Rasberi rawaya sune ɗayan al'adun lambunan mu masu ban sha'awa. Haka ne, ba za ku gamu da shi ba sau da yawa, kodayake, idan kuna ƙoƙarin haɓaka shi, to ya rigaya ya zama ba zai yiwu ku ƙi ba, saboda ba kayan ciye ba ne kawai, amma kyakkyawa!
Amfanin rawaya raspberries
Rasberi masu launin shuɗi suna da ƙananan acid, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa suke da alama suna da ɗanɗano fiye da ja.
Dukiya mai amfani
Amountarancin anthocyanins (dyes) yana ba ku damar cinye su kuma mutane suna saurin kamuwa da cuta, da mata masu juna biyu, da ƙananan yara. Increasedarin abun ciki na folic acid yana ma'anar shi azaman hanyar ƙarfafa rigakafi, da tsaftace jini, riƙe sabbin sel a cikin lafiya.
Rasberi masu ruwan hoda suna raba "Folgold" (Fall Gold). Rov monroviaKamar jan kishiya, rasberi rawaya kyakkyawa ne mai hangen nesa da diaphoretic da antipyretic, yana da ikon iya yaduwar cututtukan jijiyoyi daga jijiyoyi masu rauni, yana taimakawa rikicewar hanji, yana taimakawa kawar da gubobi daga jiki.
Amfani
Ana cinye berries na rawaya raspberries da farko sabo ne, amma ba su da mummunar sarrafawa fiye da berries berries. Suna yin marmalade, marshmallows, jam, jams, compotes ...
Fasali na Ras Rasberi
Yawancin nau'in raspberries na rawaya suna cikin rukunin masu gyara. Dukkanin nau'ikan zamani ana san su ta hanyar yawan aiki, har zuwa 6 - 9 kilogiram a kowane daji, suna da babban Berry, daga 5 zuwa 10, har ma 12 g, karin fruiting, ƙara tsayayya da cututtuka da kwari, zuwa ƙananan yanayin zafi.
Akwai ra'ayi cewa berries na rawaya raspberries ba kawai ba zan iya hawa ba, amma kuma kada ku kiyaye siffar su. Wannan magana gaskiya ce, amma kawai dangane da tsoffin nau'ikan, nau'ikan zamani suna da drupes mai ƙarfi, gabatarwa mai kyau kuma ana adana su sosai.
Yellow raspberries sa "Miracle Orange". Lub klubnichnakartaShuka Raspberries rawaya
Fasahar aikin gona na raspberries rawaya kusan babu bambanci da fasahar aikin gona na girma iri iri.
Wurin saukowa
Ana shuka lingsan itace a cikin wuraren buɗe rana, a cikin wuraren da babu turɓayar danshi kuma akwai kariya daga iska mai ƙarfi a arewa. Zai fi kyau idan layuka suna daga arewa zuwa kudu ko daga arewa maso gabas zuwa kudu maso yamma, saboda wannan hanyar tsirrai suna da ikon samun matsakaicin haske, wanda gaskiya ne ga yankuna tare da gajeren lokacin sanyi.
Idan kuna da zabi, to, zaɓin da yafi karɓa don rushe Berry shine yanki mai laushi ko gangara har zuwa 8 ° C. Wurin, bayan lamuran dare bai halatta ba, saboda nasarar wannan rukuni na al'adu ta hanyar verticillus wilting. Kada ku dasa raspberries bayan raspberries, barin ƙasar ta huta har tsawon shekaru 5.
Ilasa don rawaya raspberries
Ana iya samun kyakkyawan sakamako ta hanyar dasa shuki masu ruwan rawaya a kan yashi da hasken loamy ƙasa. A kan kasa mai yashi, dasa shuki zai buƙaci ƙarin kulawa mai ɗaukar hoto. Amma a kan ƙasa na acidic mai nauyi yana da kyau kada ku murƙushe raspberries kwata-kwata (idan pH na ƙasa shine <5.5 - bai dace ba don dasa shuki raspberries).
Rasberi rawaya. © Justin Case FotoLokacin sauka
Kamar ja raspberries, ana shuka nau'in rawaya a kaka - a ƙarshen Satumba kuma har zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba (a yankuna na kudanci yan makonni kaɗan ko farkon bazara).
Hanyar dasa ingantacciyar hanya itace maɓalli tare da jera kewayawa na 1.2 - 1.6 m (kuma don tsayi iri da 2 m), kewayon maɓuɓɓuga na 0.5 - 0.6 m. Yawancin tsire-tsire a jere yana daidaituwa ga ikon samuwar iri-iri, zai iya kasance 0.4 m ko fiye.
Seedlings a lokacin dasa ba su zurfi.
Kulawar Rasberi Rawaya
Takin
Domin rawaya raspberries don ba da kyakkyawan girbi (wanda aka bayyana a cikin bayanin don ire-ire), kula mai dacewa ya wajaba a kansa. Kuma abu na farko da kuke buƙatar farawa shine ciyarwa.
Idan an dasa shuki a cikin maɓuɓɓugar hanya, zaku iya mantawa game da takin na shekaru da yawa. A wasu halaye, yana buƙatar nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron, baƙin ƙarfe, manganese.
An rubuta abubuwa da yawa kan yadda za a ciyar da rassa yadda yakamata kuma an yi shawarwari da yawa, amma masana kimiyya suna da ra'ayi iri ɗaya: yawan amfanin wannan amfanin gona ya dogara da ƙarfin ci gaban daji a matakin farko na rayuwa. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a samar da rasberi tare da nitrogen mai yawa a cikin shekaru uku na farko. Don wannan dalili, a watan Fabrairu-Maris, ana amfani da takin mai magani a ƙarƙashinsa, gano su kusa da bushes na farkon shekaru biyu, sannan kuma ya watsa su a jere.
Wasu lokuta ana kasu kashi biyu zuwa kashi biyu, na farko ciyar da raspberries a fall. A lokaci guda, a cikin kaka-hunturu lokacin, wani ɓangare na nitrogen an wanke fita, amma a gefe guda, ciyarwar bazara yana motsa raspberries don samar da adadi mai yawa na overgrowth, wanda kuma ba kyau sosai.
Rawaya raspberries rawaya "Rage maraice" (Porana Rosa, Porana Rosa). Ni ShoniKuna iya zaɓar wannan makirci mai zuwa: a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwar shuka, raba takin tare da nitrogen kuma zuwa sassa uku - na farko ya kamata a aiwatar a farkon Mayu, na biyu da na uku a cikin makonni biyu, tare da tazara tsakanin makonni biyu. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, bar hadi na bazara kawai.
A wannan yanayin, takin nitrogen mafi kyau shine urea, amma ba a bushe ba, amma a cikin ruwa (50 g da 10 l). A ƙarƙashin daji, irin wannan maganin ya isa cikin ƙara 1 lita.
Shaida na cikakken ci gaba na rasberi bushes (ba wuce kima ba a hana shi) zai zama karuwa a 10 - 12 karfi canza harbe, har zuwa 1.5 - 2 m high (dangane da iri-iri), tare da internode tsawon (a tsakiyar ɓangaren harba) of about 8 - 10 cm .
Abubuwan da suka rage suna ƙara kamar yadda ake buƙata, wanda za'a iya ƙaddara ko dai ta hanyar dakin gwaje-gwaje ko ta hanyar mai da hankali kan alamun waje: launi da yanayin jikunan, tsaran ƙarancin internation, da kuma ƙarfin ƙirƙirar harba.
Idan ba ku yi amfani da tuki a kan makircinku ba, ƙara saniya ko takarkarin doki a ƙarƙashin raspberries a cikin kaka, kowane shekaru 2-3, a cikin adadin kilogiram 2.5-3 a kowace murabba'in mita, kazalika da shirya ciyar da ash.
Rasberi rawaya. Nut goro mai 'ya'yan itaceWatering rawaya raspberries
Wani abin da ke da tasiri kai tsaye kan amfanin gona shine shayarwa. A cikin kudu, ana shayar da raspberries sau 6 zuwa 8 a cikin lokacin girma: a lokacin lokacin harbi mai girma, kafin fure, a cikin lokaci na samuwar kore da kuma bayan girbi. A cikin yankin tsakiya, ban ruwa 2 zuwa 4 sun isa: a lokacin tsawon harbi mai girma da kuma bayan girbi.
Kuna iya ruwa raspberries akan furrows ko ta hanyar yayyafa.
Ginger Rasberi Garter
Idan zaɓaɓɓen da aka zaɓa na buƙatar garter, to, ta shekara ta biyu bayan dasa shuki, a cikin layuka na raspberries, wajibi ne don kafa posts kuma cire trellis a kansu. Na farko jere na waya an ja a tsawo na 1.2 - 1.5 m daga ƙasa farfajiya (dangane da tsawo na tsirrai), ƙananan layuka guda biyu a garesu na layin a tsawo na 0.6 - 0.7 m. An yi Garter kafin a buɗe alkalami.
Pingi rawaya raspberries
Buƙatar rawaya raspberries da daman dama. Ana gyara iri iri ko dai nan da nan bayan fruiting, cire kawai harbe, ko a cikin kaka ko farkon bazara, gaba daya yanke daji. A farkon sigar, wannan ya ba da damar ƙarfafa sababbin harbe da bayar da cikakken girbin kaka. A cikin na biyu - yana sa tsire-tsire su tsallake na farko, amma ku ba da ƙarin amfanin gona na biyu.
An yanka nau'ikan da ba na dindindin ba a matakai ɗaya ko biyu, don haɓaka shaƙatar tsari na farko da na biyu.
Bugu da kari, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa nau'ikan gyaran launin rawaya basa son thickening, maida martani dashi tare da raguwa da yawa da ingancin amfanin gona. Sabili da haka, a cikin bazara a kan raspberries wajibi ne don fitar da bakin ciki, barin 4 zuwa 7 da aka kirkiro harbe a daji.
Rasberi rawaya. © tyler_jSako sarrafawa
Wani muhimmin mahimmanci a cikin narkarda rasberi shine kuma sako sako da ƙone ƙasa.
Tsari na raspberries rawaya don hunturu
A mafi yawancin lokuta, nau'in rasberi na rawaya suna da isasshen tsayayya da yanayin zafi, amma inda jikunan suka yi sanyi yana da kyau a tabbata cewa tsananin sanyi ba ya lalata rasberi. Don yin wannan, a ƙarshen Satumba - Oktoba, an yanke rassan rasberi tare da layi kuma an ɗaure su don ba su da fifiko sama da 0.4 a saman ƙasa A wuraren da ake lura da yanayin zafi maras nauyi idan babu dusar ƙanƙara, ana tono bishiyoyi a ƙasa tare da bambaro ko ƙasa.
Yaduwa da rawaya raspberries
Mafi sau da yawa, raspberries na rawaya iri ana yaduwa ta hanyar seedlings. Koyaya, idan kuna so, ko rashin iya samun kayan dasawa, zaku iya ƙoƙarin samun tsirrai daga tsaba. Wannan ba lamari ne mai sauki ba - ƙwayar rasberi tana buƙatar yanayi na ajiya na musamman, shiri mai kyau don shuka kuma yana da ƙarancin germination, amma idan kun yi tarko tare da shi, zaku iya samun kyakkyawan sakamako mai gamsarwa tare da gamsarwa, ko ma sama, mai yuwuwar samarwa.
Domin yaduwar raspberries rawaya tare da tsaba, wajibi ne don wanke berries cikakke daga ɓangaren litattafan almara, bushe tsaba kuma saka su a cikin jakar takarda don ajiya. A ƙarshen Satumba, sanya zuriya a cikin jaka (ana iya yin sa daga kanlan nalan) kuma jiƙa tsawon awanni 24 cikin ruwa. Sa'an nan, daidai a cikin jaka, kunsa a cikin wajibi ne don nutse, dasa shuki matasa shuke-shuke tare da tazara na 5 cm moss sphagnum (a cikin Layer of 3 - 5 cm) da wuri a cikin wuri mai sanyi, tare da tsarin zafin jiki na 2 - 3 ° C. Idan gansakuka da wahalar samu - saka a cikin kwandon yashi. A cikin kwanakin farko na Afrilu, shuka iri a cikin layuka tare da layuka na 40 cm tsakanin layuka Bayan bayan harbe sun tashi.
A lokacin rani, ana kulawa da seedlings yawanci: ana shayar da su, an kwance su, an cire ciyayi. A cikin kaka, ana dasa bishiyoyi matasa zuwa wuri na dindindin. A lokaci guda, tsire-tsire masu ƙyalƙyali masu duhu suna ƙi - raspberries tare da berries rawaya ba za su yi girma daga gare su ba.
Rawaya Rasberi iri-iri "Manyan Rawaya". Ni ShoniAlamar rahama irin rawaya raspberries
Manyan rawaya. A iri ne Semi-m. Mid da wuri. Ya maimaita kaka fruiting. Ofaya daga cikin nau'ikan tebur mafi daɗi. A berries ne amber-rawaya, manya-manyan, yin la'akari game da 9 g, m, m, kusan ba su crumble, dace da harkokin sufuri. Yawan aiki, tare da kulawa da ta dace, yana daga kilogiram 4 zuwa 8 a kowane daji. Daji yana da tsayi, mai iko, yaduwa, yana ba da harbe harbe a kaikaice, ya kai tsayi na 2.5 m (harbe mara karfi) Yana buƙatar garter zuwa trellis. Yana da tsayayya sosai ga kwari da cututtuka. Hunturu-Hardy isa.
Rigar safe (Sunan Yaren mutanen Poland - Porana Rosa). Matsayin masana'antu. Daya daga cikin mafi kamshi. Berries suna zagaye, amber, mai yawa, mai nauyin 5 zuwa 10 g, zaki da dandano mai tsami. Yawan aiki har zuwa 3 kilogiram a kowane daji. Yana da daji mai matsakaici, har zuwa 1.8 m babba, madaidaici, harbe masu ƙarfi. Ba zazzari bane game da yanayin girma, amma yana asarar abun sukari yayin zafi. Yana da rauni juriya game da cututtukan fungal. Lokacin fruiting shine farkon farkon watan Yuni, shekaru goma na biyu na watan Agusta - kafin sanyi. Mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa yana ba da ɗan lokaci na fruiting.
Rawanin rawaya. A iri ne matsakaici da wuri, ba remontant. Yana da matuƙar tsayayya da cututtuka da kwari, matsakaici hunturu. The berries ne rawaya da fari-rawaya, oblong, matsakaici da manyan, auna nauyi daga 3 zuwa 6 g, m, kayan zaki kayan zaki, ba crumble, amma ba su dace da harkokin sufuri. Yawan aiki, tare da kulawa da ta dace, daga 3 zuwa 8 kilogiram a kowane daji. Dajin yana da tsayi-tsayi, har zuwa 1.5 m high, yaduwa. Formationarfin harbi yana da matsakaici. Spikeless harbe.
Yaroslavna, Rawaya bruzvyana ko Rosyatnitsa. A iri ne tsakiyar-kakar. Sake gwadawa. Ya fi dacewa da kudanci. Yana da lokaci biyu na fruiting - daga shekaru goma na biyu na Yuni, kuma daga shekaru goma na biyu na Agusta zuwa sanyi. The berries ne mai haske rawaya, manyan, mai dadi kuma mai tsami, masu nauyin 10 - 12 g. Matsakaicin jigilar kayayyaki. Yawan aiki na 4 kilogiram daga wani daji. Shtambovy nau'in daji, mai tsayi-tsayi, har zuwa 1.7 m mai tsayi. Ba ya buƙatar garter. Harbe rauni rauni. Akwai 'yan ƙaya.
Rasberi masu ruwan hoda suna raba "Folgold" (Fall Gold).
Fado da zinariya (Foldold), Autumn na Dare, wani lokacin ana fassara shi azaman ruwan Sama. Iri-iri gyara ne. Ya kara juriya ga kwari da cututtuka. Area berriesan itace rawaya mai launin shuɗi, conical, mai ƙanshi, mai daɗi sosai, ɗanɗano kayan zaki, mai nauyin 4 zuwa 7 g .. Girma har zuwa kilogiram 7 daga daji. Miƙewa fruiting. Dajin yana da ƙarfi, yaduwa, har zuwa 2.5 m high.
Orange mu'ujiza. Yawancin yana gyara, amma an ba da shawarar don fruiting na lokaci guda. Very unpretentious, rana-ƙauna, hunturu-Hardy. Yana da tsayayya sosai ga cututtuka da kwari. A berries ne mai haske orange, elongated conical, mai yawa, yin la'akari daga 4.5 zuwa 6 g, ba sa murƙushe, kuma suna da babban safarar ruwa. Lokacin girbi na kaka daga 2 zuwa 2.5 kilogiram a kowane daji. Bush har zuwa 1.5 m high, Semi-yada, na bukatar garter.
Zinare mara kyau (Fulgodl), ko kuma zinare mafi kyau. Yawancin suna gyara, amma an ba da shawarar don amfanin gona guda. Yin tsayayya da zafi da ƙarancin zafi. The berries ne amber haske, mai dadi sosai, m, yin awo daga 4 zuwa 9. g. Dajin yana da tsayi, har zuwa 1.6 m.
