Bishiyoyi

Strawberries (Fragaria moschata ko Fragaria elatior) - wannan shine yadda masana kimiyya suka fara kiran strawberries nutmeg daga karni na 18. Wannan tsire-tsire yana da sunaye da yawa, misali: strawberry, lambu, ko Turai, ko tsayi, ko haƙiƙa, ko Stickard musky, ko spaniard (shpanka), ko nutmeg, ko babba. Tun daga farkon karni na 20, allolin karya na lambun strawberries (ko dai manyan-fruited ko abarba) a cikin mutane sun fara kiranta strawberries bisa kuskure. Koyaya, strawberries abarba ba daga kroran lambu ba, amma daga 'yar tsirrai na Victoria da Chilean. 'Ya'yan itace' yar itace (ciyawar daji) sun bayyana a cikin kasashen turai a cikin 1739, ya kasance dan kwali ne. Ba kamar lambun lambun lambu ba, tumatir na da girma. Sunan "strawberry" yana da tushen Rasha "kulob", wanda ke nufin "mai sihiri, zagaye." Koyaya, ya kamata a tuna cewa mafi mahimmanci shine kada a sanya sunan daidai a lambun ku, amma a kula da kyau kuma a bi ka'idodin fasahar kere kere.

Siffofin lambun strawberries

Babban dangi na lambu strawberries shine strawberries. Strawberry shine tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire. A saman motsin sa na tsaye akwai fitsari, tsayinsa ya kai santimita 15-40. Tsarin tushen fibrous mai zurfi yana tafiya cikin zurfi a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar mita 0.3-0.4. Fafaren faren ganye na kankara suna da gajerun faranti, siffarsu mai sau ukun ce-hadaddun, sun haɗa da letsayoyin ganye marasa tushe tare da babban yatsa. An tattara su zuwa tashar wuta. A gaban farfajiya na ganyayyaki akwai fitsari, gefen da ba daidai ba yana da daskararren gashi kuma jijiyoyin jikinta suna rawa. Gashin gashin baki (inuwa masu jan kunne), farji da kaho (wanda aka gajarta mai tushe) ana rarrabe su daga irin wannan shuka. Ko yawan strawberries suna da 'ya'ya ko ba za a shar'anta su da yawan ƙaho a cikin daji ba da kuma yawan awo da ke cikin ƙaho. Inflorescences na thyroid ya kunshi fararen furanni 5-12. Wannan al'ada ta kumbura na kimanin kwanaki 20. Ana kiransa Berry yawanci karɓa mai haɓaka. Koyaya, a zahirin gaskiya, 'ya'yan itaciyar irin wannan tsiran sunadarai ne masu kwalliya da ke kan wannan dakin karbar kayan. Irin wannan al'ada ta shahara sosai tsakanin masu lambu. Domin da yawa shekara ɗari, strawberries, tare da gooseberries da currants, kasance sosai rare amfanin gona a noma.

Dasa strawberries a cikin ƙasa bude

Wani lokaci don shuka

Dasa strawberries za'a iya yi a cikin kaka da bazara. An bada shawarar dasa shuki daga tsakiyar watan Agusta zuwa na biyu na Satumba, a wannan yanayin, a kakar wasa ta gaba, wannan amfanin gona zai bada damar girbi mai kyau. A yayin taron cewa havea seedlingsan na da rufaffiyar tsarin tushen (ya girma a cikin kaset ko kwantena), to an bada shawara don dasa shi ta hanyar natsuwa daga tsakiyar watan Yuli zuwa rabin na biyu na watan Agusta. Dasa dasa strawberries zai fi kyau a ranar girgije kai tsaye bayan ruwa ko ruwan sama. An dasa shuki da wuri sosai da wuri-wuri.

Yawan Strawberry ya dogara da ingancin seedlings. Idan kuna so, zaku iya fara shuka irin wannan shuki da kanku, duk da haka, ya dace kuyi la’akari da cewa wannan tsari zai ɗauki lokaci mai yawa da ƙoƙari, kuma a ƙarshe za ku sami tsirrai tare da ƙaho guda. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, aiwatar da girma seedlings yana ɗaukar shekaru 1-3. Koyaya, wannan hanyar haifuwa tana da babban ƙari, za'a iya dasa shi nan da nan zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa da zaran lokacin yayi daidai, yayin ɗaukar shi tare da dunƙule ƙasar. Wannan yana ba da damar seedlings su guji damuwa, wanda, idan an adana shi na dogon lokaci, tabbas zai faru, haka kuma yanayin rayuwarsa zai fi kyau. Koyaya, yawancin lambu masu gogewa sun gwammace su sayi kayan dasa a cikin wuraren tabbatarwa waɗanda ke da suna. Ya kamata a ɗauka cewa tunawa da tsire-tsire ba tare da buɗaɗɗen tushe ba za a saya ba, saboda tsarin tushensa ya fi muni, kuma za a iya girbe amfanin gona daga tsiron bushes kawai bayan onlyan shekaru. Ta hanyar sayen kayan dasawa a cikin kwantena ko kaset, zaka iya samun girbi mai yawa daga irin tsire-tsire cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Koyaya, ya kamata a lura cewa irin waɗannan ƙwayoyi sun fi tsada.

Ilasa don strawberries

Don dasa shuki wannan amfanin gona, ya kamata ka zaɓi yankin da ke da fitila wanda ke da kariya daga iska mai ƙarfi. Yakamata kasar gona da yakamata a cika ta da kwayoyin halitta. Wannan tsiro na tsiro mafi kyau akan loam mai sauƙi ko yashin loam; soilasan dajin da launin toka da ƙasa baƙi kuma sun dace sosai da aikinta. An ba da shawarar yin girma strawberries akan yumɓu ƙasa. Yana da kyau sosai idan ruwan karkashin kasa zai faru a zurfin 0.6-0.8 m a cikin yankin, yayin da pH na ƙasa ya kamata 5.7-6.2. Mafi kyawun magabata sune hatsi, tafarnuwa, marigolds, ganye, albasa da petunia. Ba tare da juyawa ba, wannan al'adar tana girma tsawon shekaru 3 ko 4. Bayan dasawa akan tsohuwar rukunin yanar gizon, zai iya yiwuwa a sake shuka strawberries bayan kawai shekaru 2-3.

Dasa strawberries a cikin bazara

A cikin bazara, ana shuka strawberries sosai wuya. Ya kamata a shirya saukowa a gaba. Don haka, sun tono shi a ƙarshen kaka, suna ƙara 100 grams na superphosphate, kilo 5 na taki ko kilogram 8 na humus da kilo 50 na giyan potassium a kowace muraba'in 1 zuwa ƙasa. A cikin bazara, ana shuka shuka da aka shuka sosai. Don kwana uku, ya kamata a sanya seedlings a cikin wuri mai sanyi, bayan wannan an dasa shi. A cikin taron cewa a cikin kaka ba a amfani da takin gargajiya na ƙasa ba, to a cikin kowane rami kafin dasawa, yakamata ya miƙa hannu a cikin itacen ash da 2 ko 3 humus. Nisa tsakanin bushes, da jerawa layi ɗaya ya zama daidai da 0.3 m ramin ya kamata ya zama mai zurfi har zai iya sanya tushen tsiron, kuma a tsaye. Don seedlings dauki tushen sosai da sauri, gogaggen lambu shawara zuwa tsunkule mafi tsawo tushe. Hakanan, duk faranti na ganye dole ne a cire shi daga shuka wanda aka shuka, ya bar 3 ko 4 mafi girma. Bayan dasa, wuya na strawberries ya kamata ya zame tare da farfajiya na ƙasa. Idan kanaso, da farko zaku iya cika ramin da ruwa, sannan ku nutsar da tushen ƙwayar. Sannan rami ya cika da ƙasa, wanda dole sai an haɗa shi da kyau. Hanya ta biyu - ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ramuka na bushe, sannan, lokacin da ƙasa kusa da bushes ɗin an daidaita sosai, ana shayar da su sosai. An ba da shawarar saukowa da yamma ko a ranar girgije. A cikin taron cewa akwai yuwuwar sanyi za ta iya dawowa, zai fi kyau a rufe filayen tare da fim.

Dasa strawberries a cikin kaka

Dasa strawberries a cikin kaka ya fi na bazara, domin a lokaci mai zuwa zai yuwu a girbe amfanin gona mai kyau daga gare ta. Tsire-tsire masu dasa shuki zai ba da 'ya'yan fari na farko bayan shekara guda, amma wannan kawai idan ba a lalata su ta hanyar dawowar sanyi ba. Wajibi ne don shirya wurin girbin kaka a farkon lokacin bazara, saboda haka an haƙa shi, yana yin takin da yakamata. Don adana sarari a wannan rukunin yanar gizon, zaku iya shuka amfanin gona na farkon, waɗanda suke magabata na kwarai na strawberries, alal misali: tafarnuwa, seleri, albasa ko karas. Dole ne a kula da tushen tushen seedlings tare da fungicides. Dasa shuki a cikin bazara ya zama iri ɗaya daidai da lokacin bazara.

Kulawar Strawberry

A cikin shekarar farko ta girma, strawberries zai zama dole ya samar da tsarin tushen saiti mai ƙarfi, dangane da wannan, masana sun ba da shawara su datse dukkan mustaches da farfajiyoyin a wancan lokacin don kada tsirran ya ɓata ƙarfi a kansu. Kula da tsofaffin bushes yana farawa a farkon bazara. Lokacin da lokacin girma ya fara, shafin zai buƙaci samun 'yanci daga tsohuwar matattarwar mulching, kuma duk bushewa, dole ne a yanke fararen baƙi da tsohuwar faranti. Fuskar kasar gona tsakanin tsirrai na bukatar a kwance su. Bayan haka, zai zama dole a kula da irin wannan amfanin gona daidai da na wasu mutane da ke girma a gonar, wato: ruwa bisa tsari, ciyawa, sassauta kasar gona, ciyar da sarrafa ta daga wasu kwari da cututtuka.

Ciyawar strawberries

Irin wannan shuka farawa ne a tsakiyar watan Mayu. Idan a lokacin fure ne ake kula da strawberries yadda yakamata, wannan zai iya tasiri da ingancin amfanin gonar. Lokacin da ya fara yin fure, taki wanda ke dauke da potassium, da ash ash da humus, dole ne a kara shi a cikin ƙasa. Don yin amfanin gona yalwatacce, da bushes bukatar a bi da tare da wani bayani na boric acid (1 karamin cokali 1 da guga na ruwa), godiya ga wannan, ovaries za su zama ya fi girma. A wannan lokacin, ya zama dole a samar da weir na zamani, tare da kwance farfajiyar ƙasa, tunda ɓoyayyen da ya bayyana akan danshi ba zai bada izinin Tushen yin numfashi ba. Kafin farkon berries ya huda, ƙasa ƙasa kusa da tsire-tsire yana buƙatar rufe da ciyawa. Don yin girbi kamar yadda zai yiwu, a wannan lokacin tare da taimakon mai tafasa, ya kamata a cire kifin mustash da faranti na ganye daga bushes.

Yadda ake ruwa

Domin da berries zama babba, strawberries zai buƙaci yawan shayarwa. Amma ya kamata a lura cewa kuna buƙatar shayar da shi don kada wani tsayayyen ruwa ya zama tushen sa. Ka tuna cewa saboda karancin ruwa, tsarin farfajiya na tushen bushes yana shan wahala, ko kuma hakan, ya bushe. Idan akwai ruwa sosai, to, tushen ko toshiya zata ci gaba akan tsarin tushe. Strawberry watering yana farawa a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Afrilu. A 1 m² ya kamata ya tafi kan matsakaita daga lita 10 zuwa 12 na ruwa. Bai kamata yayi sanyi ba. Idan yanayin yayi zafi na matsakaici, zai isa ya shayar da strawberries sau 1 cikin kwanaki 10-12. A lokacin zafi mai zafi, irin wannan amfanin gona dole ne a shayar da shi sau da yawa - sau 3 ko sau 4 a cikin kwanaki 7. Daga Agusta zuwa Oktoba (wanda aka haɗa) a cikin lokacin rani, ya kamata a shayar da tsire-tsire sau biyu a kowace kwanaki 7. Ana ba da shawarar wannan hanyar da safe, yayin da ake zubar da ruwa ya kamata a mai da hankali sosai, tun da ƙanƙanin ruwansa kada ya kasance a saman inflorescences ko ƙwayoyin ganye. Har zuwa lokacin ciyawar fure ya yi girma, ya fi kyau a shayar da strawberries ta hanyar yayyafa, kuma yayin da bushes zai yi fure, daskararren ruwa wanda yake cikakke ne a gare su.

Taki

Haɗa tsintsiya bushes ana aikata aƙalla sau uku a kowace kakar. A farkon lokacin bazara, lokacin da za a tsabtace shafin da ciyawar da ba dole ba daga cikin bushes, ya kamata a kara Nitroammofoski (1 guga na ruwa 1 babban cokali) a cikin ƙasa, idan ana so, ana iya maye gurbin shi da jiko na kaza (1:12) ko mullein ( 1:10). Don daji 1, 500 ml na maganin gina jiki ya kamata ya tafi. Don haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa da haɓaka na strawberries, ya wajaba a gare ta ta ba da ganye, domin wannan ana amfani da takin ma'adinai masu zuwa: ammonium molybdenum acid, boric acid da potassium permanganate (2 g kowane abu ya kamata a sha 1 guga na ruwa). A lokacin ƙirƙirar buds da 'ya'yan itatuwa, strawberries suna buƙatar potassium, sabili da haka jiko na kaza, itace ash ko potassium nitrate ya kamata a ƙara ƙasa. Kuma kar ku manta cewa ganye a wannan lokacin za'a iya bi dashi tare da maganin boric acid. Lokacin da aka dauko Berry, kuma an datse ganyayyaki, maganin Nitroammofoski (ma'aurata manyan cokali biyu na kayan da guga 1 na ruwa) zasu buƙaci ƙara ƙasa. Don ta da kwanciya na fure fure na kakar mai zuwa, ya wajaba a takin bushes tare da urea a cikin watan Agusta (gram 30 da guga na ruwa). Bayan irin wannan babban miya, strawberries suna buƙatar shayarwa. Hakanan ya kamata ku kula da gaskiyar cewa a cikin kantin sayar da kayayyaki na musamman zaku iya sayan takaddun takaddun takamaiman don strawberries, wanda ya haɗa da dukkanin abubuwan da wannan amfanin gona ke buƙata. Wannan cakuda abinci mai gina jiki yana taimakawa yawan amfanin gona da kashi 30 cikin dari.

Juyawa

Girma na strawberries yana tsayawa a shekara ta huɗu, daga abin da yawancinta ya ragu. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa tsawon shekaru 4 na girma na bushes a wuri guda, an cika ƙasa sosai. A wannan batun, masana sun ba da shawara ga dasa bishiyoyin zuwa sabon wuri sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 3 ko 4. Don dasawa, ya zama dole don zaɓar bushes mai ƙarfi da cikakkiyar lafiya, yayin da yake tuna cewa ya kamata su kasance ba su wuce shekaru uku ba. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa bushes sun girmi shekaru uku da haihuwa kuma bayan tsarin dasawa ba zai gamsar da yalwar fruiting ba, don haka kawai su haƙa su jefa su. Kuna iya juyawa bushes a cikin bazara ko a cikin makonni na ƙarshe na lokacin bazara, yayin da ya kamata ku zaɓi ranar girgije. Shirya saitin filin kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama. Cire bushes daga ƙasa kuma cire ƙasa daga tushen tushen su. Tsunke asalinsu ¼ ɓangare na tsawon, to, ana nutsar da su a cikin wani dabbar yumɓu mai yumɓu, aka dasa su a wani sabon wuri. Tsirrai masu tsire-tsire suna buƙatar kyakkyawan ruwa, to, ya kamata a rufe saman ƙasa da wani yanki na sawdust ko peat.

Kamar yadda wataƙila kun rigaya kun fahimta, ba shi da wahala a shuka strawberries, babban abin magana shi ne sanin yadda ake yin shi daidai da yadda ake kulawa da shi.

Strawberry yaduwa

Gashin baki na yawo mai yaduwa

Lokacin da strawberries zai yi 'ya'yan itace, ana bada shawara don zaɓar bushes wanda ya fi dacewa da yaduwa don yaduwa, wanda ya kamata ya kasance shekaru 1 ko 2, yayin da lura cewa' ya'yansu ya kamata ya fi girma. Zaɓi gashin baki mafi girma, wanda zai tashi daga bushes ɗin da kuka zaɓi, dasa shi a cikin tukunyar seedling sannan kuma zai kasance don sanya su. Kawai mafi girman rosettes ana zaba don yaduwa, da kuma mustaches na biyu da na uku domin, kazalika da sauran creeping harbe cewa gama gashin-baki zuwa daji, ya kamata a datsa. A watan Yuli, daga faranti 4 zuwa 6 ya kamata ya girma a kan gashin-baki da aka zaba, idan hakan ta faru, an rabasu da rosettes daga wurin iyayen da aka dasa su zuwa wuri mai danshi tare da dunƙulewar ƙasa. Dasawa bushes bukatar watering.

Sake bugun ta hanyar rarraba daji

Wannan hanyar haifarwa ya dace kawai don gyara strawberries, saboda kusan ba ya girma a wuraren. Hakanan yana iya zama da amfani idan ba'asan seedlings ba. Domin rabo zabi shekara biyu ko shekaru uku bushes, wanda da ci gaba tushen tsarin. A cikin bazara ko kaka, dole ne a cire daji da ke da haɓaka mai kyau daga ƙasa kuma ya kasu kashi da yawa, yayin da ya kamata a lura cewa kowane ƙaho ya kamata ya sami ganye da ganye da asalinsu. Samu delenki dasa a cikin wani sabon wuri.

Tsarin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar kananan-fruited remontant

A watan Yuli-Agusta, kuna buƙatar zaɓar mafi girma da 'ya'yan itattakakken' ya'yan itace Tare da wuka mai kaifi, ana yanke Layer tare da tsaba daga gare su, to, ana shafa shi a kan zane, wanda aka sanya a wuri mai zafin rana don bushe. Lokacin da taro ya bushe, ya sake zama ƙasa, yayin ƙoƙarin tattara dukkanin ƙananan tsaba. An zuba su cikin jaka na takarda kuma a sanya su a ajiya. A watan Fabrairu, cire tsaba kuma jiƙa su ta hanyar nutsar da ruwa. Ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa ruwan dole ne ya narke ko ruwan sama, kuma dole ne a musanya shi sau biyu a rana. Idan aka sayi tsaba a cikin shago, to lallai suna buƙatar nutsarwa awanni da yawa a cikin maganin da ke hanzarta haɓaka.

A kasan kwandon, kuna buƙatar yin kyakkyawan magudanar ruwa na tubalin da ya karye. Sannan yana cike da cakuda ƙasa wanda ya kunshi yashi kogin, humus da lambun gona, suna buƙatar ɗaukar su a cikin rabo na 1: 2: 1. Dole ne a yi amfani da grooves a cikin gaurayawar ƙasa, yayin da nisa tsakanin su ya zama kusan milimita 50.Tsarin yana buƙatar zurfafa da milimita 5 kawai, to, a ɗan rufe su, kuma kwandon da ke saman yana buƙatar rufe gilashi. An sanya filayen a wani wuri inda zafin jiki na iska yakamata ya kasance cikin kewayon 20 zuwa 25, inda yakamata su tsawan tsawan kwanaki 15. Amfanin gona zai buƙaci iska ta yau da kullun da kuma shayar da tanki cikin kwalin. Watering da amfanin gona za a iya yi a wata hanya, domin wannan dusar ƙanƙara Layer an dage farawa a kan saman substrate, kauri wanda ya zama daga 8 zuwa 10 santimita. Lokacin da farkon harbe ya bayyana, ana jigilar kwantena zuwa wurin da ake cike da wuta. Bayan rabin wata, farantin ganye na ainihi na farko ya kamata ya girma a cikin seedlings. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, ana buƙatar shuka shuka. Don yin wannan, ana haƙa kowane seedling a hankali, yana matse tushen sa, sannan dasa shuki a cikin tukunya. Rike nisan mil 20-30 tsakanin tsirrai. Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka fara haɓaka farantin ganye na ainihi 4 ko 5, ya kamata a sake rayuwarsu akai-akai, yayin da suke bin tsarin santimita 5x5. Kafin sake dasa seedlings a cikin ƙasa, dole ne a taurare.

Strawberry pruning

Wani lokaci don amfanin gona

Daga cikin lambu, jayayya a kan ko trimming na wilted strawberry foliage ko ba ya kamata ci gaba har zuwa yau. A kan wane bangaran gaskiyar ba shi yiwuwa a tantance, amma ya kamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa idan an cire tsoffin faranti na ganye daga daji, to wannan ba zai cutar da shi ba. Bayan farawarsu da bushewarsu, kuma tabo ya zama bisa farfajiya, zai yuwu a yanke su ta hanyar zabar safiya ko maraice, kuma yakamata ya bushe da girgije.

Runwararrun dokoki

Yanke ganye tare da kaifi sosai almakashi ko secateurs. Koyaya, ba kwa buƙatar datsa farantin ganye "a ƙarƙashin tushe", ya zama dole harbe da ƙwaya su kasance a daji, tsawonsu wanda ya isa zuwa santimita 10. Kadai ganye da kwandon da ba dole ba a yanke. Hakanan kuna buƙatar tono ƙyallen yaro mai haɓaka gashin baki domin su hanzarta inganta tushen tushen. A cikin taron cewa ba za ku iya yaduwar strawberries tare da gashin-baki ba, to kuna buƙatar cire su duka, wanda zai guji ɓoye gadaje.

Lokacin da aka gama yin kwalliyar, ya zama dole a kwance farfajiyar shafin, sannan kuma dole ne a zubar dashi da maganin potassiumgangan. Na gaba, ana ciyar da strawberries. Har sai farantin ƙaramin ganye ya yi girma, tsire-tsire za su buƙaci yin shayar da tsari, a tabbata cewa ƙasa tana daɗaɗa ɗanɗan daɗaɗɗa. A cikin abin da matasa suka girma a cikin strawberries, zai iya jure wa kowane hunturu, har ma da sanyi. A ƙarshen kaka, ana bada shawara don rufe bushes tare da allurar Pine, wanda zai kare su daga tsananin sanyi.

Karin kwari da cututtuka na strawberries

Strawberry cuta

Kulawar Strawberry yana da rikitarwa ta dalilin cewa tana iya yin rashin lafiya tare da wasu cututtuka da yawa, kuma sau da yawa kwari suna zama akan sa. Sau da yawa, lambu ba zai iya fahimtar dalilin da ya sa a fili lafiya bushes fara bushe fita ko rot, a duk yanayin wannan shi ne saboda daban-daban kwari da cututtuka. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan al'ada ta shafi 'ya'yan itace, tushen da launin toka rot, powdery mildew, launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan kasa da fari spots (septoria), jaundice, fusarium, ƙarshen blight da verticillosis. Yawancin wadannan cututtukan sune fungal. Don kiyaye strawberries lafiya, ya isa bin duk dokokin fasahar aikin gona kuma ku mai da hankali sosai ga zaɓi na magabata masu dacewa (jujjuya amfanin gona). Hakanan mahimmanci shine spraying of bushes don dalilai na rigakafin, wanda za'ayi a cikin bazara da ƙarshen lokacin girma. Idan har yanzu shuka ba ta da lafiya, to, akwai buƙatar ta fesa tare da ɗayan jami'in fungicidal.

Karin kwari

Mafi sau da yawa strawberries suna cutar da strawberry nematodes, ticks, ganye beetles, duhu nutcrackers da strawberry rasberi weevil. Kuma ma katantanwa, slugs da ja tururuwa zauna a kan bushes. Don dogaro da kare strawberry gadaje daga wadannan kwari, kana kawai tabbatar da ta dace kula da tsire-tsire, kazalika da spraying na bushes da ƙasa a karkashin su tare da kwari na rigakafin.

Tsarin Strawberry

Ra'ayoyin masana da na lambu sun yarda cewa ya fi sauƙi a hana ci gaban wata cuta maimakon a magance ta daga baya. Guda iri ɗaya ke faruwa ga kwari, duk ƙarin abin da yakamata a la'akari dashi shine wasu daga cikinsu jaba'ai ne masu haɗarin gaske kuma wasu lokutan kamuwa da cuta. A saboda wannan, ana ba da tsarin kulawa, tsari wanda shine rigakafin cututtuka da kwari. A karo na farko da lokacin da ake yin feshin shara ana yin sa ne a farkon farkon lokacin bazara. Kuma na biyu da na ƙarshe irin wannan magani na kakar ana gudana ne a ƙarshen ƙarshen girma a cikin kaka, lokacin da aka gama girbin 'ya'yan itaciyar, an cire ƙarin setan fari da ganyaye, kuma ciyawar da kanta za ta shirya don hunturu mai zuwa.

Daga kwari da cututtuka, wannan al'adar tana yayyafa ta hanyoyi da yawa. A cikin bazara, kafin buds kumbura, gogaggen lambu shawara shawara yankan duk foliage daga bushes da cire topsoil a yankin inda pathogenic microorganisms da kwaro larvae shirya a can domin wintering. Idan babu wani muradi don cire saman, sai a kwance shi zuwa zurfin 6 zuwa 8 santimita. Don haka dole ne a kula da saman shafin tare da maganin maganin sarkar sulfate (2-3%) ko cakuda Bordeaux (3-4%). Maimaitawa ta wannan hanyar ana yin su ne a watan Satumba ko Oktoba. Koyaya, kafin a sake sarrafawa, kusan a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Satumba, ya kamata a shirya cakuda mai zuwa: don guga 1 na ruwan ɗumi (game da digiri 30), ɗaukar babban teburin 2 na sabulu mai ruwa, ash ash da tebur tebur da manyan tebur 3 na man kayan lambu mai ƙonawa. Wannan maganin yana hade sosai kuma an tace shi. Yakamata su fesa tsirrai da kansu da kuma fuskar maƙarƙashiyar.

Daban-daban na strawberries tare da hotuna da kwatancinsu

Akwai adadin nau'ikan strawberry mai ban mamaki, dangane da wannan, kawai waɗanda suka fi shahara za a bayyana su a ƙasa. A lokacin toshewa, dukkan nau'ikan sun kasu kashi biyu, na tsakiya da na farkon.

Wadannan nau'ikan ripening na farko sun fi shahara sosai:

Alba. Wannan iri-iri yana da tsayayya ga kwari da cututtuka. A bushes ne matsakaici-sized dan kadan ganye. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu launi cike da launi suna da girma da yawa kuma suna da siffofi masu kyau. Ana amfani da wannan iri-iri don girma akan sikelin masana'antu.
Rosanna. Wannan iri-iri an ƙirƙira shi ne ta hanyar shayarwa ta Ukraine, yana da tsayayya da cututtuka. A bushes akwai da yawa peduncles, amma a ɗan ƙaramin adadin furanni. Manyan 'ya'yan itace mai haske mai haske suna da teardrop ko siffar conical mai fadi. Jiki mai kamshi yana da dandano mai ɗanɗano.
Oso Grand. Wannan nau'in yadu ya yadu a Florida da Spain. A berries ne mai dadi, mai yawa da manyan isa.
Evangelina. Wannan zaɓi na Scottish na farkon tsufa yana da saukin kamuwa da ƙwayar cuta verticillosis da tushen rot. Manyan berriesa havean fure suna da siffar conical tare da launi mai launin shuɗi. Pulunƙwasa yana da dandano mai daɗi.

Mafi mashahuri irin matsakaici ripening:

Ganyayyaki. A kan ƙarfi, ciyawa masu girma suna girma fruitsan itace masu launi dabam-dabam masu duhu mai launi ja. Kyakkyawan m nama tare da strawberry aftertaste.
Gabatarwa. Wannan iri-iri yana da tsayayya wa cuta da fari. Yada bushes high dauke da ganye. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu duhu masu duhu suna da yawa.
Vebenil. Wannan Turanci matsakaici-marigayi iri ne halin da yawa fruiting. Bushes suna da tsayi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu launin shuɗi tare da siffar fusiform suna da kyakkyawan bayyanar da kyakkyawan dandano.
Symphony. Wannan matsakaici-marigayi iri-iri yana da tsayayya wa verticillosis, rot launin toka da sanyi. Bushes suna da ganye sosai, faranti ganye ne mai tauri. Uraa redan launuka masu ɗumbin launuka na siffar conical suna da kyakkyawan dandano.

Mashahuri na ƙarshen maki:

Senior dan chelsea. Wannan iri-iri ana ɗaukar sahihanci na gaske na zaɓi. Bushes ba su da tsayi ganye da kuma fadi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ja masu duhu suna da daɗi da laushi.
Ingila. Wannan babban nau'in girbi-iri-iri yana da matsala game da fari. Bushes ba su da tsayi sosai, masu ƙarfi, ganyayen su yayi tsauri, kuma dajin na da kauri. Fruitsa fruitsan itace maras daɗi suna da yawa.
Tradeungiyar Kasuwanci. Kayan abinci na Faransancin kayan zaki iri-iri suna tsayayya da cuta, amma akasarin bishiyoyin na zama dazuzzuka. Forms karamin adadin kantuna. Fruiting yana ci gaba daga kwanakin ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshen Oktoba. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu ɗanɗano suna da launi mai elongated-conical da kyakkyawan dandano.

Shahararrun nau'ikan gyarawa ko nau'in rana tsaka tsaki:

Ada. Ana lura da fruiting na farko a lokaci guda kamar yadda a cikin tsakiyar iri-iri, kuma na biyu - daga Agusta har zuwa frosts. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ja masu cikakke ne.
Sarauniya elizabeth. Wannan iri-iri tare da manyan berries yana ɗayan zaki. Yana da tsayayya ga sanyi da cuta, yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Tashoshin waje suna girma da wuya.