Dust - jiya, salatin - yau

Centuriesarnuka biyu sun shude tunda aka kawo salatin daga Turai zuwa Rasha. A kotun masarauta, an karbe shi da kara, amma ba a bukatar mafi yawa daga cikin lambu: akwai mafarkai da yawa, zobo, da raga. Sai kawai a ƙarshen wannan karni letas ake so a cikin lambu.

Kwanan nan an ƙirƙiri nau'ikan salatin iri-iri. Sun bambanta cikin sifa da launi na ganye: daga haske zuwa duhu kore, daga ruwan hoda zuwa duhu ja da launin ruwan kasa. Akwai ire-irensu tare da ganye mai laushi kuma suna cika baki sosai harma suna birgima, gefen ganyen ma shine ko ya juya cikin sikelin. Ganyen da kanta ko dai siliki mai laushi (“m”), sannan lokacin farin ciki, mai laushi, mara nauyi.

Ana iya raba nau'ikan letas zuwa nau'ikan hudu: ganye, kabeji, romaine da kara.

Bari muyi kokarin tare mu fahimci nau'ikan salati da kuma fasalolin fasahar su ta noma.

Tafarnuwa nau'in letas dabam dabam a cikin wannan ganyayyaki an tsage daga gare ta, ba tare da fitar da tsire-tsire ba. Ganyen suna da girma, mai kauri (tsawon rai, almara, mai siffa) ko yanka (ganyen itacen oak, dissected).

Muna suna iri:

Ballet - don girma a cikin tsaran ƙasa a cikin hunturu da farkon bazara, a kan gadaje - duk lokacin rani. Ganyen yana da faffada, kore mai duhu, babba, mai siffa-fan, gefen ganyen yana ƙyalli. Yin tsayayya da harbi da ƙananan haske. Tsarin Shuka 300-600 g.

Dubachek MS - don buyayyar ƙasa. Ganye suna haske kore, oak-leaved. Yana nauyin har zuwa 250 g. Yana da tsayayya wa harbi.

Robin - itacen oak-leaved, mai kama da Dubachek MS, amma ganyayyaki basu da kyau kuma an sanya su tare da anthocyanin a cikin launin shuɗi-ceri mai haske.

Emerald - don zirga-zirgar hunturu-bazara. Tsaka-tsaki. Ganyen yana obovate, koren duhu, mai kauri sosai. Amfanin shuka shine g 60. Ba ya tsufa tsawon lokaci, yana da dandano mai girma, kuma yana tsayayya da fitowar ganye.

Kritset - don mafaka (shuka tun Fabrairu) da bude ƙasa. Farkowa da wuri, ya farfado cikin kwanaki 40-45. Ganyen na bakin ciki ne; launin launi ne mai haske zuwa shuɗi. Girman tsire ɗaya shine g 250. Yana da tsayayya da tushe da zafi.

Sauran nau'ikan: Riga, Ruwan wuta, Kamarnyansky, greenhouse, Sabuwar Shekara.

Salatin kai

Salatin da aka yi birgima sune nau'ikan biyu: mai tsattsarkar mai da rudani. A Ingila, Spain, Ostiraliya, da Japan, ƙarshen suna girma sosai; a Faransa da wasu ƙasashe na Yammacin Turai, na farkon.

Salatin da aka sa a kai (rabin kan) ya girmi ganye. Bayan kwanaki 45-60 daga bayyanar seedlings, an kafa shugaban kabeji da siffofi da yawa.

A man letas ganye na waje wanda ya zama kai mai laushi ne, bakin ciki, kuma ganyen ciki suna shafawa ne ga tabawa.

Rawaya Berlin - don buyayyar ƙasa.

Ganyen yana da haske koren haske mai launin shuɗi. Shugaban kabeji yana yin la'akari har zuwa 300 g, matsakaici mai tsayi.

Bikin - don buyayyar ƙasa. Ganyayyaki kore ne tare da launin toka mai launin toka-toka, gefen ya ɗan wavy. Shugaban kabeji na yin la'akari har zuwa 400 g, mai yawa, farin-rawaya a ciki.

Noran - don shinge ƙasa. Shugaban kai har zuwa 250. Ganyen katako mai launin shuɗi ne tare da gefen bakin ciki.

Kado (rabin-yi birgima) - don buyayyar ƙasa. Tsaka-tsaki, ya fashe a cikin kwanaki 35-70 daga tsiro. Ganyen yana da launin shuɗi tare da ƙaƙƙarfan launi anthocyanin mai ƙarfi. Shugaban kabeji yakai 200 g.

Yankin Moscow - don buyayyar ƙasa. Matsakaici zuwa farkon, zagaye na kabeji mai nauyin 200 g matures cikin kwanaki 40-70. Ganyen kore ne. A balagagge shugaban kabeji ba ya rasa da halaye a kan itacen inabi har zuwa kwanaki goma.

Sesame (rabin-yi birgima) - duniya. Mid-ripening, ripens a cikin kwanaki 45-60. Ganyen yana duhu mai duhu tare da launi mai ƙarfi na anthocyanin. Shugaban da aka zagaye yayi awo 300 g.

Wasu nau'ikan: Nunin, Fentin Stubborn, Gudummawa, Libuse.

Mafi shahara daga cikin crunchy Kucheryavey, Odessa (rabin kai), amma akwai kuma sababbi: Olympus, Olympus, Tarzan, Celtic, Roxette, Saladin, Saurin, Siren.

Bankai (rabin-yi birgima) - don buyayyar ƙasa. Ganye suna duhu kore, mai siffa-fan. Shugaban kabeji yana yin nauyin 500. A cikin yawa, ba shi da ƙasa da cokali mai yatsa.

Babban kai - don bude ƙasa, ana iya girma a cikin bazara da bazara. Ganyayyaki a kanti suna da koren haske mai launin shuɗi tare da launin ruwan hoda mai haske, gefen. Round kai har zuwa 400 g, ciki haske ne launin rawaya.

Salatin Romen

Salatin Romaine yana samar da madaidaiciyar madaidaicin girma (ya danganta da iri-iri). Ganyayyaki a cikin kanti ana yinsu kai tsaye zuwa sama, wanda shine na hali ne kawai don irin wannan rukunin. A kan jakunkunan shigo da iri, yawanci alama alama ce ta Cos.

Veradartz - shugaban letas. Shugaban kabeji elongated-oval. Ganyayyaki na waje kore ne, kuma ciki na ciki launin shuɗi ne.

Wasu nau'ikan: Parisa, Sovsky, Balon.

Kara Salatin

Kara (bishiyar asparagus) salads, wanda babban sashin cin abinci shine tushe. Ganyensu kunkuntar, amma tushe yana da kauri. An yanke su a cikin raw a cikin salatin, kuma dafa shi a cikin tafasasshen tsari, kamar bishiyar asparagus. A Rasha, irin waɗannan salati sun shahara a Gabas ta Tsakiya, da ƙasashen waje - a Koriya, Japan, China,

Shuka ta kasance daga bazara zuwa kaka. Salatin yana tsiro akan duk ƙasa, za'a sami ruwa, wadataccen yanki da kuma kyakkyawan fitila. Kuma duk lokacin da komai ya rufe shi, sai ya girma kamar kayan komputa.

Hakanan za'a iya girma salatin ta hanyar shuka. Wannan hanyar tana da fa'idodi masu yawa: ana adana tsaba (an cire thinning), na uku na kakar girma, salatin yana kan gadaje a yanayin yanayin girma, ana iya sanya seedlings akan gadaje, ana 'yanta su daga kayan lambu na farko. Bayan karɓar shuki a cikin ƙasa mai kariya, an ƙirƙiri "tsere" don girbin farkon.

Shuka da tsaba a cikin kwalaye, kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa na insulated greenhouse a cikin layuka a nesa of 5 cm (idan seedling to sai shirya) da 10 cm (ba tare da daukana). Yawan seeding na shuka ya biyo ta hanyar ɗaukar 1-1.5 a kowace 1 sq M da 0.5 g a kowane murabba'in ba tare da ɗauka ba. Zurfin tsagi ya kai cm 1. Makonni biyu bayan an yi tsiro, a kwantar da seedlings a cikin tukwane na 3 × 3 ko 6 × 6 cm a girma.

Lingsalingsan itacen suna shirye don dasawa bayan fararen ganye na ainihi 3-4 sun haɓaka ko kwanaki 30-40 bayan fitowar su. Yana da matukar muhimmanci kada a zurfafa shi - lokacin dasa, ka tabbata cewa tushen wuya baya ƙasa da ƙasa. Shuka seedlings a cikin ƙasa m. Duk wani mummunan yanayin yayin dasawa zai iya hana ci gaban kuma ya haifar da toho. Tsarin dasa shuki don karamin nau'in cikakke - 20 × 20 cm, kuma don manyan nau'ikan -35 × 35 cm.

Kulawa da tsire-tsire gama gari ne: ƙawance, takin ƙasa da shayarwa. Ana buƙatar takin ƙasa da takin mai magani na nitrogen-potassium a lokacin lokacin ganye na girma, amma kafin su rufe. Don ci gaba na al'ada, tsirrai na letas suna buƙatar akai akai.

Fara shuka shuka da wuri-wuri. Don tsara "isar da kayan kore", yana da kyau a shuka salatin a cikin ɗan gajerun tazara (bayan sati biyu zuwa uku), musamman tunda tare da jinkirta lokacin girbi, shugabannin kabeji da sauri suka harba suka zama marasa amfani. A cikin yanayin bushewa, yin shayarwa na yau da kullun yana da muhimmanci musamman, tunda tushen tsarin salads ba shi da talauci kuma kusan duka yana cikin faranti na 6-10 cm.

Shiryawa don girbi an ƙaddara shi da girman kanti da girman kai na hankula ga wannan iri-iri. Don tabbatar da cewa shugaban ya tsayayye sosai, ɗauka da sauƙi danna bayan hannun ka a kan shuka. Idan ganye ba ya lanƙwasa, ba shi yiwuwa a procrastinate tare da girbi - yawancin nau'ikan bayan fara farawa haushi, ban da nau'in ganye. Fita, yankan su a gindi tare da freshan ganye roan ganye da yawa.

A cikin yankuna masu sauƙin sanyi, letas za a iya girma tare da shuka lokacin hunturu, amma (wanda ake buƙata) bai kamata barin barin amfanin gona ba don hunturu, amma tsirrai tare da setan ganye na 5-6. Salatin yana da sauƙin sanyi-yana iya tsayayya da sanyi zuwa usan ƙasa 10 °, kuma a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara har zuwa ɗan 20 °. Muhimmi:

• kada ku yi shuka da shuka, tsayar da shawarar dasa shuki;
• lokacin da dasa shuki seedlings ba ya zurfafa tushen wuya;
• Karku bushe ƙasa.

Kuma a ƙarshe, bari in tunatar da ku: salatin ya ƙunshi dukkanin bitamin da aka sani yanzu. Don hana atherosclerosis da cututtukan hanji da yawa, ya isa ya ci 100-150 g salatin yau da kullun. Yi tunani game da lafiyarku da haɓaka ƙarin salads, saboda yana da sauƙi.

Ba wani daidaituwa ba ne cewa a farkon labarin mun ambaci mafarkai da nettles. Ya zuwa yanzu, letas ya yi girma, kuma saiti da ɗakuna sun riga sun zama kore da ƙarfin da manyan. Yana da ban sha'awa idan aka kwatanta abubuwan gina jiki a cikin letas ganye, nettle da dash:

M abun ciki a cikin shuke-shuke herbaceous

Af, rot yana da tasirin anti-zingotic, yana inganta aikin hanji, kuma yana taimakawa cire fitar da ruwa mai yawa daga jiki. An dade ana amfani da shi wajen maganin gout, gazawar koda, cuta na mafitsara.

Haɗin abubuwan abubuwa masu kama da baƙin ƙarfe, jan ƙarfe da manganese yana sa ya dace da abinci mai gina jiki a cikin wasu nau'ikan cutar anemia. Ana amfani da datti azaman painkiller, warkarwa mai rauni, emollient.

A cikin kasuwar bazara ta kudu, ganye na kayan lambu suna hurawa da zari don hakan ya kasance sabo ne na dogon lokaci.

Ana girbe masara don amfanin nan gaba, ana sa gishiri, magi, an dafa shi kuma a bushe, kuma a cikin hunturu suna yin burodi da wuri kuma a dafa abinci iri-iri. A Chuvashia, miya daga "mafarki" na Serde shine abinci na gargajiya.

Don haka lokacin da ake girma tsirrai tsirrai, kar a manta da daji.

Mawallafa: L. Shashilova, mai shayar da Pushkin, Leningrad yankin