Iyakar abin da kawai ke shuka tare da 'ya'yan itace mai cinyewa daga dangin bromeliad shine abarba. Kuma har ila yau ana amfani da wannan tsire-tsire don narkar cikin gida, saboda tana da bayyanar yanayi.
Wani masanin kimiyyar Turai ne ya fara bayyana wannan asalin, kuma hakan ya faru ne a 1735. Sunan abarba ya fito ne daga sunan gida na wannan shuka, amma an gurbata shi dan kadan. Wannan tsiro ya fito ne daga Paraguay, Columbia, Brazil, da Venezuela.
Wannan nau'in halittar ya haɗu da nau'ikan 8 daban-daban waɗanda za a iya haɗuwa da su a cikin yanayin yanayi, kuma kusan rabin su suna girma a cikin katako.
Sau da yawa, nau'ikan 2 ne kawai ke girma a ɗaka. Waɗannan sune kamar: murƙushe abarba (Ananas comosus) da abarba mai rauni (Ananas bracteatus). A ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi, waɗannan tsirrai zasu iya kaiwa tsayin santimita ɗari, kuma a intiƙiƙi duk santimita 200.
Abarba abar girma a cikin gida baya kaiwa wannan girman. Don haka, idan an ba shi kyakkyawar kulawa, to zai iya yin girma zuwa santimita 70 kawai.
Abar kulawa na abarba
Yanayin Zazzabi
Yana son zafi sosai, sabili da haka, a cikin hunturu da bazara, a cikin dakin da abarba yake, bai kamata yayi sanyi fiye da digiri 16-17 ba. Dankin zai fi girma girma da ci gaba idan zazzabi akan windowsill (inda yake) ana kiyaye shi a digiri 22-25 a shekara-shekara.
Haske
Tana son haske sosai, don haka sanya shi, dole ne mutum ya zaɓi wurin da yake da haske. A lokacin kaka-hunturu, masana suna ba da shawarar shirya hasken wuta na shuka. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da fitilun fitila, wutar lantarki ta baya kuma ya kamata ya kai kimanin sa'o'i 8-10.
Yadda ake ruwa
A lokacin rani, ya kamata a girka ruwa sosai, amma, ya kamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa yakamata a ɗauki ciyawar ruwa kawai lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe. Don ban ruwa, ana amfani da ruwa mai ɗumi (digiri 30-35), wanda ya rage aƙalla kwana 1. Daga makonnin kaka na ƙarshe har zuwa ƙarshen lokacin hunturu, ya kamata a rage raguwar shayarwa sosai, tun a wannan lokacin ƙaramin adadin ruwa ya isa ga shuka.
Kuma a cikin lokacin zafi, shuka yana buƙatar fesawa akai-akai kuma daga lokaci zuwa lokaci yana buƙatar shawa mai zafi.
Cakuda ƙasa
Aciki mai dacewa (pH 4.0-5.0) da ƙasa mai laushi. Cakudawar ƙasa mai dacewa ta ƙunshi humus, ƙasar sod, yashi mai yanɗani da yankakken peat, waɗanda dole ne a ɗauka a cikin rabo na 2: 3: 1: 3. Dole ne ya zama dole kuma substrate ɗin kuma ya kasance sako-sako. Tukunyar filawa mai faɗi babba da ƙanana sun dace da abarba, saboda tushenta yana kusa da saman ƙasa.
Taki
Wajibi ne don ciyar da bazara da bazara 1 lokaci a cikin makonni biyu. Nitrogen taki ya dace da wannan, ko kuma, sayi takin gargajiya ko jiko na mullein.
Siffofin Juyawa
Wajibi ne don watsa abarba kawai idan akwai gaggawa, watau, lokacin da tsarin tushen ya daina dacewa da tukunyar. Kuma ba tare da a fili bukatar ta da shuka kada ta kasance.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Kuna iya yaduwa ta hanyar dasa saman 'ya'yan itacen cikakke ko ta rarrabe da amfani da basal. An yanke saman (sultan) a hankali, yana jira har sai ya bushe kadan, sannan ya dasa don dasawa. Rooting zai faru da sauri (bayan makonni 2-4), idan an sanya kwandon tare da saman a wurin mai dumama, lallai ne yakamata a kasance mai sanyayashi a kai a kai. Har yanzu masana suna ba da shawarar rufe shuka da hula daga jakar filastik ko kuma gilashin gilashi.
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana lura da fure abarba daga Mayu zuwa Yuli, amma wani lokacin yana iya farawa a cikin Disamba. Kawai tsirrai masu tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da shekara 3-4 za su iya yin fure. Haihuwar ɗan tayi daidai ne kuma tayi kama da curi. Ripening yana faruwa bayan watanni 4 ko 5. A saman 'ya'yan itace ana yin harbi mai ban mamaki, wanda kuma ake kira da Sultan. Don ɗaukar kimanin kimanin farkon farkon fure, kuna buƙatar sanya tukunya a cikin jaka cike da cikakke apples. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari mãsu fitarwa gas (ethylene), kuma yana taimaka a hanzarta flowering.
Cututtuka, kwari da matsaloli masu yiwuwa
Hanyoyin ganye na ganye sukan fara bushewa. - zafi mara nauyi sosai. Wannan inji yana da matukar son danshi, saboda haka idan akwai alamun haka, kuna buƙatar ƙara yawan zafi a cikin ɗakin.
Motsi ya bayyana a jikin bangon tankin da ƙasa - Wannan shi ne saboda wuce kima a cikin hunturu. Ya kamata a cire daskararren yashi tare da zane, yana samar da ruwa sosai.
Akwai ƙananan fitila na haske akan ganye. - Wannan, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana ba da shawarar cewa kwari irin su garkuwar arya sun zauna akan abarba. Don rabu da mu da su, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da ganyayyaki tare da bayani na potassiumgangan.
Tsarin tushen Rotten - wannan yana faruwa lokacin da abarba yana cikin wuri mai sanyi da danshi. Masana sun ba da shawarar rage ƙananan sashin kwandon zuwa nama mai lafiya, kuma sai a rage ragowar.
Abarba yana girma a hankali - ana iya lura da wannan lokacin da shuka yana cikin wuri mai sanyi (yayin da yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da ƙasa). Sanya shuka a cikin zafin rana kuma a shayar da shi da ruwa mai ɗumi.
Kamuwa da cuta tare da kwari masu cutarwa yana da matukar wuya.
