takin sa ko maye gurbin saman Layer (20-25 cm) na ƙasa.
- Magungunan kashe qwari da takin zamani suna amfani da waɗancan da suka dace da gidajen katako. Mafi yawan lokuta, akwai alama ta musamman akan shirya su.
- Don sarrafa kwari da ke samun yanayin da ya dace wa kansu a cikin takin zamani, kuna buƙatar fesa barkono Fitosporin sau ɗaya a wata.
- Idan an dasa barkono a cikin greenhouse a lokacin bazara ko kaka, to ya fi kyau a sha iska a ciki.
- Yana da matuƙar mahimmanci a kwantar da greenhouse don kauce wa yanayin zafi da tsayi sosai (kusan kashi 100) gumi. Idan ba za a iya fitar da iskar gas a kai a kai ba, ana iya shigar da iska ta wucin gadi a ciki.
Bayan koyon yadda ake shuka barkono da kyau a cikin gidan shinkafa, kuma ɗaukar matakan da suka dace, zaku iya tabbatar da cewa tsirrai suna lafiya kuma amfanin gona sun yi yawa.
Lingsalingsan da ke tsakanin greenhouses da don buɗe ƙasa suna girma bisa ga ka'idoji iri ɗaya. Babban mahimmancin wannan shine maki uku: tukwane da tsire-tsire suna buƙatar kiyaye su; Tabbatar cewa ƙasa ba ta bushe ba kuma ba ta jika sosai; kasar gona ya kamata lush da haske. Sako-sako da ƙasa yana ba da yashi, humus, kwayoyin halitta marasa kan gado.
Shuka seedlings zuwa cikin greenhouse na iya fara a baya fiye da a cikin ƙasa bude. A lokaci guda, ana ba da shawara ga mazaunan rani da ke da goguwa su yi wannan a hankali domin a sa tushen matashin daji gaba ɗaya cikin nutsuwa a cikin dasa shuki ba tare da lanƙwasa ko juya ba.
Akwai 'yan ka’idoji na yin girma barkono a bude, dukansu cikin sauki za'a iya aiwatar dasu. Idan ka bi su, zaka iya samun ingataccen amfanin gona.
Anan akwai wasu nasihu masu taimako domin tsiro barkono a waje:
- Don jawo hankalin kwari yayin tsirrai masu fure, ana iya fesa shi da ruwa mai daɗi.
- Pepper yana da sauƙin turɓaya. Sabili da haka, kada ku shuka iri daban-daban kusa da juna.
- Shiri, wanda aka shirya za a bayar a ƙarƙashin barkono, an zaɓi shi da kyau. Domin guje wa cututtukan tsire-tsire da girbi mai kyau, a cikin kowane yanayi ya kamata magabatan barkono su zama wakilan albarkatun abinci na tebur, kabewa da kayan lemo.
- Tabbatar ka taurara da tsire-tsire don ingantaccensu. Don yin wannan, kwanaki 10 kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa bude, ya zama dole don ɗaukar seedlings zuwa sabo iska. Farawa daga mintina 10-15, kuna buƙatar ƙara haɓaka lokacin zama na tsirrai.
- Idan sanyi ya baci kwatsam, za a iya ajiye tsiran barkono. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar shayar da ƙasa da kyau. Ko dumama tsire-tsire tare da fim, takarda, lutrasil. Kuna iya sanya kwalabe filastik tare da sare da ke ƙasa akan bushes.
A tsawon lokaci, kowane mazaunin rani yakan sami nasa kwarewar. Wannan yana taimaka masa ya ɗan rage kuzari don samun sakamako mai kyau.
Dubi kuma: lokacin da za a shuka barkono na shuka?
