Ciyawa - Fern

"Akwai ciyayi masu baƙar fata a cikakke, yana girma a cikin gandun daji, kusa da marshes, a cikin wuraren rigar a cikin ciyawa, tushe yana girma a cikin arshins kuma mafi girma, kuma akwai ƙananan ganye a kan kara, da kuma babban zanen gado daga ƙasa. Kuma yana fure a safiyar ranar Ivan, a tsakar dare ... "

A cikin duniya akwai nau'ikan ferns 10,000. Yawancin abubuwa suna same su. Wadannan ganye ne, da itatuwa, da kuma creepers. Na dogon lokaci mutane suna da alaƙa da ferns Legends da yawa. Waɗannan tsirrai masu-fure-fure ba su da wata alaƙa. Masu ilimin Botanists na karni na XVIII sun kira su "asirce".

Ferns farawa ta hanyar spores. Amma labarin tatsuniya game da fure mai sihiri har yanzu yana da rai kuma a yanzu, a ƙarshen karni na 20, wasu mutane suna yin jigilar abubuwa a daren kusa da Ivan Kupala kuma suna yawo cikin dazuzzukan cikin begen neman wadata ... Idan a daren tsafi yana da ban tsoro ya shiga daji, dasa shuki a yankinku, kuma ba zato ba tsammani, har yanzu yana blooms, kuma task treasureskin bude.

Sananniyar jimina (jimina mai tsayi)

Amma ba wai kawai sanannun furanni ne ferns mai ban sha'awa ba. Yankin furanninsu, dabino ko ganyen ganye-vayi suna da girma dabam, launi kuma tare da dasa ƙungiyar da ta yi nasara na iya yin abubuwan ban mamaki.

Ga kyakkyawar fern na gabashin Asiya - osmunda na Jafananci. Wannan babban katako ne. Tsoffin samfuransa suna da wasu kara, kuma girman ganyayyaki zai iya kaiwa mita biyu! Abin mamaki, a cikin Tsakiyar Rasha, wannan ƙarancin ƙauna ba ya fama da sanyi, amma daga fari. Don dasa shi, kuna buƙatar zaɓar yanki mai inuwa mai ƙasa mai ƙasa.

Osmunda Jafananci (Jafananci sarauta fern)

A cikin al'adun osmund, Jafananci yana da wuya. Vegetatively ba ya haihuwa - kawai ta hanyar spores.

A cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya, wani osmund ya girma, wanda aka kira shi daidai Asiya osmundastrum na Asiya. Shuka yawanci ba shi da tsayin mita, kuma ba shi da damuwa sosai ga ƙasa mai laushi da wadata, ala, ba yaduwa ta hanyar farawa. Daga yaren harbe shi ne Korewan suke shirya sanannen miya.

Amma kukan da aka samo a cikin Arewacin Hemisphere na al'ada na iya haɓaka akan ƙasa mai sauƙi, har ma a wuraren budewa. Yana da alaƙa da osmund duka ta kasancewar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar wukake, waɗanda al'ada ake amfani dasu a cikin busasshen bouquets, da kuma girman su. Ganyen tsoffin samfurori a wasu lokuta yakai mita daya da rabi. Fitsarin ya shimfiɗa ta ƙarƙashin ɓarin ɓoyayyen ƙasa, amma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa bai kamata a dasa shi kusa da nunin faifai ba. Misali, tsawon shekaru goma na fafatawa da wannan yakar a cikin lambun dutsen na ... Misali, itacen oak ya girma da kyau kuma ya kalli wani wuri a karkashin wata bishiyar bishiyoyi da kungiya ta shuka.

Adiantum na Tsafe (Tsayayyen Arewa)

Amur thyroid yana da wuya a cikin al'ada. Dankin yana da girman 20 cm, baya jure hasken rana kai tsaye da bushe kasa. Ga rayuwarsa, abu mafi mahimmanci shine friability na substrate. A kan cakuda peat da Pine needles, wannan gandun dajin ya sami damar girma zuwa manyan clumps.

Akwai ferns, kodayake suna da harbe-harbe a ƙasa, amma suna girma a hankali, alal misali, Far Eastern stopantum adiantum. Kamar dai an yi niyya ne don kayan kwalliyar inuwa na ado. Wataƙila wannan shine ɗaya daga cikin adiantums wanda zai iya girma a cikin bude ƙasa na tsakiyar Rasha. Wani daji mai yawa tare da ganyen dabino-cirrus-waiy yakan faru ne a santimita 25-40. A shuka sosai inuwa-m, amma wuya a kan ƙasa danshi.

Tabarbara (Itace ferns)

Kusa da adiantum, rubabbiyar takaddar Turai scolopendra tana da kyau, da farko kallo gaba ɗaya sabanin fern. Vwanninsa mai buɗe baki biyu an haɗa su cikin kwandon har zuwa 30 cm a diamita. Alas, ganye zai iya yada shi kawai ta hanyar spores.

Yanzu game da mafi mahimmanci - game da haifuwar ferns ta hanyar spores. Da alama dai akwai rikitarwa: ganyen ganye ya tsage tare da sporangia fara buɗewa kuma yana nannade cikin takaddun kakin zuma har sati guda. Spores samun isasshen barci, kuma suna buƙatar da za a shuka su a can! Shirya substrate - peat tare da yashi kamar yadda yakamata (alal misali, a sieve kan ruwan zãfi da aka zuba a cikin kwanon rufi), zuba shi a cikin kwanon gilashin mai ƙararrawa (da kyau a cikin tukunyar Petri) kuma rufe tare da murfi mai kwance. Spores ana shuka a farfajiya na sanyaya substrate. Sanya kwano a cikin Inuwa mai sannyi. Yana da mahimmanci kada a bar substrate ya bushe, amma ba don cika shi ba. Spores yayi girma da juya cikin ganye, 0.2-0.5 cm a diamita. Bayan 'yan watanni bayan haka (a cikin ferns daban daban), bayan kwayoyin halittar maza da ke kan sprouts sun haɗu da matan, ainihin ferns sun fara kyankyashe daga ƙananan ƙananan ganye.