Goge wardi

Shuke wardi na gidan ɗan fure ne, wanda ya bayyana a duniya shekaru miliyan 40 da suka gabata. Zuwa yau, wannan hadadden ya hade kusan nau'ikan nau'ikan 250 da ire-irensu sama da dubu 200. Da farko dai, an kira fure da sunan tsohon Farisa "Angondon", sannan a helenanci ana kiranta "rhodon". Daga baya, Romawa suka canza kalmar zuwa “rosa”. A cikin yanayi mai zafi da dumi na Arewacin Hemisphere, zaku iya haɗuwa da wardi a cikin daji, ba su da ƙasa da kyakkyawa kuma kyakkyawan ƙanshi ga siffofin lambu. A yau, lambu suna girma iri-iri da iri na wannan shuka, wanda ya bambanta da ban mamaki kyakkyawa na furanni. Su sanannen sanannu ne ba kawai tsakanin lambu, lambu da kuma masu zanen fili ba, har ma a tsakanin duk masu son kyakkyawa. Duk da gaskiyar cewa wardi suna da kyakkyawan bayyanar, sunada sauki don girma. Wannan yana yin amfani da yaduwar amfani dasu a cikin ginin kore. Wadannan nau'ikan furannin da aka horar dasu an rarrabe su: lambun lambun da lambun shakatawa. Groupsungiyoyin da ke ƙasa sun fi shahara tsakanin sesa gardenan lambun: matasan shayi, grandiflora, hawan dutse, tsalle-tsalle, daji, floribunda, polyanthus, har ma da ƙananan. Da ke ƙasa za a bayyana daki-daki game da wardi na daji.

Siffofin fesa wardi

Bushes na wannan nau'in fure na iya samun nau'i mai bambanci, wanda kai tsaye ya dogara da iri-iri - daga yaduwa zuwa kankantaccen dala. Hakanan, tsayin daji, wanda zai iya bambanta daga 25 zuwa 300 santimita (har ma da ƙari), shima ya dogara da nau'in da iri-iri. Rassi a bushes na irin wannan tsire-tsire sun kasu kashi biyu, watau, mai tushe na shekara-shekara da igiyar ciki (babba). Farantin ganye wanda ba a rufe ba yana da kwalliyar elliptical ko ƙwalƙwallo marasa amfani tare da kunnuwa mai bakin ciki Kuma suna da ganyayyaki 2 kamar-ganye.

Tsarin fure na irin waɗannan tsire-tsire na iya samun tsawon santimita 10-80, yayin da diamita na furanni ya bambanta daga 2 zuwa 18 santimita. Abubuwan furanni masu fure masu ban sha'awa da kyau suna iya samun launuka da launuka iri iri. Furanni, a matsayin mai mulkin, sun ƙunshi filayen 5-120. Akwai furanni guda ɗaya da waɗanda waɗanda ke ɓangaren inflorescences (guda 3-200). A siffar, furanni sun bambanta pompon, mazugi mai siffa, sau-mai siffa, mai fasali, mai salo, lebur, mai sihiri da sauran su. Launin wardi na iya bambanta sosai, don haka, har wa yau, babu furanni kawai cikin shuɗi mai cike da shuɗi. Godiya ga ƙoƙarin masu shayarwa, yawancin iri da kuma nau'ikan halittun wardi sun kasance, wanda za'a iya fentin su da launuka daban-daban da haɗuwarsu, yayin da lissafin ke ci gaba da girma. Tabbas, fure mai fure fure mai ban mamaki gani. Kuma har ma da mafi yawan kwalliyar connoisseur na kyakkyawa na iya farantawa wardi, wanda yayin fure suke canza launi. Hakanan, waɗannan furanni suna bambanta ta hanyar ƙanshin launuka iri-iri.

Siffofin girma wardi a cikin lambu

Ba abin mamaki ba ne ake kira fure-fure "Sarauniyar furanni." Idan kana son samun bishiyar fure mai fure a cikin lambun ka, to kawai kana san wasu fasali da dabaru wajen kula dashi. Don haka, don wannan shuka tayi girma da haɓakawa a cikin lambun ku, kuna buƙatar sanin cewa:

Shuke wardi ne halin in mun gwada da babban sanyi juriya, amma wannan ba ya nufin a duk abin da ba su bukatar shiri domin wintering. A lokaci guda, yana da daraja la'akari da gaskiyar cewa waɗannan furanni yawanci babba ne, sabili da haka mai kula da lambun dole ne ya yi ƙoƙari don kunsa daji sosai. Don haka, alal misali, floribunda fure ko kuma shayi mai hade yana da ƙananan girma kaɗan.
Wannan inji ba ta da matukar bukatar kulawa, kamar yadda suka saba. Koyaya, yakamata a ɗauka cewa yana buƙatar kawai ƙirƙirar mai tushe na shekara mai tushe, kazalika da tsabta.
A cikin kaka, yana da matukar muhimmanci don aiwatar da hanyar yin girke-girke akai-akai na fure.
Ya kamata a tuna cewa babban adadin adalci mai kaifi spines suna located a kan mai tushe.
Bushes na irin wannan tsiron yana yaduwa kuma yana da matukar ban mamaki bayyanar. Ana amfani da roanyen wardi galibi don samar da shinge, kuma ana iya girma a matsayin tsirrai ɗaya.

Yadda ake dasa fure

Wani lokaci ne fure ya shuka

Masana sun ba da shawara don shuka wardi na musamman a cikin kaka daga farkon Satumba zuwa rabin na biyu na Oktoba. An bada shawara don siyan kayan shuka ba da daɗewa ba kafin dasa, kuma ba a cikin bazara ba. Gaskiyar ita ce, a cikin bazara, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna sayar da kayan shuka wanda ba a sayi sama da faɗuwar ƙarshe ba. Lokacin sayen sayan seedlings, kuna buƙatar yin hankali sosai kuma kuyi cikakken bincike. Buy kawai waɗancan seedlingsa seedlingsan seedlings da suka fi ƙarfin ƙarfi kuma basu da alamun cutar.

Bayan kun sami kayan shuka masu inganci, zaku buƙaci zaɓi wurin da yafi dacewa don dasawa. Irin wannan shuka yana da hoto. Mafi kyawun wurin dasa shi zai zama shine wanda yake nesa da tsirrai da bishiyoyi, wanda yake da ingantaccen haske, amma a lokaci guda yana inuwa lokacin awowi. A wannan rukunin yanar gizo, bushes zai yi girma wanda zai yi kama da na marmari, yayin da furannin su zai daɗe, kuma furannin ba za su yi asarar launinsu ba. Hakanan ya kamata a lura cewa wurin dasa shuki wardi bai kamata ya kasance a cikin ƙasa mai laushi ba, ya ma fi kyau idan ruwan karkashin ƙasa bai yi kusa da saman ƙasa ba. Hakanan ana bada shawara don kare daji daga iska da ke tashi daga arewa maso gabas ko daga arewa. Don dasa shuki, mãkirci a kan abin da aka yi wardi na dogon lokaci ba zai yi aiki ba. Mafi kyau ga waɗannan tsire-tsire na ɗan ƙasa ne na acidic (pH 6 zuwa 6.5), wanda ke da ruwa sosai. Ya kamata kuma a lura cewa yadda ake amfani da ƙasa mai amfani da sinadarai, mafi kyau da kuma kyakkyawan fure na bushes zai zama.

Dokokin saukarwa

Kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa bude, dole ne su kasance a shirye. Ana yin wannan nan da nan kafin saukowa. Kuna buƙatar kayan aiki mai kaifi, wanda dole ne a haifeshi. Tare da shi, kuna buƙatar datsa Tushen, yayin yankan yanke waɗanda suka bushe, da kuma rage harbe zuwa girman 15 zuwa 20 santimita. Sannan sai a dasa tushen tsarin cikin ruwa awanni da dama kuma a cire shi nan da nan kafin disembarkation. Shirya rami zagaye, diamita wanda daga 40 zuwa 50 santimita. Ya kamata a tuna cewa zurfin ramin ya kamata ya zama santimita 10 na sama sama da tsayin tsarin sa, wanda aka auna tare da dunƙulewar ƙasa. Dole ne a kwance ƙarshen ramin ta amfani da farar fata. Don tantance mafi ƙarancin zurfin fossa, ya kamata a la'akari da wane tsinkayen rigakafin yake. Don haka, bayan dasa shuki, yakamata ya kasance cikin zurfin santimita 3-4.

Landasar da ta wanzu bayan ta tono rami mai dasa yakamata a haɗa ta da takin (3: 1) kuma a ɗora itace a ciki shima yakamata a zuba a ciki. Narke 1 kwamfutar hannu na heteroauxin a cikin 10 l na ruwa kuma zuba sakamakon da aka samo a cikin rami. Domin bushes ya dauki tushe cikin dan kankanen lokaci, suna bukatar a dasa su daidai. Da farko, shuka da kanta dole ne a saukar da shi cikin rami, sannan a hankali ya zama dole a cika shi da ƙasa, yayin riƙe seedling da tushe. Dole ne a tursasa kasar gona koda yaushe. Kusa da daji kana buƙatar yin madauwari madaidaiciya a nesa na santimita 30 daga tushe, wanda zai taimaka ruwan kada ya yada yayin ban ruwa. Don haka kuna buƙatar spud seedling zuwa tsawo na santimita 15 da inuwa daga hasken rana tsawon kwana 10. Lokaci na biyu don shayar da daji zai zama dole bayan kwana biyu.

Game da batun lokacin da fure da aka yi niyyar dasa shuki a gonar ya girma a cikin kwandon shara, ba ƙasa mai yawa da aka haɗe da takin ya kamata a zuba cikin rami ba. Zuba ruwa mai yawa a cikin kwalin kuma runtse shi cikin ramin da aka shirya. A hankali cire kwandon sannan a zuba adadin ƙasa da ake buƙata a cikin ramin. Bi umarnin da ke sama.

Nisa tsakanin bushes kai tsaye ya dogara da yawancin furanni kuma yana iya bambanta daga 100 zuwa 200 santimita. Ya kamata a bar tazarar ɗaya tak a cikin hanyoyin.

Autar saukowa

Tare da dasa kaka na feshi wardi, shirya don wannan hanya ya kamata ya fara a makonni 8. Idan taron ƙasa ya zo kusa da saman ƙasa, to, don wardi wajibi ne don gina fure. In ba haka ba, tushen tsarin shuka zai zama kusan a kullun, kuma wannan na iya haifar da rot su bayyana a kanta, bushes ɗin za su yi kama da marasa lafiya. Ka tuna cewa ƙasa a gonar tana da kyau kawai a cikin lokuta daban, a dangane da wannan akwai buƙatar a “gyara” saboda ya zama ya dace da girma wardi na daji. Ka tuna cewa kyawawan daji da ka shuka zai dogara ne kai tsaye kan abun da ya shafi ƙasa. Lokacin haƙa ƙasa, yakamata a ƙara taki da humus a ciki. Don haka, a 1 m² shafin yana cike da gilashin lita goma na peat da takin lambu (taki), gilashin itace da kayan abinci na itace, da gram 30 zuwa 50 na superphosphate. Sand dole ne a ƙara ƙasa mai yumɓu da yawa (a kowace 1 m² Buhu 1 ko 2). Lokacin sauka, dole ne ku bi ka'idodin da aka bayyana a sama. Bushes da aka dasa a cikin kaka ya kamata a rufe su da ƙasa gaba ɗaya don lokacin hunturu.

Dasa wardi a bazara

A cikin taron cewa lokacin hunturu yana halin tsananin sanyi, to dasa shuki da za'a iya yi a bazara. Suna yin wannan daga tsakiyar Afrilu zuwa rabi na biyu na Mayu, ya zama dole ƙasa ta mai zafi zuwa digiri 10. Ana bayar da shawarar yin wannan sama na ramin aƙalla makonni 4 kafin cire farashi. Wajibi ne a datse tushen tsayi da tsayi da cire wadanda suka bushe, da marassa lafiya. Wajibi ne a datsa mai tushe domin su zama 10 zuwa 15 santimita masu tsayi kuma suna da aƙalla cikin biyun. A yayin da aka adana kayan girbi na dogon lokaci, kuma tushen sa ya bushe, ya zama dole a runtse su cikin ruwa kwana guda kafin dasa shuki, kuma nan da nan a nutsar da su a cikin turɓayar kwalliyar dama kafin dasa. Zuba karamin yanki na kasar da aka shirya a cikin ramin tare da nunin faifai (duba sama don yadda ake yin wannan). Don haka kuna buƙatar saka seedling a ciki kuma ku riƙe shi ta hanyar ɗayan tare da ɗaya hannun, tare da ɗayan kuna buƙatar zuba ƙasa a hankali a cikin ramin, kar ku manta da kullun. Ka tuna cewa wurin yin allurar ya kamata ya zama zurfin of 3 zuwa 5 santimita. Lokacin da aka shuka iri, ya kamata a shayar da shi sosai, kuma idan ruwan ya sha, to sai a yi huda. Bayan bayyanar 'ya'yan fari na farko, dole ne a cire ƙasa da aka yi amfani da ita don tsaunin daji. A wannan yanayin, ƙasa mai kewaye da daji ya kamata a yayyafa shi da wani yanki na ciyawa (humus ko peat), tsawo wanda ya zama kusan 5-8 santimita. A matsayin ciyawa don wuraren da ke da mayin shinge mara igiya, ya kamata a yi amfani da kwalliya na itace ko kuma kwakwalwan itace.

Yadda za a kula da wardi a gonar

Shuka wardi

A lokacin farkon shekarar daga lokacin dasa shuki wani fure ya tashi, kana bukatar ka datse iyakar mai tushe domin daji ya zama mafi daukaka. Hakanan, kafin tsakiyar lokacin bazara, ya kamata ku cire buds, nan da nan bayan bayyanar su. Gaskiyar ita ce sun sami damar daukar makamashi mai yawa daga wani aramin daji mai rauni. Daga tsakiyar lokacin bazara, ya kamata ku jira har sai an yi toho sosai, sannan kuma ku yanke shi. Ya kamata a lura cewa an bambanta wannan nau'in fure ta hanyar girman saurin girma. A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, ya zama daji mai ƙarfi kuma akwai ƙarancin matsaloli a girma tare da shi, alal misali, tare da daidaitaccen, cikin gida ko haura. Don fure ya sami kwanciyar hankali da lafiya, ya kamata a duba shi bayan bin wasu ƙa'idodi. Don shuka ya ji daɗi kuma ya ci gaba bisa al'ada, yana buƙatar daskararren tsari da kuma kwance ƙasa ƙasa, pruning na yau da kullun da kuma cire ciyawar ciyawa, tare da takin zamani da takin da suka dace.

Yadda ake ruwa

Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire ba masu ƙazanta-ƙauna ba ne. Masana sun ba da shawara ga shawa kawai idan ya cancanta, ko kuma, idan ƙasa ta bushe gaba ɗaya. Ya kamata a tuna cewa watering ya zama m, amma maimakon yalwatacce. Koyaya, kawai dasa bushes a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa dole ne a shayar kowane kwanaki 2. A cikin bazara, shayar more yalwa, kamar yadda matasa mai tushe da ganye faranti fara girma na rayayye. A cikin lokacin bazara mai zafi mai zafi, yawan ruwa ya kamata a karu, yayin da yakamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa kowane daji ya cika gilashin lita goma na ruwa. Ya kamata a shayar da shi a ƙarƙashin tushe kuma a hankali isa don kada ya bijirar da tushen tushen shuka. Ka tuna cewa ba za a iya amfani da ruwan sanyi don fesa wardi na daji ba. A cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na lokacin bazara, bayan da daji ya lalace, adadin ruwan da ake amfani da shi lokacin ban ruwa ya ragu. Wannan zai iya hana tururuwa ruwa a cikin ƙasa, kuma ya kiyaye tsirran daga bayyanar cututtukan fungal a cikin tushen sa. Koyaya, kafin lokacin hunturu, ya wajaba a jiƙa ƙasa da ruwa. An bada shawarar yin ruwa da safe, kafin zafin ya fara, ko da yamma, amma yakamata a lura cewa idan daskararren ƙwayoyin ruwa suka hau kan ruwan ganye, lallai ne su tashi kafin daren. An bada shawara don amfani da ban ruwa na ruwa.

Taki

Yana da Dole a ciyar da daji fure da tsari. Bayan an dasa shuki, ba lallai ba ne a ciyar da shi a farkon shekarar, amma daga shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa ya zama dole kawai a takin kasar. Yanayin ciyarwa:

na farko (babban kayan miya) - wanda aka samar a lokacin bazara a farkon farkon lokacin girma;
na biyu - a lokacin lokacin bud'ewa;
na uku - lokacin da shuka ke faduwa;
na huɗu - kafin su fara jingina da mai tushe.

Bayan pruning wardi a lokacin bazara, ana yin miya, saboda wannan dalili, ana ɗaukar gram 20 na ammonium nitrate da ammonium sulfate a kowace murabba'in 1. Bayan rabin wata, aikace-aikacen da takin mai dauke da nitrogen dole ne a maimaita shi. A lokacin budding, ana amfani da cakuda mai gina jiki mai zuwa don ciyar da wardi: 30 grams na superphosphate, 20 zuwa 30 grams na ammonium nitrate, giram 10 na potassium (a kowace muraba'in 1). Sauya waɗannan gaurayawan abubuwan gina jiki da aka yi amfani da su don ciyarwa, zaku iya "wagon tashar wiki", yayin da ake ɗaukar mita 1 daga 30 zuwa 40 na kayan. Lokacin da fure ya ƙare, ana amfani da takaddun takaddun ƙwayoyi tare da microelements don kayan miya. Daga ranakun Yulin da ya gabata, ya zama dole a daina hadar da daji tare da takin nitrogen. Daga Agusta zuwa Satumba, dole ne a ƙara superphosphate da potassium gishiri a cikin ƙasa, tare da gram 30-40 na taki da ke da murabba'in mita 1. Idan akwai sha'awar, to za a iya ciyar da wardi daji a madadin takin gargajiya ko ma'adinai. A matsayin takin gargajiya, ana bada shawarar amfani da slurry, busassun kaza ko ash.

Siffofin Juyawa

Bayan wani lokaci bayan dasa shuki daji ya tashi, ya kamata a dasa shi. Gaskiyar ita ce a tsawon lokaci yana girma sosai kuma a lokaci guda ya rasa bayyanar kyakkyawa. An ba da shawarar yin jigilar fure a cikin watan Afrilu ko Oktoba, yayin da yake da daraja a la'akari da cewa a cikin bazara da shuka ya yarda da wannan hanya sosai fiye da kaka.Kafin ci gaba da dasawa, kuna buƙatar datsa daji da santimita 20, cire duk rassan mai rauni ko lalacewa, yaga sauran ganye. Ya kamata a lura cewa a cikin daji wanda aka dasa, tushen tsarin yana girma cikin ƙasa. Game da batun fure ne tushen sa, tushen sa yana kusa da ƙasa mai kyau. Ba da waɗannan halaye na shuka, kuna buƙatar cire daji daga ƙasa tare da felu tare da dunƙule na ƙasa. Idan tushe na gefe sun ji rauni a lokacin tono wani fure, to babu abin damuwa. Gaskiyar ita ce bayan sake sanya daji zuwa sabon wuri, irin wannan tushen zai warke nan da nan. An bada shawara don matsawa tushen tushen dug zuwa babban yanki na masana'anta mai ɗorewa, wanda zai sauƙaƙe canja wuri zuwa sabon wuri. Bugu da ƙari, idan akwai irin wannan buƙatar, to, lokacin da dasa shuki fure, ba za ku iya cire masana'anta ba, tare da lokaci zai lalata kanta. Ya kamata a zuba ruwa mai yawa a cikin ramin da aka shirya. Na gaba, dasawa yana gudana ne bisa ga ka'idoji iri daya kamar dasa shuki. A lokacin dasa shuki, ya kamata a ɗauka a cikin zuciya cewa a cikin fure wanda aka liƙa, grafting ya kamata ya kasance ƙarƙashin ƙasa a zurfin of 3 zuwa 5 santimita, kuma a cikin tushen-tsiro daji na dunƙule na ƙasa ya kamata ya kasance daidai da matakin ƙasa.

Cututtuka

Lokacin da aka shuka irin wannan tsire-tsire a cikin yanayin da bai dace dasu ba, zasu iya yin rauni sosai kuma su rasa juriyar cututtukan su, kuma sauran kwari masu cutarwa na iya warware su. Yawancin tsire-tsire masu rauni suna kamuwa da cututtuka irin su peronosporosis (mildew downy), baƙar fata (fure marsonin), mildew powdery, tsatsa ko chlorosis. Don kawar da cututtukan fungal, dole ne a yi amfani da ɗayan masu wakilcin fungicidal masu zuwa: dakatarwar sulfur colloidal (1%) ko kuma maganin maganin sulfate na jan karfe (3%). Chlorosis, a gefe guda, yana faruwa saboda tsire-tsire bashi da kashi, galibi yana ƙarfe. Fure tare da chlorosis yana canza launi zuwa launin rawaya. Don gano wane nau'in ɓoye na ɓata, zai zama dole don bincika ƙasa. Bayan wannan, kuna buƙatar sa ƙasa ta zama ɓataccen abu a cikin nau'in gishiri a cikin shawarar da aka bada shawarar.

Karin kwari

Pestsarin kwari da yawa na iya sauka akan fure na daji, wanda ya kasu kashi tsotse da cizon saƙo. Gnawing ya hada da lardunan sawfly, beetles da caterpillars, kuma tsotsewar sun hada da sikirin, cicadas, aphids, scutellaria da whiteflies. Kwari, wanda ke tsotsewa, ya zauna akan sassan jikin fure. Sun sami damar soki su kuma tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Sakamakon haka, ruwan ganye ya zama mai launin toka, curl kuma ya tashi a kusa, kuma tushe yana iya bushewa. Kwaro mai saurin cizon kwari suna ciyar da kai tsaye akan sassan fure. Sakamakon haka, girma da haɓaka daji yayi jinkirin sauka, fure ya zama mara ƙyali, tsirran kuma ya rasa kyan gani. Kuna iya yakar kwari masu cutarwa bayan sun zauna akan shuka, amma gogaggen yan lambu sun bada shawarar cewa a yi rigakafin cutar a bazara. Dole ne a yi wannan kafin kodan ya kumbura, kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da kwari kamar karbofos, actellik ko ƙaho don wannan. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da bayani don wannan dalili, wanda ya haɗa da guga na ruwa da giram mai 2 na kerosene. A cikin kaka, bayan an gama fitar da wardi, ya zama dole a cire duk yanke rassan da ganyayyaki da suka fadi sannan a ƙone su. Don haka kuna buƙatar aiwatar da daji da kanta da ƙasa a ƙarƙashinta tare da kayan aiki na musamman.

Yadda ake datsa

Wani lokaci a datsa

Pinging wardi shine mafi yawan lokaci-lokaci a cikin kulawa da irin wannan tsire-tsire, wanda dole ne a aiwatar da shi. Bayan pruning, daji zai zama mafi branched da adadin furanni zai ƙara. Trimming mai tushe ya kamata ya kasance a cikin bazara, bazara da kaka. Pinging, da za'ayi a cikin bazara, shine mafi mahimmancin gaske, tunda daji zai sami damar 'yantar da kansa daga tushe mai lalacewa da lalacewa, har ma da samuwar sa. A lokacin rani, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana yin pruning ne kawai don dalilan tsabta. Don haka, a lokacin sa, an cire duk karin kuran, a bar guda daya, a sakamakon wanda fure ya zama babba da kyan gani. Hakanan za'a cire furannin furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu rai. A cikin bazara, ana buƙatar pruning don cire duk mai rauni, rauni da mara lafiya mai tushe waɗanda ke kawar da ƙarfi da yawa daga fure.

Yadda ake datsa

Cire daga daji duk rassan da suka ji rauni da rauni ya kamata su zama kafin kumburin kodan. Hakanan kuna buƙatar datsa rassan da suka girma a cikin daji, sannan zaku iya ci gaba kai tsaye zuwa ga samuwar. Game da batun yayin da rassa guda 2 suka tsoma baki tare da juna, kuna buƙatar yanke ɗayansu wanda aka sanya ƙasa da nasara ko barin wanda yake ƙarami (haushi yana da launi mai haske). A lokacin da girma a grazed daji ya tashi, musamman da hankali ya kamata a biya zuwa pruning tushen shoot, saboda yana šaukar da yawa makamashi daga fure, a sakamakon abin da fure na iya faruwa ba kwata-kwata. An ba da shawarar datsa duk mai tushe sai dai mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi, wanda ya kamata ya yi fure a wannan shekara. Idan kuwa baza ku iya datse daji wanda ya lalace daidai ba, kuna buƙatar yin wannan da hankalinku. Ya kamata a tuna cewa bayan trimming akalla 2 buds ya kamata ya kasance akan mai tushe. A kan wani daji mai datse, kyawawan yara masu ganye suna bayyana kyawawa da sauri. Ya kamata a nuna rigakafin cikin girka a lokacin da ƙasa ta lalace ko daji ya tsufa, saboda ba zai iya sake dawo da sifar sa da ƙarfi ba. A cikin kaka, ya kamata ku yanke duk furanni waɗanda suka riga wilted kuma kuna buƙatar yanke rassan lalatattun, rassan masu rauni ko waɗanda ke girma a cikin daji. Lalle ne haƙĩƙa, bi da yanke shafuka tare da iri iri.

Yaduwa da wardi

Hanyoyin kiwo

Shrub fure za a iya yaduwa ta tsaba da kuma vegetatively, wato:

rarraba daji;
yanke;
sakawa;
zuriya;
alurar riga kafi.

Tsarin iri

Mafi sau da yawa, kawai shayarwa kawai suna yaduwar ƙwayar fure, suna fata don haɓaka sabon matasan ko iri. Shuka kawai da ke girma a ƙarƙashin yanayin daji za ta iya yaduwa ta zuriya, amma ya kamata a lura cewa ba duk nau'in sanannen da aka san za su iya samar da tsaba da za su iya yin tonon ba. A cikin kwanakin Yuli na ƙarshe ko a watan Agusta, ya kamata a aiwatar da girbi iri, yayin da 'ya'yan itacen su zama ja. Ya kamata a tsabtace su kuma a adana su a cikin yashi mai laushi tsawon watanni 4, yayin da yawan zafin jiki ya kamata a kiyaye shi daga digiri 2 zuwa 5. Wannan shi ne sharadin da ake bukata don tsaba. A cikin bazara, ya kamata a nutsar da su a cikin mafita na wani abu wanda ke motsa ci gaban tushe (alal misali, heteroauxin) na sa'o'i da yawa, bayan wannan ana shuka su, an binne su a cikin ƙasa ta 1-3 santimita, kuma an yayyafa ƙasa ƙasa da wani yanki na ciyawa (peat, humus). Bayan samuwar ganyayyaki na gaske na 2-3, ana shuka tsiran tsirrai, yayin da gibin dake tsakanin su ya kasance daga santimita shida zuwa 8, kuma tsakanin layuka - 20 santimita. A lokacin rani, kuna buƙatar ciyar da tsirrai tare da takin ma'adinai. A saboda wannan, ana daukar gram 60 na phosphorus, gram 40 na nitrogen da gram 10 na takin gargajiya a kowace murabba'in 1. Cikin duk shekara mai zuwa, ya zama dole don samar da tsirrai tare da mahimmancin kulawa (watering, kayan miya, weeding). A watan Agusta, lokacin da tsire-tsire suka girma, ana amfani dasu azaman samfuran jari.

Wardi daga yanke

Ana ɗaukar yankan hanya mafi aminci a cikin abin da zaku iya yaɗa itace fure. Kamar yadda kara tushe, ana amfani da nau'ikan harbe guda 2, wato: rabin-lignified da lignified. Wannan hanyar haihuwa ana amfani da ita sau da yawa dangane da gida ko shinge shinge. Green mai tushe fara lignify bayan na farko furanni Bloom, wanda wata alama ce cewa lokaci ya yi da za a yanka da cuttings. Don ƙwaya, kada ku yi amfani da lignified da kore mai tushe. Matsakaicin kauri daga hannun ya yi daidai da kauri daga fensir, tsayinsa yakai santimita 8. 5 mm sama da koda, kuna buƙatar yin sare, wanda ya kamata ya zama madaidaiciya. Ya kamata a yi ƙananan sashin a kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin ƙodan kuma a lokaci guda ya kamata oblique (a wani kusurwa na digiri 45). Ya kamata a yanke duk dunkule da ganyayyaki daga ƙasa daga ƙasa, yayin da faranti 2 kawai ya kamata ya kamata ya kamata a rage su da kashi 1/2. Yarin da ke ƙasa ya kamata a kula dashi tare da phytohormones.

Tushen Tushen dole ne a cikin ƙasa bude. Don yin wannan, ana dasa su a cikin wani wuri mai inuwa a cikin wani tsagi wanda aka shirya cike da yashi (kaurin kauri na santimita 15). Tsakanin cutarwa yana da nisa tsakanin 15 zuwa 30 santimita. Kusa da yankan ya zama dole don tara ƙasa, sannan sai a yi ruwa kuma a rufe komai tare da fim. Ya kamata ku sami semblance na karamin greenhouse. Kuna iya yin ƙananan ramuka a cikin tsari don samun iska mai tsabta ga wardi ko kuna buƙatar ku buɗe shi ta hanyar iska. Bayar da tsirrai tare da ingantaccen ruwa, kayan miya, weeding da loosening na substrate. Sakamakon abin da aka yanke dole ne a yanke shi, kamar yadda suke raunana shuka. Don hunturu, waɗannan wardi ya kamata a rufe su da mai hita a cikin yadudduka 2, kuma su sanya fim a filastik. Tare da farkon bazara, dole ne a cire rufin, kuma a hankali ya zama dole don saba da shuka ga yanayin waje. Don yin wannan, buɗe mafaka. Zai yiwu a watsa da ciyawar da ta girma zuwa wurin dindindin a gonar kawai a shekara ta 3 na rayuwa.

Alurar riga kafi

An samar da maganin akan matasa rosehip seedlings. Mafi kyawun jinsin don wannan dalili shine karewar kare (Rosa canina), da kuma kusan 20 daga nau'ikanta. Tana da juriya mai sanyi da kuma kyakkyawan tsarin tushen ta. Kuma a matsayin jari zaka iya amfani da wardi kamar wrinkled, friable, small-flowered, kirfa, da dai sauransu Alurar riga kafi tare da budding ana yi a lokacin rani a tsakiyar watan Yuli:

Cire ƙasa daga tushen wuyan hannun jari kuma ka rushe duk ɓangarorin da ke ƙasa.
An yi kwano a cikin nau'in harafin "T" a wuyan tushe, tare da kwance a kwance na 10 mm da madaidaiciya madaidaicin 25 mm. A cikin cikon, kuna buƙatar tura turaren a hankali a hankali.
An yanke itace cikakke daga fure mai fure. Yana buƙatar cire ganye da saman. Yanke wani peephole daga gare shi daga tushe zuwa saman, yayin grabbing wani Layer na itace (dole ne a cire wuce haddi).
An saka peephole a cikin abin da ya haifar a kan scion, kuma an gama wanke wannan wurin da fim ɗin budadawa.
Bayan kwanaki 21, kuna buƙatar ganin yadda koda yake ji. Idan komai na al'ada ne, to zai yi kumbura, idan kuwa ba haka ba, to ya zama baƙi.

Kafin rashin himma, wajibi ne don aiwatar da haɓakar sama na shuka, yayin da ya zama dole don zurfafa wurin yin allurar ta 5 cm. A cikin bazara, a hankali cire ƙasa daga alurar riga kafi kuma cire fim. Wajibi ne a datsa jari don kawai santimita 1 ya rage saman maganin. Kara wanda ya girma daga koda zai buƙaci a haɗa allunan ganye 3 ko 4. Idan kuna kula da daji daidai, to, ta hanyar kaka za'a iya sake tura shi zuwa wurin dindindin.

Raba Bush

Kuna iya raba daji kawai tare da tushen shuka. A cikin kaka ko bazara, kuna buƙatar tono daji kuma ku raba shi tare da ƙaƙƙarfan kaifi, kayan aikin da aka sanyaya cikin guntu. Kowane delenka dole ne ya sami tushen kuma aƙalla 1 kara. Yanke yanka tare da yankakken gawayi sannan ku dasa rabon kamar yadda aka saba. Mafi kyawun jinkirin rarraba floribunda da polyanthus ya tashi. A lokacin da rarraba wani daji a farkon spring zuwa bazara, da delenka zai riga Bloom profusely.

Maimaitawa

Za a iya samun layoyi daga ƙyalli da tsire-tsire masu girma. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar mai tushe waɗanda ke girma a tushen wuyan wuya. A farkon bazara, kuna buƙatar yin inclan na shekara a kan wannan tushe. Sa'an nan kuma an matse zuwa kasar gona da kuma sanya shi a cikin pre-dug ba zurfin tsagi sosai. Gyarawa a tsakiya tare da ƙugiya ko sarkar da aka yi da waya kuma jefa shi tare da canzawa, amma a lokaci guda saman ya kamata ya kasance a saman ƙasa. Sanya peg a kusa da saman kuma ɗaure shi don haka. Kar a manta da shayar da kasar gona kan layin a lokacin bazara. Rabuwa na lay ya kamata a yi kawai tare da farko na lokacin bazara na gaba.

Wardi bayan fure

Abin da za a yi bayan fure

Kowane lokaci yana da Dole a sha ruwa da ƙarancin tsire-tsire, yayin da a watan Satumba, dakatar da shaƙa kwata. A tsakiyar watan Agusta, ya zama dole don ciyar da daji tare da takin potash da phosphorus. Matasa harbe za a iya cire, saboda kafin hunturu ba za su ripen. A cikin kaka, kawai kuna buƙatar saƙa da sassauta ƙasa. Don shinge na dutse don hunturu kuna buƙatar bushe cakuda yashi (peat) da ƙasa. Bayan sanyi na farko ya zama dole don tsayar da daji zuwa tsawan 15 zuwa 20 santimita don rufe wannan wurin tare da fim, yana kare shi daga hazo. Idan kuna buƙatar shuka ko dasa wata shuka, to wannan za'a iya yin shi a watan Satumba.

Ana shirya wardi na hunturu

A cikin kaka, yanke duk cututtukan, marasa ƙarfi, bushe ko rassan da suka ji rauni, yanke dabaru marasa tushe na mai tushe. Slices shafe nau'in lambun. Tabbatar cewa bayan datsa mai tushe ba su wuce santimita 50 ba. A fasa duka ganyayyaki a tattara su kuma daga ƙarƙashin gandun daji. An ba da shawarar rusa su. Bi da daji da kuma ƙasa na ƙasa a ƙarƙashinsa tare da ruwa na Bordeaux (1%). Bayan zazzabi ya fadi kasa kasa a digiri 6 zuwa 8 na dare, yakamata a rufe bushesan da busassun ganye ko rassan tsiro. Shafi na musamman ya dace da tsari, amma a ƙarƙashinta a cikin hunturu tsirrai na iya fara waka. Don wannan, ana sanya firam biyu na baka, waɗanda aka shigar a kan layi. An saka kayan hana abinci mai ƙanshi a saman, kuma an sanya fim a kai.

Wardi a cikin hunturu

A rukunin yanar gizon da kuke buƙatar sanya katako don ƙwanƙwasa ƙwayar cuta. Bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta bayyana, dusar ƙanƙara ya kamata ta rufe fure mai fure. Dole ne a fitar da busassun rufaffun shara yayin thaws.