An samo asalin halittar sunan ɗan asalin borenist ɗin Holland V. de Vriese (1806-1862). Kimanin nau'in nau'in epiphytic 250, ƙananan tsire-tsire masu ƙananan tsire-tsire ana sanan su waɗanda suka zama ruwan dare a cikin yanayin ƙasa mai laushi da kuma tsibiran daga Amurka ta Tsakiya (Venezuela) zuwa Argentina da Brazil.
Kasashen waje, vriesia shine ɗayan tsire-tsire da aka fi so don Sabuwar Sabuwar Kirsimeti da Kirsimeti, ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin Sabuwar Shekara da kuma zane-zanen gidaje, windows shop, florariums, bishiyoyi masu kyau. A cikin al'adun, sanannu ne na lambu da launuka iri-iri. An kawata furanni masu launin shuɗi tare da takalmin adon ja masu haske. Ana amfani da shuka a cikin tsarin fure rukuni.
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Vriesia (vriesea) daskare, Iyalin Bromeliaceae (Bromeliaceae). Halin halittar ya hada da nau'ikan tsire-tsire sama da 250 na bromeliad. Asalinsu shine gandun daji na Kudancin Amurka. Dan asalin Ingilishi John Lindley (1799-1865) daga dan asalin Tillandsia ya ambaci wannan halittar dan asalin Harsrik ne, kuma masanin ilimin botanist Willem Henrik de Vriese (Yaren mutanen Holland: Willem Hendrik de Vriese, 1806-1862), mai binciken kudu Gabashin Asiya.
A cikin wallafe-wallafen kan lambun gida, ana amfani da kalmar vriesia a matsayin sunan Rasha - ta hanyar fassara sunan kimiyya. Fiye da nau'ikan 150 ana horar da su a cikin ɗakuna da wuraren katako.
Ganyayyaki kusan 20 cm tsayi, suna da sikelin, a wasu lokuta kuma masu juye, ana tattara su cikin soket. Launin ganye zai iya bambanta: launin kore mai haske, koren shuɗi, mai launi ko tare da ratsi mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi. Ja, ruwan hoda, shunayya, ruwan lemo, shuɗi, rawaya ko fari furanni mai faɗi tare da diamita na 3 zuwa 5 cm ana tattara su a cikin inflorescence located a kan dogon peduncle.
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Kulawa
Vriesia inuwa-m shuka, fi son yaduwar haske. Yana girma da kyau akan windows na yamma ko watsawar gabas. A lokacin rani, tagogin windows na kudu ya kamata a girgiza su daga sa'o'i 11 zuwa 17. A kan windows ta arewa, tare da kulawa mai kyau, yana girma sosai. A safiyar rana da rana tsaka suna taimakawa ga samuwar furanni. Tare da haske da yawa, ganye da inflorescences sun bushe. Yankuna tare da kore mai laushi ko ganye mai bushe suna buƙatar yankin inuwa.
Vrieses suna daya daga cikin tsirrai masu zafi da ke kwatanta su da sauran bromeliads, kuma don al'adunsu na cin nasara yanayin zafin jiki ba tare da saukad da mahimmanci ba: a cikin lokacin bazara-damina 24-26 ° C, kuma a lokacin kaka-hunturu 18-22 ° C, yana da mahimmanci cewa zazzabi na ƙasa ya zama sama da 18 ° C.
A lokacin bazara, a zazzabi na 22-28 ° C, ana zubar da ruwa mai laushi mai taushi a cikin bututun, amma dole ne a kula da cewa ruwan ba ya tsayawa lokaci mai tsawo; idan zazzabi dakin ya sauka a kasa da 20 ° C, to lallai ne a cire ruwa daga dunkun. Yana da Dole a tabbatar cewa barbashi na ƙasa ba su shiga cikin mafita tare da ruwa - wannan na iya haifar da mutuwar shuka. A lokacin rani, ana sa substrate m, amma ba tare da waterlogging. A cikin yanayin, ruwan tafki yana tattara danshi a cikin rami, amma a cikin yanayi na cikin gida na tsawaita tsaftataccen ruwa (musamman a ƙananan yanayin zafi) na iya haifar da lalacewar tsirran da mutuwarsa.
Ana cire tsire-tsire a jikin bishiyar bromeliad daga goyon baya a kalla sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 10 kuma a nutsar da su a cikin ruwan da ke ciki har sai an cika su, bayan wannan sun ba da izinin ruwa mai yawa don magudana kuma komawa wurin.
A lokacin kaka-hunturu, lokacin da aka sa shuka a cikin ɗaki mai zafin jiki da ke ƙasa da 20 ° C, ba a zuba ruwa a cikin ganyen ganye ba. Daga kaka zuwa fure, ana yin taka tsantsan da ban ruwa mai ban ruwa.. Idan a cikin hunturu za ku ci gaba da shuka a zazzabi sama da 22 ° C, sannan ku yi ruwa a kai a kai kamar yadda saman ƙasa yake bushewa, lokaci-lokaci zaku iya zuba ruwa a cikin kayan ganye, amma mai dumin zafi da ƙananan. Ana amfani da ruwa don ban ruwa na kasar gona da kantuna da kyau, 2-3 ° C sama da zazzabi dakin. Idan shuka ya lalace, kada a zuba ruwa a cikin mafita, in ba haka ba zai haifar da lalata.
Danshi don vriesia yana buƙatar aƙalla 60-70%. Yana da amfani don fesa sau 1-2 a rana, kuma don ƙara danshi, ana iya saka shuka a kan wata pallet tare da gansakken rigar, yumɓu mai yalwa ko ɓawon dutse. A wannan yanayin, kasan tukunyar kada ta taɓa ruwan. Ana iya samun ingantaccen zafi ta hanyar kiyaye shuka a cikin farfajiya. A lokacin furanni, ya kamata ku fesa a hankali, ƙoƙarin guje wa samun ruwa a kan inflorescences - aibobi launin ruwan kasa na iya fitowa daga wannan, wanda zai shafi ado na ado na inflorescences. Ya kamata a goge ganyen tare da zane mai bushewa, amfani da kakin zuma na musamman domin bayar da haske ga ganye ba bu mai kyau.
A lokacin girma bayan ruwa, kowane mako 2 ana ciyar dasu tare da takin gargajiya na musamman don bromeliads. Ana iya amfani da takin zamani don wasu ciyadaran furanni na fure a cikin rabin kashi. Dole ne a tuna cewa kashi na nitrogen a cikin taki dole ne ya zama ƙasa, ƙarancin sa na iya haifar da mutuwar shuka. Wajibi ne a kawar da alli.
Vriesia baya son jigilar jigilar kayayyaki, suna yin wannan kawai lokacin da ya cancanta, kuma kawai a cikin bazara ko bazara, lokacin haɓaka mai aiki. A lokacin juyawa, suna ƙoƙari kada su lalata tushen rauni, daga wannan, vriesia ba ta da lafiya na dogon lokaci. Ba za a iya binne tsakiyar cibiyar fita zuwa cikin ƙasa ba - wuyan shuka zai iya ruɓewa, shuka kuwa zai mutu.
Amfani da tsirar vreezias ana amfani dashi friable da abinci mai gina jiki, wanda ya ƙunshi sod, ciyawar ganye, glandar da kananzir mai ƙasa, yashi, ɓawon burodi na itacen bishi ko larch da gansaket ɗin ƙwaya (4: 4: 4: 4: 1: 1: 1) tare da ƙari na gawayi . Don nau'ikan iska mai ƙarfi, ana iya bada shawarar cakuda mai zuwa: haske na ƙasa, filayen filayen filayen filaye, yashi (2: 1: 1: 1/3) tare da ƙari na gawayi. Don maganin vipia na epiphytic, ana amfani da wani daskararren itacen ɓawon burodi, ganshin sphagnum da peat doki tare da ƙari gawayi ana amfani dashi. Wajibi ne a yi amfani da magudanar ruwa mai kyau tare da matsakaicin ƙarfin 1/3 na shards mai fashewa da yumɓu mai yumɓu. Yana yiwuwa a yi girma a cikin matattarar ƙasa a cikin yumɓu.
Epiphytic vriesia za a iya horarwa a kan busasshen itace ko katako, sare, da kuma a kan tubalan na coniferous haushi ko itacen oak itace. Ana cire tsire-tsire daga tukunya, a hankali a nannade da dunƙule na ƙasa tare da gansar sphagnum kuma a haɗe zuwa goyon baya tare da waya ko lokacin farin zaren. Kuna iya amfani da tsire-tsire da yawa kuma shirya itacen bromeliad. Kuna iya amfani da snag tare da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa kaɗan.
Im Linwood
Kiwo
Vriesia yana yaduwa ta zuriya da zuriya.
Ana shuka tsaba a cikin sphagnum mai ƙasƙanci ko peat tare da yashi. Kafin shuka iri, an wanke shi a cikin wani rauni mai ruwan hoda na potassiumgangan da kuma bushe. Kula da yawan zafin jiki a cikin kewayon 22-24 ° C, a kai a kai a iska da kuma fesa. Bayan kwanaki 10-20 harbe suka fito, bayan watanni 2-2.5 ana haihuwar su cikin cakuda ciyawar, ƙasa mai ganye da kuma peat (1: 2: 4). Bayan kimanin watanni 6, ana shuka tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi. Matasa tsirrai suna girma a cikin shekaru 3-4.
Zai fi sauƙi don yada vriesia ta hanyar aiwatarwa. Bayan fure, itaciyar ta mutu, amma a lokaci guda, a gindi, sabuntawar buds ta farka, tana bada zuriya da yawa. Bayan watanni 1.5-2, suna samar da ganyayyaki 3-4 da tsarin tushen rauni. An rarrabe su a hankali tare da tushen, kuma an dasa su a cikin kwantena cike da sphagnum ko a cikin substrate wanda ya ƙunshi ƙasa mai ganye, itacen kwalliya da yashi (3: 1: 1), sanya shi a cikin wurin dumi tare da zazzabi na 26-28 ° C, an rufe shi da gilashin gilashi ko saman m jakar filastik. Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka yi tushe kuma suka yi ƙarfi, sun saba da yanayin kula da samfuran manya.
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Cutar da kwari
Hannun ganyayyaki sun zama launin ruwan kasa - rashin ruwa a cikin mafita, iska mai yawa, busasshen ruwa mai ban ruwa sosai.
Kodadde launin ruwan kasa a kan ganye - kunar rana a jiki, inuwa da shuka daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
Juyawar ci gaban girma da lalacewar ganye saboda hauhawar jini, yawan danshi ko bushewar iska.
Mutuwar tsiro ya fito ne daga ruwa zuwa ga filastin ko bayan fure (tsari).
Ganyayyaki sun zama rawaya sun mutu:
1. garkuwar Bromeliad. Kwaro zaune a cikin bangarorin biyu na ganye, ganye da abin ya shafa ya juya ya zama rawaya ya mutu. A kan ganyayen ganyayyakin sun bayyana launin dige, baƙar fata, garkuwar kwari. Da farko cire kwari daga ganye tare da auduga, sai a goge ganyen a ɓangarorin biyu da ruwan soso da sabulu ko barasa.
2. Red gizo-gizo mite. Ya bayyana a garesu na ganye, braids ganye tare da cobwebs. Shafa duk ganye tare da sabulu da ruwa, idan akwai mummunar lalacewa, ku bi da tare da lalata, fesa shuka a kai a kai.
Ganyayyaki ya zama amintattu da duhu duhu bayyana - fungal da kuma hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri cututtuka. A kwance cikin dakin kuma a cire ganyen da ciyawar ta lalace.
Hannun ganyayyaki suna lankwasa da bushe - rashin danshi a cikin ƙasa da iska.
Vriesia ta zubar da ganyayyaki, tare da bushewa mai ƙarfi na coma.
Inflorescence da ganyayyaki juya kodadde a cikin sautunan, tare da rashin haske.
Ff Jeffdelonge
Dabbobi
An canza Viyasiya (Vriesea fenestralis).
Ganyayyaki a cikin kanti ya kai 40 cm tsayi kuma 6-6.5 cm faɗin, kore kore, mai dumbin yawa na duhu kore, transverse da madaidaiciya madaidaiciya, madaidaiciya a saman, kyakkyawan scaly a ƙasan, launin shudi mai haske a saman. Inflorescence har zuwa 50 cm tsayi da 9 cm fadi. Furanni masu haske rawaya; bracts a kore da duhu launin ruwan kasa.
Brazil Kyan ado. Girma a cikin dumi greenhouses.
Chess Vriesia (Vriesea gigantea).
Ganyen suna cikin rosette (tsawan goblet sama da saman ƙasa), ɗan gajeren wando, mai ƙarfi, duhu mai duhu, mai launin rawaya mai haske a saman, da kuma launin ja-lilac a ƙasa. A inflorescence ne mai ɗan ƙaramin kwanon rufi, har zuwa 2 m tsawo (da panicle kanta ne 1-1.2 m tsawo.). Petals suna da fadi, kararrawa, mai launin rawaya. Yana tsiro a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi a Brazil. Girma a cikin dumi greenhouses.
Hieroglyphic vriesia (Vriesea hieroglyphica).
Kudancin Amurka Perennial har zuwa tsayi 1m. Short, m kara. Haske, koren haske mai haske mai haske har zuwa 75cm tsayi kuma har zuwa tsawon 8cm, tare da baƙar fata mai baƙi kuma an tattara su a cikin kayan cikin muhimmi. Rawaya, furanni tubular.
Babban Vriesia (Vriesea imperialis).
Bar a cikin mafita, babba, har zuwa 1.5 m tsawo, fadi, 10-12 cm fadi, kore, yayyafa a saman. Peduncle yana da ƙarfi sosai, an rufe shi da ganye. Inflorescence wani yanki ne mai ƙyalli; duk rassan cikin furanni masu yawa (ciki har da 35-40). Furanni suna da yawa, tsayin 15 cm, launin shuɗi-fari; bracts ja ko kore. An samo shi a cikin gandun daji na zafi a Brazil.
Semi-caudal Vriesia (Vriesea psittacina).
Ganyen suna da layi sosai, ba da jimawa ba, aka fadada su a gindi, kore mai kaɗa-nauyi. Peduncle mai haske ja. Furanni a cikin inflorescence ba su da yawa shirya; kofin launin rawaya, kore mai launin shuɗi, maraƙi mai zurfi; bracts muddin calyx, ja a ƙasa, orange-rawaya a sama. Tana zaune a cikin ruwan dazuka a kasar Brazil.
Royal Vriesia (Vriesea regina).
Tsire-tsire masu girma ne. Ganyayyaki a cikin kanti dogaye ne, faffir, 1-1.2 m tsawo da 15-18 cm m, m-kore, mai sheki, tare da wani dan kadan a nada. Peduncle 1.7-2 m tsayi. Inflorescence - branched panicle (branching drooping). Furannin fararen fari farare ne, daga baya yellowing, tare da kamshi mai daɗi; bracts suna kama da jirgin ruwa, ruwan hoda.
Yana girma cikin gandun daji na ƙasar Brazil.
Sanders Vriesia (Vriesea saundersii).
Kudancin Amurka Perennial har zuwa 40cm tsayi. Short, m kara. Fata, m, launin toka-kore, ganye mai kauri, tare da ƙaramin farfajiya mai haɓaka da tattarawa cikin rosette na basal. Rawaya, furanni tubular da kewayen daurin aure masu haske.
Babban Vriesia (Vriesea splendens manyan).
Bar cikin babban kanti, 60-80 cm a diamita, fadi, m cm cm, kore kore, a cikin ratsi-ja launi. Inflorescence yana da girma, 70-80 cm tsayi; bracts suna haske ja.
Sosai kayan ado na shuka. Girma a cikin dumi greenhouses.
Kyakkyawan Vriesia (Vriesea splendens).
Roundasa ko tsirrai masu tsirrai. A ganye ne sosai a cikin lanceolate, duhu kore, tare da mai gangara duhu purple ratsi da aibobi, tare da kololuwa lankwasa ƙasa. Inflorescence ne mai haɓaka mai narkewa. An shirya furanni a cikin layi biyu, rawaya; bracts Scarlet ja, m. Ya girma a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi a Guiana.
Kilevaya Vriesia (crilar Vriesea).
Yana girma a cikin gandun daji na gabashin Brazil. Epiphytic ko tsire-tsire mai ƙasa. Bar faɗin 20 cm tsayi da faɗin faɗin cm cm 2 cm, a kowane ɓangaren biyu an rufe shi da sikeli mai cikakken haske, madaidaiciyar layi, mai laushi, kore mai launi, ba tare da tsari ba. Peduncle har zuwa 30 cm tsayi, madaidaiciya ko drooping, mai bakin ciki; gajere da fadi-nesa tare da darajan triangular a kolin koli, fure-fure tare da tsattsauran ra'ayi. Bracts suna tsaye, matsanancin rufe gefan, kunkuntar, na bakin ciki tare da keel mai kaifi, mai ruwan hoda tare da rawaya mai launin shuɗi ko rawaya mai haske. Furanni suna matsi, akan gajerun furenn, rawaya, kore a saman, har zuwa tsawon 6 cm. Yana blooms a watan Yuni-Yuli, sake - a watan Nuwamba-Disamba.
Yawancin hybrids an san su. Yawancin su suna halin fure mai tsawo.
Kyakkyawan vriesia (Vriesia mai kyau).
Epiphytic ko tsire-tsire mai launin ƙasa tare da lan harshe (zaren, faffada, tare da gefuna masu tsage, nuna ko zagaye a gefen koli; ɗanɗano da aka rufe da sikeli a ɓangarorin biyu) suna barin 20-40 cm tsayi, kore, an yi masa ado mai raɗaɗi (kwance a kwance). Kara a cikin vriesia ya gajarta, daga 30 zuwa 60 cm tsayi. ganye ya zama mai kauri mai fadi-da-dimbin yawa rogelte. Furanni 2.5-5 cm, rawaya, wanda aka tattara cikin sauki-like, multicolor inflorescences, suna fitowa a kowane lokaci na shekara a kan ɗakin kwana, ƙararrawa mai launin shuɗi. Yawancin nau'ikan vriesia suna da tsawon lokacin fure (har zuwa watanni da yawa).
O Christophe cagé
