Thuja wata itaciya ce da ke da kyawawan halaye masu kyau wanda masu tsara shimfidar wuri suke godiya da son rai suna amfani da shuka wajen yin kwalliya da wuraren shakatawa. Homelandasarsu ta wannan waki'ar mai ba da labari daga gidan Cypress shine ƙasashen gabashin Asiya da Arewacin Amurka. Ka'idoji don kulawa da arborvitae suna da sauƙi, saboda haka yawancin masu shuka fure suna girma dashi a yankunansu.
Daga cikin yawancin jinsuna da nau'ikan arborvitae mafi mashahuri shine arborvitae mai sihiri. Wannan nau'in mara girman da ya fito daga perennials kuma ya bambanta da wasu a kambi kore a cikin hanyar ball. Irin wannan sabon salo ya jawo hankalin mutane kuma ya fice a tsakanin sauran tsirrai don alherinsa da kyawunsa. Ana iya ganin thuja tare da kambi mai siffar zobe a matsayin tsire daban, kuma a cikin rukuni na rukuni. Tsakanin bishiyoyi na Evergreen, ya danganta da iri-iri, suna da tsayi (kimanin 1.5 m) da dwarf (dan kadan ƙasa da 40 cm).
Zaɓi wani wuri don shuka thuja
Don dasa thuja, kuna buƙatar zaɓar ba yanki mai inuwa ba, amma ana kiyaye shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye kuma ba tare da kwatsam da iska mai kwatsam ba. Tare da zaɓin da ya dace na wurin, shuka ba zai juya launin shuɗi daga kunar rana a jiki da iska mai sanyi ba, wanda ke nufin zai riƙe halayensa na ado na dogon lokaci.
Soilasa akan ƙasar da aka zaɓa yakamata ta kasance mai daushin ƙasa da taushi. Yana da kyau cewa ruwan karkashin kasa ya wuce zurfin ruwa. An ba da shawarar a zuba cakuda ƙasa ta musamman a cikin ramuka na dasawa, ya ƙunshi peat, ƙasa turf da yashi mai kauri, kuma a mafi kyawun, irin wannan ƙasa ya kamata ya kasance a kan duk wurin da thuja ke tsiro.
Growing thuja daga tsaba
Wannan kasuwancin yana da matsala kuma kawai za a iya yin shi ta hanyar haƙuri da tsauraran lambu. Tare da yaduwar iri, ana iya ganin shuka mai cikakken tsiro kawai bayan shekaru 4-5. Zai ɗauki ƙoƙari da yawa da yawa, amma sakamakon ya cancanci. Nasihu masu amfani don zabar tsaba, shirye-shiryensu da narkar da su zai sami damar sauƙaƙe tsarin don lambun novice.
Lokacin amfani da sabon kayan da aka girbe daga tsire-tsire da aka girma a gida, halayen thuja basu da wadatarwa, alamu na waje ne suka rage.
Tsaba za a iya shirya a lokacin fruiting na girma shuke-shuke. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari - cones tare da iri harbe dole ne a rabu da balagagge shoot da hagu a cikin wani wurin dumi da bushe har sai da cikakken ripened, yada su a kan wani lebur far a wani ɗan gajeren nesa da juna. Bayan kwanaki 3-4, cones zai bushe da bude - wannan alama ce ta tara tsaba.
Daga cikin hanyoyin dasa shuki, mafi sauki shine ya shuka iri a cikin tukwane na mutum tare da kasar gona mai rai. Gaskiya ne, yawan nasarar irin wannan aikin namo ya ragu. Tsaba suna girma tare da wannan hanyar na dogon lokaci.
Zai fi dacewa a shuka iri mai ɗaci ko shuka a cikin bazara (kafin hunturu). Lokacin dasa shuki kafin hunturu, ana bada shawara don amfani da kayan sabo wanda aka girbe wanda bai taɓa aiki na musamman ba (soaking tare da maganin ƙirar halitta). Ana dasa shi nan da nan cikin ƙasa mai daɗaɗa, ƙasa mai dausayi.
Tsarin kaka zai kawo farkon harbe tare da dumamar rana ta fari. Bayyanar bishiyar thuja tana kama da dill matasa. Na farko allurai a kan seedlings zai bayyana a game da wata daya, da kuma farkon harbi - kawai bayan watanni shida. Tare da yin taka tsantsan ga dukkan ka’idoji na kulawa da kiyayewa, tsirran zai kai 10 cm a cikin shekara.
Don haɓaka germination na ƙwayoyin thuja sau da yawa zasu taimaka hanya ta musamman - ɓarkewar tsaba. Dole ne a tsabtace tsaba da aka yanyanka - cire dukkanin ƙananan, mai rauni da samfuran lalacewa. Mafi kyawun zuriya ya kamata a haɗe tare da kwakwalwan itace mai laushi ko yashi mai laushi, sanya shi cikin akwati filastik mai ɗauri kuma a sanya shi cikin wuri mai sanyi na akalla kwanaki 90. Sau ɗaya a mako, ana bada shawara don bincika tsaba don m da kuma hana cakuda daga bushewa.
Bayan stratification, da tsaba dole ne a dasa a cikin tattalin ƙasa cakuda, a kusa da ƙarshen Fabrairu. Akwatin seedling cike yake da abin da aka shirya don amfanin gona mai kyau ko kowane cakuda ƙasa mai gina jiki. A kasan akwatin, za a zuba magudanar ruwa kafin a zuba shi. Pebbles, inginti mai kaɗa ko yumɓu mai yumɓu sun dace. Bayan bayyanar seedlings, kuna buƙatar samar musu da isasshen hasken wuta (zaku iya amfani da fitila mai haske a ƙari).
Kar a manta da matakan kariya. Don tsayayya da cututtukan fungal da cututtuka, ruwan hoda na maganin ƙwaƙwalwa na dindindin zai taimaka, wanda yake sanya ƙasa ta yalwa kafin dasa shuki.
Dole ne a dasa tsaba a cikin ƙasa mai laushi a cikin tsari mai kyau. Nisa tsakanin tsaba ya kasance aƙalla 2 cm. Kowane ƙwaya yana buƙatar a matse shi kaɗan a cikin ƙasa kuma a yayyafa shi da kyauta daga mai tozar.
Dokoki don kulawa da thuja matasa
Zazzabi wanda zai ba da gudummawa ga saurin shuka da kuma cikakkiyar haɓakar shuka shine digiri 20-22 na Celsius. Kafin seedlings ya bayyana, akwatin saitin dole ne ya kasance ƙarƙashin murfin m mai duhu a cikin duhu. Bayan fitowar ta, dole ne a sake shirya kwandon a cikin dakin mai haske da dumi. Ya kamata tsirrai su kasance a ƙarƙashin murfin gilashin wata ɗaya da rabi, wato, har zuwa lokacin da seedlingsa seedlingsan seedlings ke girma da ƙarfi.
Lokacin da ƙananan harbe suka kai 2-3 cm a tsayi, dole ne a yayyafa su a hankali tare da wani yanki na bakin ciki na yashin bushe mai kyau kuma aka fesa daga kwalban feshi. Ana aiwatar da irin wannan hydration akai-akai a cikin matsakaici na matsakaici.
Kowace rana, dole ne a kwantar da akwati tare da 'ya'yan itace, amfanin gona na ban ruwa, kuma cire tsire-tsire masu rauni ko marasa lafiya.
A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, shayarwa na yau da kullun, isasshen hasken wuta, da kayan miya a sama a cikin cakuda ƙasa mai gina jiki suna da matukar mahimmanci ga tsire-tsire matasa. Ba a yaba tsarin ɗaukar hoto a wannan matakin ba.
Wintering yana da haɗari ga tsire-tsire matasa, saboda haka yana da kyau a sake shirya kwantena tare da seedlings don lokacin hunturu a cikin yanayin greenhouse ko kiyaye su a yanayin zafi a gida. Yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da tsari na musamman don tsirrai a matsayin kariya daga sanyi.
Mafi kyawun lokacin farkon shine shekara ta uku da fara haɓaka. A farkon lokacin bazara, dole ne a gudanar da dasawa kawai ta hanyar canja warin kasa. Wannan zai tabbatar da lafiyar tushen sashin lafiya da kara lafiyar lafiyar arborvitae. Lokacin da aka kafa yanayin bazara mai dumi, kwantena tare da tsire-tsire za a iya canjawa wuri don buɗe sararin sama, kuma ana iya juyar da thuja zuwa wani wuri a farkon Satumba.
Mahimmancin Kulawa na Thuja
Turawa
Wannan hanya ana aiwatar da ita lokaci-lokaci (a kalla sau daya a shekara) kamar yadda shuka ke tsiro ta samar da wata kambi mai kyau, mai kyau, kamar yadda za a cire busassun harbe da rassan yellowed. An bada shawara don yanke harbe da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tsawon duka.
Aikace-aikacen taki
Haɗin kai na yau da kullun shine mabuɗin don cikakken ci gaban thuja. Zai iya zama takaddun ma'adinai mai hadaddun abubuwa ko kuma kayan sakawa na gargajiya. Su ne suka zama dole a duk matakin girma na shuka. Hanyoyin hadi na iya zama daban - daga amfani zuwa kasar gona da tono don a kara su da ban ruwa. Ana ciyar da ciyarwa ta ƙarshe a ƙarshen watan Agusta.
Shirye-shiryen hunturu
Ta yin amfani da kayan da ba saka ba da abin rufe fuska, ana ba da shawarar rufe duk tsire-tsire na thuja na lokacin hunturu, musamman tsire-tsire matasa. A matsayinka na ciyawa, zaku iya ɗaukar itacen kwandon shisha, peat ko kowane kwayoyin. An cire murfin bayan cikakkiyar haɗin dusar ƙanƙara.
Yaduwar Thuja ta sare
Hanyar yankewa ta thuja shine ya zama mafi gama gari kuma mafi inganci. Wajibi ne a zabi mafi kyawun tsararraki kimanin centimita 50, a yanka su da diddige, riƙe wani ɗan lokaci a cikin maganin Kornevin kuma dasa su a cikin cakuda ƙasa, yana zurfafa kowane ciyawa ta kusan 4-5 santimita.
Cakuda ƙasa na iya haɗawa da turf da ƙasar Peat da kyakkyawan yashi a sassa guda. An ba da shawarar tsire-tsire na tsiro a ƙarƙashin murfin gilashi, lokaci-lokaci buɗe shi don samun iska da spraying. Tushen tushen zai fara nunawa a cikin kwanaki 20-30. Tushen tushe za'a iya dasa shi zuwa wani wurin budewa kawai don kakar mai zuwa.
Yi yaƙi da cututtuka da kwari na arborvitae
Mafi yawan cututtukan cututtukan thuja sune cututtukan fungal. Babban alamar bayyanar kamuwa da cututtukan fungal shine yellowed da bushe harbe. Cutar ta yadu sosai da sauri, don haka dole ne a dauki matakan gaggawa kuma ba tare da bata lokaci ba. Dole ne a sarrafa shuka sosai. Ana aiwatar da aiwatarwa a matakai da yawa tare da maganin maganin sulfate.
Babban kwari na thuja sune kwari da qwari. Scalefly yana rinjayar yawancin shuka a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Zai iya halakar da duka ɓangaren sararin daji. A farkon alamun kwaro, ana bada shawara don fesawa (a cikin matakai biyu) ta amfani da shirye-shiryen aerosol "Karbofos" ko foda mai suna iri ɗaya. Ana narkar da foda a cikin ruwa bisa ga umarnin kan kunshin. Kuna iya ƙara 90-100 g na miyagun ƙwayoyi zuwa lita 10 na ruwa.
Aphid kwaro ne wanda ke zaune a kan manyan iyalai da ke kan bishiyoyi kuma yana ciyar da tsiro a cikin tsiro. Da sauri, harbe suna fara canza launin launi zuwa launin rawaya, sannan ya bushe ya yi garaje. Kuna iya yakar wannan kwaro da taimakon magungunan kashe kwari iri-iri (alal misali, Korbofos, Fitoverm).
Tare da ingantaccen kulawa da kiyayewa, tatsuniyar da zata kasance mai dorewa zata kasance mai dawwamammen sakamako kuma zata faranta maka karin shekaru.
