Itacen itacen apple yana da nau'ikan da yawa, waɗanda aka rarrabe zuwa bazara, kaka da damuna. Lokacin rani yana da daɗi sosai, amma bai dace da ajiyar dogon lokaci ba, daga baya sunfi dacewa da wannan.
Akwai bishiyoyin apple apple columnar, waɗanda nau'ikan kyawawan ban mamaki suke wakilta waɗanda ke jawo hankalin masu lambu. Daga cikin wadannan, nau'ikan da suka fi fice sune shugaban kasa, medoc, iksha (bazara), da malyuha da vasyugan (kaka).
Ofan itace iri-iri
Yankin rani na talakawa bishiyoyi sun hada da:
- Apple itacen melba tare da girman itaciya sama da matsakaita, tsayi kambi mai baza, 'ya'yan itaciya mai zaki. Girma na matsakaici (wani lokacin har zuwa 300 g), launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi da ƙarancin hunturu ya fi matsakaicin matsakaici;
- Tall Lungwort Apple tare da kambi mai fadi-pyramidal, ƙaramin kore mai launin rawaya-kore tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa ratsi ja (110-120 g). Ku ɗanɗani zuma-daɗin ɗanɗano, yawan aiki mai tsayi da ƙarancin hunturu;
- Treean itacen fari fariripening a farkon lokacin rani, matsakaici-sized, na matsakaici hunturu hardiness, tare da zagaye mai yawa kambi, karami (game da 70 g), zagaye haske haske rawaya m 'ya'yan itãcen marmari mai ɗanɗanar m dandano dan kadan crumbly dandano, wanda aka halin ba a lokaci daya ripening da babban matakin yawan amfanin ƙasa.
- Fatar itacen apple matsakaici matsakaici (har zuwa mita 5), tare da kambi mai kamanni wanda ke yaduwa, 'ya'yan itãcen 140-200 g, masu iya kawo kilogram 120 na amfanin gona a kowace shekara.
Taranbin kaka suna wakilta masu zuwa:
- Wellsie Apple Tree ripens a cikin kaka da farkon hunturu, ba a lokaci guda ba, ana nuna shi da 'ya'yan itãcen matsakaici da ƙasa da girman matsakaici (100-150 g). Haske mai launin rawaya tare da m acidity, matsakaici hunturu hardness;
- Musamman kyakkyawa a cikin lokacin fure, na ado Nedzvetsky itacen apple, har tsawan mita 7, daidai yanka. A cikin kaka an rufe shi da ƙananan (2 cm a diamita) apples na launin ja mai haske, mai tsayayya da mummunan yanayi, ciki har da sanyi, yana yarda da gurɓatar iskar gas da kuma salinity na ƙasa;
- Tashar Apple Spartan Tana da 'ya'yan itaciyar ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano mai daɗin ɗanɗano, wanda yake shirye don ci a farkon Oktoba, kuma yana iya yin alfahari da yawan aiki mai girma da na shekara-shekara, wanda ke ƙaruwa tare da shekaru;
- Jonagold Apple Tree bred a Amurka, yana da fadi da kambi mai faɗi a lokacin yana ɗan ƙarami da mai sihiri na matsakaiciyar matsakaici a lokacin cikakken ɗan itacen, yana faruwa shekaru 3 bayan dasa shuki, 'ya'yan itaciyar su masu daɗi, mai daɗi-daɗi cikin ɗanɗano;
- Apple-itace Antonovka talakawa Abu ne na tsohuwar Rashanci ta Tsakiya tare da mediuma mediuman matsakaici (har zuwa 300 g) na launin kore mai launin shuɗi, wanda ɗanɗano tare da wani ɗan adadin acid ɗin halayyar ne. Abubuwan da ke tattare da Antonovka sun hada da samar da kayan masarufi, kayan ƙanshi na musamman, da isasshen dama ga namo - kan ginin da aka kirkiro iri 25, gami da gwarzo da alamu.
Matakan hunturu sune:
- Apple itacen Lobo babban haɓaka, tare da kambi mai iyaka, mai launin shuɗi-kore mai laushi da 'ya'yan itaciya masu matsakaici na matsakaiciyar matsakaici da sama da matsakaici (130-200 g), samar da gwaggwabar riba, wanda aka fi yaba shi a gonaki;
- Itace Florina na matsakaici girma ya fara fruita fruitan itace na shekaru 3-4, yana da matsakaici na hunturu a hankali, 'ya'yan itaciya-matsakaici (150 g) mai launin kore-mai launin shuɗi da launin shuɗi da ɗigon launin toka, m-zaki da dandano;
- Gwarzon itacen apple fruiting marigayi kuma kawai a cikin shekara ta 3, apples suna nauyin 160-190 g kuma ana fentin su da shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi tare da ratsin ruwan hoda;
- Apple itacen ligol yana da bambanci iri-iri zuwa kwari da kariminci sosai, yayin da ƙwayoyinta suna da girma a ciki, ana fentinsu cikin ja mai kyau, da ɗanɗano mai daɗi da m;
- Itacen apple ya bushe bred by the American shayarwa, kawo mai dadi da m 'ya'yan itace, shirye su ci, stably kuma a mai yawa;
- Itacen mac yana fitar da 'ya'ya 6-7 bayan dasa, girman su ya wuce matsakaici, launin yana da launin shuɗi mai haske (a lokacin cikakkiyar farfadowa) tare da launin shuɗi, da ɗanɗano suna da arziki sosai kuma suna da kyau, wanda kwararrun masana abinci ke samu a ƙasashe da dama na duniya;
- Tree mai ban sha'awa na Tuffa Yana bada fruita startingan fara daga shekara ta 4. Yawan tuffa shine 120-190 g, suna da daɗi da ƙoshin ɗanɗano kuma ana rarrabe su da m ɓangaren litattafan almara mai kyau. Kowace shekara, kuna iya dogaro akan kilogiram 45-60 na shuka daga bishiya ɗaya.
Shuka bishiyar apple
Shuka bishiyoyin apple apple na columnar za'a iya aiwatar dasu a kaka da kuma bazara, wanda kuma gaskiyane ga bishiyoyin apple na yau da kullun. A cikin yanayin farko, mafi kyawun lokacin shine tsakiyar Satumba - tsakiyar Oktoba, kuma a cikin na biyu, ƙarshen Afrilu ya dace.
Ruwan bazara ne wanda ya fi dacewa da farkon girbin girbi, kuma idan ya kasance ga bishiyoyin apple columnar, to zaku iya dasa riga a farkon bazara, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta fari ta narke. Lura cewa shiri na saitin rami ya kamata a kammala a ƙarshen kaka, kuma yana da matukar muhimmanci cewa ya zama yalwatacce kamar yadda ya wajaba don samar da tushen tushen itacen.
Dasa bishiyun apple columnar an fi yin sa a ƙasashe masu ƙyalli, waɗanda a cikin hunturu lokacin tattara manyan dusar ƙanƙara. Increasedarin yawan acidity na ƙasa ya ƙunshi gabatarwar tan 200 tan na lemun tsami. Kar a manta, lokacin cika ramin da duniya, girgiza itaciyar a kaikaice, bada izinin a rarraba qasa a tsakanin tushen.
Watsa itacen apple
A lokacin bazara da bazara, ya kamata ku shayar da itacen apple a cikin adadin buhuna 2-3 a kowace murabba'in 1. mita ba kasa da sau 2. Ba shi da rauni a fasa tsagi-tsalle har zuwa 15 cm zurfi a kewayen kewayen akwati, sannan a cika su da ruwa.
Lokacin da aka gama shawo ruwa, ana bada shawara don sassauta farfajiya ƙasa da ciyawa tare da bambaro - wannan zai hana asarar danshi a nan gaba.
Juyin bishiyar Apple
Lokacin da yake da shekaru 2-3, ya fi sauƙi ga bishiyoyi don canja wurin dasawa, yayin da karɓar manyan seedlings ke da wahala. Don bishiyoyin apple da aka ɗauka, seedlings mai shekaru 1 shine zaɓi mafi dacewa, wanda zai iya jurewa da dasawa ko da mafi kyau fiye da shekaru biyu.
A lokacin da dasa shuki columnar apple bishiyoyi, ya zama dole a lura da nisa tsakanin layuka of 1 mita, yayin da ya kamata a dasa seedlings a cikin layuka a nesa ba fiye da 50 cm ba ƙasa da 40 cm.
Da farko, ana shigar da kilogiram 3-4 na takin gargajiya a cikin rami mai dasa, alal misali takin, ko humus. Hakanan, ana buƙatar takin mai magani na potassium (50-80 g) da takin mai magani na phosphorus (50-100 g na superphosphate). Tsire-tsire suna hade sosai da ƙasa, sannan kuma ci gaba da dasawa.
Takin tsire-tsire domin itacen ɓaure
Bayan dasa, ana amfani da takin zamani a cikin hunturu, da kuma duka itatuwan da ke da siffa da kuma apple apple. Su miya ne iri-iri na potassium-phosphorus, wanda kawai bambanci shine cewa kashi dangane da sihirin mai siffa ya ninka sau 10.
Adadin daidai yana da sauƙin ganowa ta hanyar karanta rubutu a kan kunshin - a kan matsakaici daidai yake da 2 tablespoons a kowace bishiya. Idan ƙasa ba ta da kyau, ya kamata ka kula da ƙara peat ko humus a ciki.
Itatuwan bishiyoyi
Don taimakawa itacen ɓaure mai 'ya'yan itace, zaku iya gajarta rassan zuwa mafi kusa ga mai tushe. Babu buƙatar datsa duk bishiyoyin apple ba tare da togata ba - ana buƙatar kawai ne ga waɗanda a cikin abin da gefen kan layi ya inganta ci gaba.
A cikin wannan halin, gajarta rassan shekaru 1 ta 1/3. A lokaci mai tsawo, yawan pruning yana raguwa, kuma yana ƙare lokacin da aka fara amfani da fruiting. Sannan yanke hukuncin kambi tare da cire lalatattun, rassan da suka lalace sun isa. Samuwar kambi na itacen applear columnar a wasu wuraren zai buƙaci datti na gefen ayoyin kafin 2-3 ya zauna.
Itace Apple a cikin hunturu
Itace apple bazata tsira ko da lokacin sanyi ba, amma saboda wannan zai buƙaci adadin danshi a lokacin girma da kulawar da ta dace. Don kare itaciyar daga ƙwanƙolin katako, rufe gangar jikin tare da kayan rufin ko kayan rufin zai taimaka.
Itacen apple columnar, ta hanyar kwatantawa da inabin inabi, an fi dacewa da shi a cikin polyethylene, yana mai da hankali ne akan kasan gangar jikin. Wadannan matakan suna da niyyar hana daskarewa da kuma mutuwar kodan apical, wanda ke riƙe da kambin kambi kuma yana kare gangar jikin daga hares na daji, ba fifiko ga waɗannan itatuwan apple.
Wani muhimmin sashi na shiri don hunturu har yanzu ana ɗaukar fararen kwandon, wanda ke ba itacen damar kasancewa da kariya daga kowane nau'in cututtuka da kwari. Kuma a cikin bazara, yana tsirarwa daga kunar rana a jiki da sanyi.
Itace Apple
Don shirya tsaba don shuka, da farko kuna buƙatar cire tsaba daga apple, sannan kuyi su da kyau a cikin ruwa har sai mai hanawa ya hana hawan, kuma ku sanya su cikin ruwa don sokawa tsawon kwana 3. An maye gurbin ruwa a cikin yini. An ba da shawarar cewa a ranar ƙarshe, za a gabatar da mai ƙarfafa abubuwa kamar Epina a cikin ruwa.
Bayan kwanaki 3, ƙasusuwa masu kumbura suna daidaitawa, wanda ƙananan shelf na firiji da kowane akwati cike da yashin rigar (ana iya zama ɗan sawdust). Ana iya hana yumbu ta ƙara carbon mai aiki a cikin akwati. A sakamakon cakuda, ana shuka iri kuma an bar shi har tsawon watanni 1-2 a cikin firiji.
Bayan germination, ana canza tsaba zuwa akwatuna ko tukwane masu yawa tare da seedling na gina jiki da kuma tsarin magudanar ruwa. Za'a iya dasa su a fili, suna kallon nesa na 20 cm da zurfin kusan 2 cm.
Yankasa bishiyun bishiyoyi ta yanke
Wajibi ne a girbe ganyayyaki don sabbin bishiyar apple a cikin bazara, kafin a fara motsa ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Idan kayi wannan a cikin fall, to kawai lokacin da kakar girma ta ƙare. Yanke yankakken ya kamata ya zama tsawon 20 cm, yafa masa yashi kuma aka aika zuwa ginshiki don ajiya.
An dasa cutukan a cikin ramuka a cikin bazara, zurfin har zuwa 3 cm daga yanke na sama. Masana aikin lambu suna ba da shawarar shirya layuka 90 cm a cikin makarantar, da kuma gyara cm 30 tsakanin gewayen .. Kula da irin wannan tsiron yana buƙatar shayar da lokaci. Saboda ƙasa ba ta fama da raunin danshi, suna yin mulching da humus.
Grafting apple itacen
Hanya mafi sauƙaƙa don yin rigakafin bishiyun ɓoyayyen itace - ya dace har da masu farawa. Zai ɗauki sanda, wuka mai kaifi da tef roba mai laushi (tef na al'ada ba zai yi aiki a nan ba, saboda ya ƙunshi adadin magunguna masu cutarwa). Don samun nasara ga alurar riga kafi, yana da mahimmanci cewa ya faɗi a farkon motsi na ruwan 'ya'yan itace.
A dasa hannu ya kamata a yanke a wani m kwana, yayin da a lokaci guda biyu kananan a tsaye sassan ya kamata a yi obliquely a kan a kaikaice haushi daga itacen. Bayan haka, ana saka sandar a cikin yanki, bayan daidaituwar cambium, kuma an daidaita haɗin tare da tef. Lokacin da ciyawar ta girma, an yanke sashin da ke jikin scion tare da wuka mai tsabta.
Cutar da kwari
Daya daga cikin cututtukan da suka zama ruwan dare game da itacen apple scab. Zai fi sauki mutum ya hana cutar bugun bishiyar daga cutar dashi daga baya.
Matakan hanyoyin kariya daga scab sune ke bazasuwar bishiyoyi da kwari kawai. Kwayoyi masu ɗauke da baƙin ƙarfe, irin su cakuda Bordeaux, kazalika da magani tare da tsarin fung kisan gwal Ridomil Gold a watan Mayu-Yuli. A ƙarshen fure, za'a iya bi da bishiyoyi tare da actar.
A wasu halaye, itacen apple, kamar yadda ya saba, fara 'ya'yan itace na shekaru 5-7 bayan dasa, jinkirta bayyanar da amfanin gona. Wannan saboda, da farko, wuyan itacen lokacin dasawa za'a iya zurfafa da yawa kuma, abu na biyu, rassan suna girma a tsaye.
A farkon lamari, kuna buƙatar tayar da itacen apple, kuma a cikin na biyu, ta amfani da kowane nau'in kaya masu nauyi da takalmin katako, ba da rassan a kwance. Ana iya ƙarfafa bishiyar apple don ya ba da 'ya'ya a cikin hanyar da aka gwada shekaru masu zuwa: fitar da wani adadin ƙusoshin ƙura a cikin harbin. Ko binne kayan ƙarfe a cikin yankin da'irar akwati. Ba zai zama da alaƙa a fesa itacen apple da 0.1% baƙin ƙarfe bayani na sau 2-3 a shekara (tsarma teaspoon na vitriol a cikin lita 10 na ruwa).
Idan ganyen apple suna da sauki ga rawaya kuma ya faɗi a cikin lokacin da bai dace ba don wannan, watakila ganyen yana shafar kwari da aka sani na itacen apple - weevils. Lokacin da ganyayyaki suka sake sakewa, yakamata ku tattara su ku ƙone su, bayan wannan tono ƙasa a gonar. A cikin bazara, lokacin da ya zama mai ɗumi, kuma yawan zafin jiki ya kai 5-6 ℃, ya kamata a bincika kodan a hankali akan itacen apple.
Ganin saukowar ruwa mai fitowa, zamu iya ɗauka cewa kwari har yanzu suna nan. Don hana yawan rarraba su, duk bushewa da ba buɗe buɗe furanni suna buƙatar tsagewa kuma ƙone su a cikin hanyar. Don magance ɓarna, bishiyoyi suna yayyafa da karbofos, fufanon da makamantan magungunan ƙwari sau 2 a cikin girma.
