Kyau carissa (Carissa) yana da alaƙa kai tsaye ga dangin apocynaceae. Wannan nau'in halittar ya danganta kusan nau'ikan tsire-tsire 35, waɗanda ke wakiltar kananan ƙananan iri-iri na tsire-tsire, har ma da bishiyoyi. A yanayi, ana iya same su a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu zurfi da ƙasashen Afirka, Hong Kong da Ostiraliya.
A jikin rassan wannan dabi'ar ta shuka akwai daskararren yatsu biyu masu kaifi, wadanda suke da kauri sosai. Akwai nau'ikan da ke da tsalle-tsalle masu tsayi (har zuwa santimita 5). Ganyayyaki masu saɓani masu kishi suna da ɗan gajeren ɗan gajeren wando. Ganyayyaki masu sauki a tsawon zasu iya kaiwa daga 3 zuwa 8 santimita. Farantin ganye yana ɗanɗaɗa a hankali tare da tsakiyar jijiya. Ganyen suna da wadataccen launin duhu mai duhu, kuma ana ta zane jijiya mai launin shuɗi. Har ila yau ana yin zane-zanen matasa a cikin launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.
A shuka blooms na sosai tsawon lokaci, ko kuma wajen, kusan duk shekara. Tubular, furanni masu sauƙi suna da fure 5. Zasu iya zama ruwan hoda ko fari, furanni kuma suka girma a cikin sinus ɗin a ƙasan ciyawar. Za'a iya tattara furanni a cikin inflorescences ko sol sol. A waje, suna da kamannin furanni zuwa furannin sambac jasmin, kuma sun bambanta da ƙanshin ƙarfi da ƙarancin ƙarfi. A diamita, furen zai iya kai santimita 1-5.
A ƙarshen fure, ba 'ya'yan itace manya-manyan ba suka bayyana a maimakon furanni, waɗanda suke iri ɗaya a cikin fitowar su zuwa plums. Girman irin waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa sun dogara da nau'in shuka. Don haka girmansu ya bambanta daga 1.5 zuwa 6 santimita. Da farko, 'ya'yan itacen suna launin ja, amma a tsawon lokaci launinta ya canza zuwa baƙar fata ko shuɗi mai duhu. Ana iya cin waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa, kuma suna da kyakkyawan dandano. Theangaren litattafan almara, yana da ƙanshin itacen strawberries, yana da laushi mai daɗi. Ana horar da Carissa a matsayin bishiyar 'ya'yan itace, an girma a cikin lambuna.
Godiya ga shayarwa, yawancin nau'ikan carissa an haife su, amma a lokaci guda sun dage kan fruiting. Daban-daban "Fancy", kamar "Torrey Pines" suna yalwata da 'ya'ya kuma suna da manyan' ya'yan itatuwa. Grade "Gifford" yana daya daga cikin mafi inganci.
Hakanan, shayarwa sunyi ƙoƙarin haɓaka irin waɗannan nau'ikan waɗanda zasu yi reshe mai ƙarfi kuma suna da ƙananan girman. Wadannan nau'ikan suna da kyau don ƙirƙirar zane-zanen kore da shinge. Sakamakon tsire-tsire na bearan itace suna ba da veryan itace kaɗan, amma suna da spikes ba manya ba. Mafi mashahuri iri-iri ne "Grandiflora", kamar yadda yake karami a cikin girma da kuma blooms quite da yawa. Wannan iri-iri mafi yawanci ana zaɓa don namo a cikin yanayi na ɗakin, tunda wannan ingantaccen tsire-tsire ba shi da ƙima da rashin kulawa a cikin kulawa.
Kula da kulawa a gida
Haske
Ana buƙatar haske mai haske (kusan 6000-7800 lux). Wannan inji yana da girma a ƙarƙashin hasken rana kai tsaye, dangane da abin da aka bada shawara don zaɓar taga daidaituwa na kudu don matsayinta. Carissa zata ji dadi sosai a taga ko yamma. Lokacin da aka ɗora shi a kan taga gefen arewa, shuka ba zai sami haske don ci gaban al'ada ba, kuma ba zai yi fure ba. Duk da cewa a nan ma za ta iya yin girma, amma za ta sami bunkasuwa sosai.
Yanayin Zazzabi
A lokacin rani, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da carissa a yanayin zafi matsakaici daga digiri 18 zuwa 25. A cikin hunturu, ya fi kyau tura shi zuwa wuri mai sanyaya (daga digiri 14 zuwa 18), tare da irin wannan abun cikin bazara, fure zai kasance yalwatacce. Koyaya, idan akwai kyakkyawan haske wanda zai iya maye gurbin hasken rana kai tsaye, fure da 'ya'yan itace zasu ci gaba a duk shekara.
Yana da matuƙar tsayayya da canje-canje kwatsam a cikin zafin jiki kuma yana ƙaruwa da juriya na sanyi (ya iya tsayayya da raguwar-ba-dogon-zafin zafin jiki zuwa digiri 3) Ana ba da shawarar Carissa a cikin lokacin dumi don fitar da iska mai kyau, yayin da za ta iya kasancewa a wurin na dogon lokaci. Kuma akan loggia mai kyalli, ana iya girma itace daga Maris zuwa Oktoba.
Yadda ake ruwa
Watering ya kamata ya zama matsakaici, amma a lokaci guda akai-akai. Wannan inji yana da tsayayya wa fari kuma yana iya jure kusan kusan bushewar ƙasa. Shan ruwa yana da haɗari sosai a gare shi, saboda yana iya haifar da acidification na substrate da jujjuya tushen tsarin. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana yin ruwa kawai bayan ruwan sama ya bushe sosai.
Ya kamata a shayar da Carisse tare da ruwa mai laushi na musamman, wanda ya zauna aƙalla awanni 24.
Haushi
Ba ya buƙatar babban zafi kuma yana jin daɗin kwanciyar hankali ko da a cikin hunturu, lokacin da iska a cikin ɗakunan suna bushe sosai. Don haɓaka bayyanar itacen, har ma don dalilai masu tsabta, yana buƙatar shirya ruwan wanka a kai a kai.
Turawa
Karissa tana buƙatar ɗanyen huhu na harbe, wanda aka tsara don samar da kambi. Amma aikin lambu a wannan yanayin yana da rikitarwa ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa wannan shuka yana da alama sosai, kuma mai tushe yana girma mafi yawan lokuta a duk bangarorin, saboda haka yana da matukar wuya a samar da kambi mai kyau. A cikin akwati ba za a iya yanka da kõme. Itace tsiro mai saurin girma kuma bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci ya girma sosai. Kuma tun da akwai quite kaifi spikes a kan harbe, wannan na iya haifar da yawan damuwa.
Cakuda ƙasa
Babu wasu buƙatu na musamman don ƙasa, amma yana da kyau idan ya kasance ɗan alkaline kaɗan. Ji mai girma a duka humus da yashi ƙasa. Yana yarda da salinity a hankali. Abu ne mai sauki mai sauki don yin cakuda ƙasa mai dacewa a gida. Don yin wannan, hada takarda, peat, sod da ƙasa humus, har da yashi daidai gwargwado.
Kar ka manta game da kyakkyawan shimfidar mahaifa, wanda zai iya hana magudanar ruwa a cikin ƙasa.
Taki
A cikin taron cewa fure da fruiting ya ci gaba cikin shekara, to ya kamata a shafa takin ƙasa zuwa ƙasa, a matsayin mai mulkin, sau ɗaya a kowane mako 2 ko 3. A saboda wannan, takin mai ma'adinai ya dace sosai, wanda ya ƙunshi babban adadin phosphorus, wanda shuka ya buƙaci don fure mai tsawo. Hakanan, takin tare da nitrogen abu ne wanda ba a ke so, saboda suna tsoratar da haɓakar ɗanyen ganye. Saboda tsire-tsire bashi da chlorosis, ya zama dole a tsara yadda ake gabatar da chelates iron a cikin ƙasa don dalilai na kariya. Don haka, alal misali, ana iya yin wannan yayin shayarwa.
Siffofin Juyawa
Yayin da shuka yake ƙarami, ana yin saurin dasawa a cikin bazara kowace shekara. Subjectedarin samammu na yau da kullun ana fuskantar wannan aikin sau da yawa, ko kuma, sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru 2 ko 3. Idan ba a kwashe carissa na wani lokaci mai tsawo ba, to, an ganyaye ganyenta a hankali, kuma zata yi hankali sosai.
Pollination
Idan a gida kana son samun 'ya'yan itace daga wannan shuka, to, zaku buƙaci gudanar da pollination na wucin gadi na furanni.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Don haifuwa, ana amfani da tsaba, kazalika da itace. Shukewar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta yana faruwa da sauri, kusan rabin wata bayan shuka. Koyaya, haɓakar seedlings ya fi jinkirin. Irin wannan shuka yana farawa a shekara ta biyu.
A cuttings ya kamata a yanke apical harbe. Yakamata su kasance kanana a ciki kuma suna da 3 internodes. Rooting yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo, yawanci akan makonni 8-12. Nasarar da aka dasa itace mai kyau cikin wannan shekarar. Mafi kyawun duka, ana yin yankan a cikin karamin-greenhouse mai cike da cakuda perlite da peat. Tushen suna bayyana da wuya a ruwa.
Cutar da kwari
Yana da matukar jurewa ga cututtuka daban-daban. Mafi sau da yawa, rot akan Tushen ana kafa, wanda aka haifar da ambaliya.
Thrips, gizo-gizo mite da sikelin za su iya tsayawa. Idan an sami kwari, ya zama dole a matse ɗakunansu a ƙarƙashin ruwan wanka, sannan a aiwatar da magani tare da sinadarai waɗanda aka tsara musamman don wannan.
Yadda ake amfani
Fruitsa fruitsan itace grownanyun da aka girma a ɗiya suna ɗanɗano iri ɗaya kamar waɗanda aka girbe a gonar. Kuma daga gare su za ku iya dafa dankalin turawa, salatin 'ya'yan itace, jellies, da ƙari mai yawa.
Hankali! Duk ɓangarorin gwanayen, ban da 'ya'yan itacen, suna ɗauke da abubuwa masu guba. Hakanan suna kasancewa a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa mara kyau, don haka idan kun ci su, zaku iya sa guba.
