Lover, mai warkarwa da mai yin Gasa a cikin gidan. Kuma wannan ma game da shi, game da basilica. Game da ban mamaki, sananne ne daga zamanin da, al'adun yaji da tsire-tsire masu magani, wanda tabbas ya kasance a cikin kowane gida da kowane lambu. Al'adar ba ta buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, kuma ina so in yi shela: "Ta yaya, har yanzu ba ku da gyada a cikin gonar? To, za mu je muku da shuka!"
Basil - yana nufin ƙungiyar perennial da ganye perennial, ciyawa waɗanda ke girma da yardar kaina a cikin tropics da subtropics. Akwai nau'ikan sama da 70 na wannan al'ada, amma kusan nau'ikan 9 suna girma akan sikelin masana'antu don samun kayan ƙanshi da mai na Basil mai tsada. A cikin gidan, ya fi samun ci gaba a cikin Caucasus, a wasu mazabun kudanci. A cikin yankuna na tsakiya da arewacin na Federationasar Rasha, yakan yi ado da taga suttukan gidaje kusa da "rigar Vanka." A halin yanzu, daga zamanin da, ana daukar Basil a matsayin "sarki mai ganye mai yaji" don ƙanshi mai daɗin gaske, wanda zai iya juyar da kowane dafa abinci mai daɗin zama babban kayan abincin rana da kuma magance kowace cuta. Ofayan zaɓi don fassara kalmar basil zuwa ma'anar Rasha - ƙanshin kamshi ne na sarakuna.
Basil mai ƙanshi, ko Basil na gama gari, ko Basil na Lambun, ko Basphoic Basil (Basiliicum mafi girma)Magunguna da kuma na dafuwa Properties na Basil
A cikin kowane lambu, Basil ya zama dole saboda sabon abu na magani da kima na dafuwa. Abubuwan sunadarai na Basil yana halin babban abun ciki na mai mai mahimmanci, babban abin da shine camphor (50-80% dangane da iri) da sauran terpenes. Ana amfani da Camphor a matsayin magani a cikin magani na hukuma don raunana ayyukan zuciya, asfaksiya, maganin damuwa, da sauransu Babban adadin mai mai mahimmanci ya ƙunshi ganye (har zuwa 6.5%) da inflorescences (har zuwa 3.5%). Saboda haka, don dalilai na magani kawai waɗannan gungun tsire-tsire ana girbe su ba tare da tushe ba.
Basil ya ƙunshi rutin, maras tabbas, ascorbic acid, bitamin "PP", "A", "B2". A cikin magungunan jama'a, ana amfani dashi sau da yawa don cutar cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ta huhu da mashako. A matsayin antifungal da wakili na antibacterial, ana amfani da basil don kurkura tare da tonsillitis, halitosis, gami da caries. Ko da ƙaramin basil da aka kara a cikin jita-jita yana taimakawa rage ƙwayar jini, da kariya daga bayyanar tumbi na etiologies daban-daban, da hana farkon tsufa da asarar ƙwaƙwalwa. Yana inganta ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da aiki na kwakwalwa, wasu cututtukan gastrointestinal, cire gubobi daga jiki, daidaitaccen tsarin juyayi.
Muhimman mahimmancin basil da dafa abinci. Bugu da ƙari ga salads na bitamin, darussan farko da na biyu, biredi yana inganta ingantaccen abinci, teas waɗanda suke da asali a cikin dandano da ƙanshi suna da tasirin laushi. A Gabas ta Tsakiya, masu warkarwa na gargajiya suna ɗaukar Basil wani tsiro na musamman wanda zai iya taimakawa tare da kowace cuta, kuma shayi na Basil, gwargwadon tasirin jikinsa, an danganta shi da ƙwararrun matasa. Ana amfani da Basil wajen keɓance fitattun shaye-shayen Benedictine da Chartreuse. Ba a watsi da shi a cikin turare ba. Koyaya, kada kuyi overdo, musamman lokacin amfani da basil don magani. Yana da cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da thrombophlebitis, hawan jini da sauran cututtuka.
Basil kore ne da shunayya. Ri BrianinLRFasali na namo Basil
A Rasha, saboda yanayin yanayi, Basil ana horar da shi azaman al'adun gargajiyar yaji da yaji na shekara-shekara. A wuri guda, yana iya girma don shekaru 3-4, sannan yana buƙatar canza gadaje saboda yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta tare da takamaiman kamuwa da cututtukan fungal, wanda ya tara tsawon shekaru tare da narkarda ƙwayar cuta. Don namo gida, ana amfani da nau'ikan da aka fi amfani da su - ƙanshi ko basil na yau da kullun. Wani lokacin kuma ana kiranta camphor basil.
Sanarwar takaice da kuma nau'ikan Basil
Basil da ire-iren sa don namowa a cikin gida kayan amfanin gona ne na shekara tare da kara ciyawa. Tushen tsarin shine fibrous, wanda yake a cikin ƙasa na sama. Sabili da haka, Basil yana buƙatar ɗaukar ruwa akai, amma babu frills. Kara yana 4-face, 35-60 cm tsayi, ya danganta da yanayin girma. Ya na da babban iko mai fasali, yana samar da 12-15 a kaikaice mai tushe. Petiole bar, tsallake. An nuna alamar asalin ganye. An rarrabe su ta hanyar wadataccen launuka - daga kore zuwa launin shuɗi mai duhu. Leaf pigmentation an watsa shi zuwa ga tsire-tsire gaba ɗaya. Furanni masu ƙananan, tattara a cikin inflorescences spikelet. Launi na Corolla fari ne, ruwan hoda, mai ruwan hoda mai haske. Al'adar galibi tana kama daga Yuli zuwa Satumba. Ganyayyaki daga seedlingsan itacen zuwa zuriya yana yin kwanaki 60-100.
A cikin sharuddan tumatir, Basil ya kasu kashi biyu, na tsakiya, na marigayi da canji (na tsakiya tsakanin farkon da na tsakiya, na tsakiya da na marigayi).
Basil kore ne. Co Marco BernardiniMatakan farko: Mafi shahara Basilisk, Clove, Yerevan Da sauransu, na farko, nau'ikan guda biyu na farko sun banbanta da albasa da albasa da kuma albasa mai ban sha'awa, kuma na karshe a cikin inuwa mai kauri ta allspice da shayi. Ganyayyaki na iya zama mai haske kore, mai launin anthocyanin, launin shuɗi.
Matsakaitan maki: Ararat, Baku, Caramel, Moskvoretsky SEMKO, Orion, Harshen Tonus ganye da sauransu Semi-yada daga 40 zuwa 50 cm. Ganyayyaki sun banbanta da launin ruwan kasa-shuɗi, ruwan hoda-kore, launi na anthocyanin. Smellanshin yana da ƙarfi albasa-Mint, Anise, caramel, barkono.
Karshe maki: Lemun tsami, Lemon dandano, Tebur, Mai fitina, Mai hangen nesa da sauransu .. Manya manyan ganye masu haske tare da lemun tsami mai ƙarfi, ƙanshin marinade halayen ne. An girma ne kawai a cikin seedlings.
A cikin bazara, za a iya dasa bisil cikin tukwane kuma duk hunturu suna da kyawawan ganye mai ƙanshi da kyawawan tsire-tsire masu kayan ado a cikin gida.
Basil namo
Magabata da makwabta
A cikin iyalai inda ake amfani da basil a cikin jita-jita da yawa kuma an girbe don hunturu, al'adar za a iya girma a cikin yanayin watsawa ta al'adu a cikin wani gado na daban. Basil girma cikin girma gadaje da kuma hade a matsayin compactor. Basil nasa ne a asalinsa ga rukunin amfanin gona masu tsananin zafi. Babu shakka bai yarda da yanayin zafi ba kuma tuni a -1 * C ya mutu. Zai fi kyau shuka Basil a cikin kewaya al'adu don kada wata inuwa daga maƙwabta masu girma, amma sun yi rawar kariya daga iska da magudanun.
Nau'in ƙasa ba shi da mahimmanci sosai, amma Basil yana buƙatar kwayoyin halitta kuma yana haɓaka mafi kyau bayan magabata waɗanda suka sami takin gargajiya. Mafi kyawun magabata da maƙwabta a cikin gadaje sune darenhade, zucchini, ganyen, albasa, karas. Basil talauci yana yarda da unguwa tare da farin kabeji, radish, radish. Beets da wake suna tsaka tsaki saboda ita lokacin da aka girma a cikin wani gado mai hade. Kamar magabata ba a sonsu. Basil baya yarda da unguwar marigold. Suna zaluntar "dabi'ar sa."
Basil mai dadi (Ocimum basiliicum)A wajen kudu, za a iya girma da Basil daga zuriya ta hanyar shuka kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa, a cikin yankuna masu sanyi ta hanyar shuka, kuma a arewa kawai a cikin ɓoyayyen ƙasa ko albarkatun gona a cikin ɗakin.
Preparationasa shiri
Lokacin da aka horar da shi a cikin ƙasa bude, an haƙa ƙasa a faɗuwa, zai fi dacewa ba tare da jujjuya samuwar ba (musamman maɗaukar ƙasa). A kan Organic tsirai kasa taimakawa wajen 1 square. m don digging 0.5 buckets na humus, tablespoon na superphosphate da teaspoon na kowane taki potash. A cikin bazara, kafin shuka ko dasa shuki, an shimfiɗa gado ta 10 cm.
Shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa
Shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa buɗe a cikin kudancin yankin ana aiwatar da su a cikin shekaru goma na uku na Afrilu, a tsakiyar layi (kusa da kudu) daga tsakiyar watan Mayu. Yana da mafi amfani don waƙa da lokacin shuka ta zazzabi. Soilasa ta kamata ta dumama cikin sanyin da ke zaune a ciki 10-15 cm zuwa + 12 ... + 14 * С, kuma iska ba ƙasa da + 15 * С. A ƙananan yanayin zafi, Basil yakan tashi tsawon lokaci kuma ba ya ci gaba sosai. Soilasa don shuka tayi a hankali, an yanke filawar ta 15-20 cm zurfin 1.5-2.0 cm. Shuka tsaba na iya bushewa ko soyayyen a cikin tushen tushen tsawon awanni 3. Kulawar bayan fitowar ya ƙunshi weah da loosening don rufe layuka da ruwa. Haka kuma, ana gudanar da ruwa tare da rafi mai rauni daga tiyo na bakin ciki a tushe. Lokacin da ruwa ya shiga ganyayyaki, wani ɓangare na amfanin gona ya mutu. Ruwa kawai tare da ruwa mai dumi (daga rijiyoyin rijiyoyin, ana yin ruwa a rana).
Basil iri. J Matej DuzelTsirma na Basil
A tsakiyar layi da yankuna na arewacin, Basil yana girma ta hanyar shuka. Shuka tsaba a shekaru goma na uku na Maris ko kuma farkon watan Afrilu. A cikin yankuna na arewacin 1-2 makonni daga baya don guje wa kwararan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Shirya cakuda ƙasa don shuka ko sayan ƙasar da aka yi shirye. Lingsalingsan itace suna girma cikin daidaitattun seedlings ko wasu kwantena. Danshi cikin kasar gona kafin shuka. Za'ayi shuka kai tsaye a ƙasa ko a cikin tsalle na 0.5-1.0 cm kuma an yayyafa shi da yashi ko ƙananan ciyawa a saman, an rufe shi da fim, zai fi dacewa duhu. Harbe yana bayyana a cikin kwanakin 4-5 a zazzabi na + 20 ... + 25 * C. An cire fim bayan germination, ana sanya akwatunan tare da seedlings kusa da haske. Ba a buƙatar yanayin zafin jiki na musamman don shuka ba, amma ana buƙatar zazzabi aƙalla + 17 * C a cikin ɗakin. Soilasa ta kasance cikin rigar (not rigar) yanayin. Otsan buɗe ido suna firam 2-3 cm tsakanin tsirrai a jere. A cikin lokaci na ganyayyaki na gaske na 2-3, ana shuka seedlings a cikin tukwane daban-daban ko akwatuna, yana barin tsakanin tsire-tsire 5-6 cm.Idan tsirrai suna kama da al'ada, to, ba a aiwatar da sutturar babba ba. Idan suna etiolated, elongated, mai rauni, to, sun shirya wani bayani na nitroammophoska (10 g / 5 l na ruwan dumi) kuma a hankali tsiro seedlings bayan nutsewa a ƙarƙashin tushen. Don mafi kyawun aikin a cikin lokaci na ganye 5, an zartar da ƙwanƙwasa firam na Basil. Kimanin kwanaki 7-8 kafin dasawa, tsofaffin kwanakin kwana 40-50 ana yin fushi ta hanyar sanya ɗakuna tare da ƙananan zazzabi ko ta hanyar iska (a cikin gidajen kore). Ana shuka 'ya'yan itace a cikin ƙasa a farkon Yuni. Ya kamata lingsa havean haveyan itace su sami ganye na 5-6 bisa al'ada. Tsarin dasa shuki talakawa ne, nisa tsakanin layuka shine 25 cm, tsakanin bushes a jere 30 cm.
Basil Kulawa
A cikin makonni 2 na farko bayan dasawa, ana shayar da Basil koyaushe tare da ƙananan ƙa'idodi. A sauran lokacin - kamar yadda ake buƙata. Dole ne a kiyaye kasar gona a karkashin Basil a cikin wani sako-sako da jihar, ko da yaushe sako-sako. Tsire-tsire suna buƙatar karye ta, tun lokacin da ake ɗaukar tsiran tsire-tsire na iya tsoratar da lalacewar tsire-tsire ta ƙirar m. Don yin tsalle-tsalle mafi girma, ana cire inflorescences mai fito daga tsire-tsire matasa. Ana cire inflorescences yana haɓaka samuwar matasa, kuma yana kiyaye juiciness na ganye. Ganyayyaki kore tare da tsire-tsire masu fure suna da daci. Onesananan ƙananan sun fara juya launin rawaya da bushe.
Basil mai dadi (Ocimum basiliicum)Shuka kariya daga cututtuka da kwari
Basil abu ne mai matuƙar tsayayya ga cututtuka da lalacewa ta hanyar kwari. Shi kanshi kyakkyawan shahararre ne ga kwari, sauro, hawthorn biyar da sauran kwari. Wani lokaci aphids suna zaune akan tsire-tsire matasa, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo zai bayyana, lalata plantsan tsirrai na filin kwari. An hana amfani da kemikal akan amfanin gona kore. Ana iya yaduwar tsire-tsire tare da jiko na albasa husks ko wasu ganye marasa guba. Zai fi kyau amfani da magani na ƙabilar halitta. Ba su da lahani ga mutane, dabbobi da kwari masu amfani. Irin waɗannan kwayoyi sun hada da boverin, bitoxibacillin, verticillin. Zasu iya yayyafa tsire-tsire. A tsawon lokaci, Basil yana nuna kayan kwalliya da aphids tare da gizo-gizo mite mutu.
Game da rashin yarda da bukatun agrotechnical (thickening, ban ruwa mai nauyi, zafi mai zurfi a cikin greenhouse, da dai sauransu), Basil ya yi rashin lafiya tare da ƙafa na baki, fusarium, rot launin toka. A wannan yanayin, matakan kariya zasu taimaka, babban wanda shine cirewar cututtukan tsire-tsire, bushewa na saman ƙasa na sama, magani tare da samfuran halitta (phytosporin, gamair, planriz, da dai sauransu). Dilution, ana nuna adadin jiyya akan kunshin ko a cikin shawarwarin.
Girbi
Girbi a kan kore taro ba mai iyaka. Lokacin da ganye ke tsiro da iska mai yawa na 10-12 cm, ana cire ganye daban kamar yadda ake buƙata don amfani sabo ko lokacin girbi saboda hunturu. Ganyayyaki da inflorescences sun fi daskarewa, amma ana iya bushewa a cikin inuwa, suna shimfiɗa wani bakin ciki akan tawul ko tebur (ba fim). Ganyen da ya bushe ya kasance ƙasa kuma an adana shi a cikin kwalba na gilashi a ƙarƙashin murfin ƙasa. Don tattara tsaba, bar bushes da yawa har zuwa ƙarshen lokacin girma. An girbe tsire-tsire a farkon ripening a cikin goga na ƙananan tsaba. Sun samo launin ruwan kasa. Tsaba suna riƙe germination lokacin da aka adana shi a cikin ɗakin bushe don shekaru 4-5.
Basil kore ne da shunayya. H Eric HuntBasil a cikin filin shakatawa na lambu
Basil yana cikin rukunin kayan ado da tsire-tsire masu ƙyalli. Ana iya girma a matsayin tsirrai masu iyaka, inuwa gefuna da gadajen fure. Yana da kyau a hade tare da hypericum blue, hehera, oregano da Mint, runduna. Yayi kyau tare da kananan wardi, yana kare su daga aphids.
