Yawancin lambu a yau sun watsar da amfani da takin ma'adinai, kuma a banza. Ba tare da wannan nau'in hadi ba, yana da matukar wahala a sami isasshen ciyawar ƙasa kuma, a sakamakon haka, amfanin gona mai kyau. Tabbas, takin mai ma'adinai yana buƙatar hanya ta musamman, amma tare da kwayoyin halitta, idan aka lissafta sashi na aikace-aikacen da ba daidai ba, zaku iya cutar da ƙasar ku da yawa. Sabili da haka, bari muyi la'akari da hankali: dalilin da yasa takin ma'adinai ke da mahimmanci da kuma yadda za'a yi amfani dasu daidai.
Takin zamani. Bee Saratu BecroftMenene takin ma'adinai
Ma'adinai mai ma'adinai sune mahadi na yanayin inorganic wanda ke dauke da abubuwan gina jiki da suka zama dole ga duniyar shuka. Cididdigar su na kwance cikin gaskiyar cewa sun kasance abubuwan gina jiki na taƙaitaccen maida hankali.
Mafi sau da yawa, waɗannan suna da sauƙi, ko kuma da ake kira takin mai magani ɗaya, wanda ya ƙunshi kayan abinci guda ɗaya (alal misali, phosphorus), amma akwai kuma rukuni na haɗin kai, takaddun takaddun da ke ƙunshe da abubuwa na asali da yawa a lokaci guda (misali, nitrogen da potassium). Wanne wanda za a nema ya dogara da abun da ke cikin ƙasa da sakamako da ake so. A kowane hali, kowane takin ma'adinai ya ba da shawarar halaye da lokutan aikace-aikace, wanda ke ba da tabbacin nasarar amfanin su.
Iri takin mai magani
A cikin mafi sauki shawara, takin ma'adinai ya kasu kashi nitrogen, potash da phosphorus. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa nitrogen, potassium da phosphorus sune manyan abubuwan gina jiki waɗanda ke da rinjayen tasiri kan haɓakar jituwa da haɓaka tsirrai. Tabbas, ba wanda ke ƙyamar mahimmancin wasu abubuwa, kamar su magnesium, zinc, baƙin ƙarfe, amma waɗannan ukun da aka lissafa ana ɗauka su ne tushen. Bari mu bincika su da tsari.
Abincin Nitrogen
Alamun rashi nitrogen a cikin ƙasa
Mafi sau da yawa, rashin takin nitrogen yana bayyana a cikin tsire-tsire a cikin bazara. Su girma ne aka hana, harbe ana kafa rauni, ganye ne a akasari ƙananan, inflorescences ne ƙanana. A wani mataki na gaba, ana gano wannan matsalar ta hanyar hasken fulawa, farawa daga jijiyoyin da nama yake kewaye da ita. Yawancin lokaci, wannan sakamako yana bayyana kanta a kan ƙananan ɓangaren tsire-tsire kuma yana tashi a hankali, yayin da ganye mai haske sosai suke sauka.
Yunwar Nitrogen na tumatir. © Itatuwa da suke FarantawaWadanda suka fi daukar hankali a karancin nitrogen sune tumatir, dankali, bishiyoyi da kuma shukar lambu. Ba damuwa irin nau'in amfanin gona na ƙasa ba - ana iya lura da raunin nitrogen akan kowane ɗayansu.
Iri nau'in takin Nitrogen
Mafi yawan takin mai magani na nitrogen shine nitonium nitrate da urea. Ko ta yaya, wannan rukunin ya hada da sinadarin ammonium sulfate, da kuma alli na nitrate, da sinadarin sodium, da azofosk, da nitroammophosk, da ammophos, da sinadarin nitmonium. Dukkansu suna da kayan daban daban kuma suna da tasiri daban-daban akan ƙasa da amfanin gona. Don haka, urea acidifies ƙasa, kuma alli, sodium da ammonium nitrate alkalinize shi. Beetroot yana ba da amsa ga nitrate nitrate, da albasa, cucumbers, salads da farin kabeji suna ba da amsa ga ammonium nitrate.
Hanyar Aikace-aikace
Nitrogen takin mai magani shine mafi hatsarin dukkan takin ma'adinai. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa tare da wuce haddi, tsire-tsire suna tara adadin nitrates a cikin kyallen takarda. Saboda haka, dole ne a yi amfani da nitrogen sosai a hankali, dangane da abun da ke ƙasa, amfanin gona da iri.
Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa nitrogen yana da ikon ƙaura, yana da buƙatar yin takin nitrogen tare da haɗawa nan da nan cikin ƙasa. A lokacin kaka, hadi da ƙasa tare da nitrogen ba shi da amfani, tunda yawancin ruwan sama yake wanke shi da lokacin shuka.
Wannan rukunin takin yana buƙatar takamaiman hanya yayin ajiya. Saboda karuwar hygroscopicity, dole ne a adana su a cikin kayan kunshin, ba tare da iska ba.
Tashar taki
Alamar karancin potassium a cikin kasar
Rashin ƙwayar potassium ba a bayyane yake nan da nan ba a cikin tsiro. A tsakiyar girma girma, za ka iya lura da cewa al'adunsu yana da wani m bluish tint na foliage, general Fading, kuma da mafi tsanani irin potassium yunwa, launin ruwan kasa aibobi ko ƙona (mutuwa) daga cikin dabaru na ganye. Haka kuma, kararsa a bayyane yake, yana da tsari mai fadi, gajere internodes, kuma galibi yana kasa. Irin wannan tsire-tsire yawanci baya a cikin girma, sannu a hankali suna samar da buds, ɓarnar 'ya'yan itatuwa. A cikin karas da tumatir tare da matsananciyar yunwar potassium, ban da alamomin da ke sama, ana lura da tsabtace ƙananan ganyayyaki, a cikin dankalin turawa, ƙwallon ƙafa suna mutuwa mutuwa, a cikin ganyayyakin ganyayyaki mafi kusa da gungu suna samun koren duhu ko shuɗi mai haske. Jijiyoyi a kan ganyayyaki na tsire-tsire masu jin yunwa suna kama da fada cikin naman ganye da ganye. Tare da karancin karancin potassium, bishiyoyi suna girma ba tare da yaduwar halitta ba, sannan kuma suka samar da kananan 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Rashin potassium a cikin tumatir. Nelson Scot NelsonDa isasshen abun ciki na potassium a cikin tsirrai na shuka yana samar musu da turgor mai kyau (jure wilting), ingantacciyar haɓaka tushen tsarin, cikakken tattara abubuwan gina jiki masu mahimmanci a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa, da juriya ga yanayin zafi da cututtuka.
Mafi sau da yawa, rashi potassium yana faruwa a cikin ƙasa mai acidic. Zai fi sauƙi a tantance ta hanyar bayyanar itacen apple, peach, plum, rasberi, pear da currant.
Nau'in ire-iren ire-iren ire-ire
A kan siyarwa zaka iya samun nau'ikan takin gargajiya na potash, musamman: nitrate na potassium, sinadarin chloride (mai kyau ga alayyafo da seleri, sauran al'adun sun nuna rashin kyawun sinadarin chlorine), potassium sulfate (yana da kyau kuma yana dauke da sulfur), kalimagnesia (potassium + magnesium), calimag. Bugu da kari, potassium wani bangare ne na irin takaddun takin zamani kamar nitroammophoskos, nitrophosk, carboammofosk.
Hanyar amfani da takin gargajiya
Yin amfani da takin mai magani na potash dole ne ya bi umarnin da aka haɗa dasu - wannan yana sauƙaƙa da kusancin ciyarwa kuma yana ba da sakamako mai aminci. Yana da Dole a rufe su cikin ƙasa nan da nan: a cikin kaka kaka - don digging, a cikin bazara don dasa shuki. Ana gabatar da chloride na potassium ne kawai a cikin bazara, saboda wannan yana sa ya yiwu yanayin yanayi da chlorine.
Tushen Tushen sun fi dacewa da aikace-aikacen takin mai magani na potash - a ƙarƙashin su, dole ne a yi amfani da potassium a cikin allurai masu yawa.
Takin takin Phosphate
Alamar rashiwar phosphorus
Ana nuna alamun rashin phosphorus a cikin kyallen takin shuka a kusan iri ɗaya kamar rashin nitrogen: tsiro ya girma mara kyau, yana samar da kara mai rauni na bakin ciki, yana jinkirtawa a cikin ciyawar da kuma 'ya'yan itaciya, kuma yana zubar da ƙananan ƙanana. Koyaya, sabanin matsananciyar yunwar nitrogen, rashiwar phosphorus baya haifar da walƙiya, amma duhu duhu na fadowa ganye, kuma a farkon matakan yana bawa petioles da veins na fulawa mai launin shuɗi da kuma murhun hutu.
Phosphorus azumi tumatir. . K. N. TiwariMafi yawancin lokuta, ana lura da rashiwar phosphorus akan kasa mai acidic. Rashin wannan abun shine aka ambata sosai akan tumatir, bishiyoyin apple, peaches, black currants.
Iri takin mai magani na phosphate
Fertilizersaya daga cikin takaddun ƙwayoyin phosphate da aka fi amfani dasu a kan kowane nau'in ƙasa shine superphosphate, monophosphate potassium yana ba da sakamako mai sauri, kuma gari foshoric shine zaɓi mai kyau.
Hanyoyi don amfani da takin mai magani na phosphate
Nawa ba sa kawo takin zamani - ba za su iya cutar da su ba. Amma duk da haka ya fi kyau kada a yi aiki ba da gangan ba, amma a bi ka'idodin da aka gindaya kan kunshin.
Yaushe kuma me tsire-tsire suke buƙata
Bukatar abinci mai gina jiki a cikin al'adu daban-daban ya bambanta, amma har yanzu akwai tsarin janar. Don haka, a lokacin kafin a sami ganyen farko na gaskiya, dukkan kananan tsire-tsire suna bukatar nitrogen da phosphorus zuwa mafi girma; raunin su a wannan matakin ci gaba ba za'a iya zuwa ba nan gaba, koda tare da inganta kayan miya - yanayin da ake zalunta zai ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen kakar girma.
Maganin chloride na potassium
Sulfate na Ammonium. Neman nema 
Amon kilogiram.
A lokacin da ake ci gaba da girma a cikin yawan tsire-tsire ta hanyar tsire-tsire, babban rawar da ke cikin abincin su shine nitrogen da potassium. A lokacin buduwa da fure, phosphorus ya sake zama mai mahimmanci. Idan foliar saman miya da phosphorus da potassium da takin mai magani ne da za'ayi a wannan matakin, tsirrai za su fara tara karfin tara sukari a cikin kyallen, wanda a karshe zai shafi ingancin amfanin gonar su.
Sabili da haka, ta amfani da takin mai ma'adinai yana yiwuwa ba kawai don kula da yawan ƙasa ba a matakin da ya dace, har ma don tsara girman fitowar daga yankin da aka noma.
Babban ka'idoji don amfani da takin mai ma'adinai
Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa ana iya amfani da takin ma'adinai duka biyu a matsayin babban takin (a cikin kaka don tono ƙasa, ko a lokacin bazara a cikin lokacin shuka), kuma a matsayin bambancin ciyarwar bazara-bazara. Kowannensu yana da ka'idoji da ka'idojin gabatarwa, amma akwai shawarwari gaba ɗaya waɗanda bai kamata a manta da su ba.
- Babu dalilin da yakamata ya kamata a girma takin a cikin jita-jita da ake amfani da shi don dafa abinci.
- Zai fi kyau a adana takin zamani a cikin injin mara ruwa.
- Idan takin mai magani na ma'adinai an caku, nan da nan kafin aikace-aikacen dole ne a murƙushe su ko wuce ta sieve, tare da rami mai rami na 3 zuwa 5 mm.
- Lokacin amfani da takin mai ma'adinai ga amfanin gona, mutum bazai wuce adadin da mai ƙira ya ƙaddamar dashi ba, amma yana da kyau a ƙididdige adadin da ake buƙata ta hanyar gwajin ƙasa. Gabaɗaya, za'a iya bada shawarar yin takin. takin nitrogen a cikin adadin: ammonium nitrate - 10 - 25 g da murabba'in mita, urea spraying - 5 g da lita 10 na ruwa; takin gargajiya: potassium chloride - 20 - 40 g da murabba'in murabba'i (a matsayin babban taki), don kayan miya na saman foliar tare da gishiri gishiri - 50 g a 10 l na ruwa; phosphorus na kashe: monophosphate na potassium - 20 g na 10 l na ruwa, don kayan miya na saman foliar da superphosphate - 50 g da 10 l na ruwa.
- Idan an yi rigar miya ta cikin ƙasa, yana da mahimmanci a gwada kar a sami mafita a kan ciyawar da ake haɗuwa da ita, ko kuma a tsabtace tsirrai da ruwa bayan an saka miya.
- Da takin mai magani a cikin tsari na bushe, da nitrogen-da kuma takin potassium, dole ne a saka su nan da nan a cikin matatar, amma ba zurfi sosai domin su kasance masu isa zuwa tushen sa.
- Don yin laushi takan tattara takaddun ma'adinai da aka gabatar a cikin ƙasa, ya wajaba a jika shi da kyau kafin a shafa shi.
- Idan akwai rashin nitrogen a cikin ƙasa, to dole ne a yi amfani da takin mai magani da ƙwayoyin potassium kawai a hade tare da wannan ɓoyayyen, in ba haka ba ba zasu kawo sakamakon da ake tsammanin ba.
- Idan ƙasa mai yumɓu - kashi na takin ya kamata a ɗan ƙara girma; yashi - an rage, amma ya ninka adadin takin. Na takin mai magani na phosphate na yumɓun yumɓu, yana da kyau zaɓi superphosphate, don ƙasa mai yashi kowane takin ƙasa da yashi ya dace.
- A cikin yankuna masu dumbin yawa (rukunin tsakiya), ana bada shawarar yin amfani da na uku na babban takin kai tsaye lokacin shuka iri ko dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa a cikin dasa ramuka da tsintsaye. Saboda tsire-tsire ba sa karɓar tushen ƙonewa, dole ne a shigar da abun da ke ciki da kyau tare da ƙasa.
- Mafi girman tasirin inganta haɓakar ƙasa zai iya samu ta hanyar canza ma'adinin ƙasa da takin gargajiya.
- Idan dasa a kan gadaje ya girma sosai har suna rufe, mafi kyawun zaɓi don miya babba shine miya mai kwalliya (foliar).
- Foliar saman miya ne da za'ayi a cikin bazara a kan matasa kafa foliage. Tushen saman miya tare da takin gargajiya na potash ana aiwatar dashi a cikin kaka, rufe takin mai magani zuwa zurfin 10 cm.
- Aikace-aikacen takin zamani na ma'adinai azaman babban abin sarrafawa ana faruwa ne ta hanyar watsuwa a saman duniya tare da m hadewar cikin ƙasa.
- Idan ana amfani da takin mai ma'adinai ga ƙasa tare da takin gargajiya, kuma wannan ita ce hanya mafi inganci, allurai na takin zamani dole ne ya rage ta kashi uku.
- Mafi amfani shine takin ƙasa mai girma, amma dole ne a yi amfani dasu don digging kaka.
