Girma-girma, kusan ci gaba da fure kuma koyaushe kyawawan balsami ana ɗaukarsu ɗayan mafi kyawun tsire-tsire na cikin gida don fara lambu. Haske mai walƙiya mai haske wanda har yanzu ya faranta wa iyayenmu rai, kuma a yau masu sha'awar taga sili, loggias da filayen lambun. Suna amsawa zuwa ga kulawa mai sauƙi ta hanyar samuwar sabbin buds da hasken fure.
Amma wannan tsire-tsire marasa kan gado wani lokacin ya zama wanda aka azabtar da kwari da cututtukan cututtukan cututtuka. Wadanne hatsarori suke barazanar fure fure? Yadda za a gane su, kuma idan ya cancanta, samar da magani don tsire-tsire na ornamental?
Mafi sau da yawa, dalilai na raunana gidan kore, bushewarsa ko dakatar da haɓakawa sune dalilan rashin kiyaye yanayin yanayin da ake buƙata na tsarewa ko rashin kulawa. A yanayi, sinadarai na rayuwa suna zaune a yankuna tare da yanayin dumin yanayi mai dumin rai, inda babu canje-canje kwatsam a zazzabi kuma, musamman, sanyi.
Minimumaramin zazzabi da aka ba da izinin fure na balsam shine 13 ° C, idan an yi wa gidan balsam kwalliya da shukar filawa, to, bai kamata a sanyaya iska a ƙasa da 15 ° C ba. Matsakaicin zafin jiki don fure shine 18-20 ° C. A cikin dakin da ya fi zafi, furanni sun faɗi da sauri, kuma samuwar sabbin buds yana rage ƙasa. Bugu da kari, wasu matsaloli masu wahala ba makawa.
Ba abin mamaki ba ne a sahun wuta ana kiransa Vanka Wet. Tsirrai ba kawai suke da matukar muhimmanci ba game da bushewar ƙasa, amma kuma suna son iska mai laushi.
Tambayar tambaya: "Me yasa ganyen ganye balsam suke fadi?", Dole ne mai girbi ya bincika yanayin da fure yake ciki. Kayan aiki na dumama mai aiki suna shafar zafin jiki daki da zafi. A ƙananan shi ne, da karfi da iska na danshi daga ganye, kuma balsam ya raunana da sauri. Yawancin bushewa na ƙasa yana haifar da wannan, musamman yayin haɓaka aiki.
Sakamakon haka, an hana fure da girma da sababbin harbe, da ganyayyaki, farawa daga ƙananan ƙananan, juya rawaya da faɗuwa. Wannan yanayin yakan kasance kwari da kwari.
Decreasein yawan zafin jiki na yawan zafin jiki shima abu ne mara kyau. Balsam bai yi haƙuri ko da sanyaya ɗan gajeren lokaci ba, saboda haka ya fi kyau tsaftace tsirran da aka karɓa zuwa gonar ko baranda daga rabin bazara na biyu da dare.
Cututtuka na balsam da magani
A ƙananan yanayin zafi, buƙatar danshi yana raguwa, saboda haka dole ne a rage yawan ruwa. Idan ba a yi wannan ba, kar a guji bayyanar da lalacewa, wasu, kamar yadda a cikin hoto, cututtuka da kwari na balsam.
Daga cikin cututtukan balsam, milyw na fari shine mafi cutarwa ga tsirrai a waje.
'Yan shekarun da suka gabata, ainihin cutar wannan cuta ta kamu da balsam a Amurka. Kamuwa da cuta ya taimaka zuwa:
- yanayin sanyi mai sanyi;
- cunkoso mai cike da cunkoso, wanda danshi ba shi da lokacin ƙaura daga farfajiyar ƙasa.
- isasshen hankali ga kula da shuka.
Alamun farko na wata cuta da ke haifar da cutar fungi suna bayyana a zazzabi da ke ƙasa da 16-18 ° C a zafi 100%. Pathogens tare da danshi shiga cikin ganyen ganye, kuma bayan wasu 'yan kwanaki sai an canza fure mai lafiya. Na farko, wani farin haske ya bayyana a bayan ganye, sannan suyi baƙi suka fado.
Sabon ganye ya girma ƙarami, ko girma ya tsaya gaba ɗaya. A sakamakon haka, kawai abubuwan da ba za a iya tantancewa daga harbe su ya rage daga balsam na fure ba. Don hana mutuwar tsire-tsire yayin sanyaya:
- rage mita na sha;
- kare sinadarai daga faɗuwar sanyi;
- dauki matakan kwantar da dakin.
A farkon alamun cutar, an cire dukkanin ƙwayar cuta ta balsamines, kuma ana amfani da tsire-tsire ba tare da lalacewa ta fili tare da abubuwan fungicides na tsari ba.
Wadanda ke fama da ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayar cuta suna yawanci balsams, waɗanda aka tilasta su girma cikin ƙasa mai laima sosai.
Factorarin abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa ga yaduwar ƙwayoyin fungi masu haɗari da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta an rage yawan zafin jiki na iska. A karkashin irin wannan yanayi, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar ƙasa da danshi, tafiyar matakai na rayuwa da ci gaba ya ragu.
Rot yana shafar mai tushe yayin hulɗa da ƙasa, har da ganye da sauran sassan shuka. Wani harbi ko ganye mai kamuwa da cuta ya juye launin ruwan kasa, yatsu ya mutu. Ya kamata a mai da hankali sosai ga cututtukan balsam da magani idan an samo gili akan samarin matasa da kuma seedlingsan seedlings kawai da suka ba da tushe.
A matsayin gwargwadon rigakafin, ana shirya cutukan da aka shirya don dasa tushen tare da maganin kashe-kashe na yau da kullun, sannan sake yin magani ana aiwatar da shi lokacin da aka dasa, ba mantawa don ba da ruwa da ƙasa sosai a gindin tushe tare da kayan aiki.
Kwari, kwari gizo-gizo da cututtukan balsam
Furen balsam ba shine danshi-mai ƙauna kawai ba, har ma yana neman haske. Tare da rashin hasken rana:
- harbe fara budewa, zama bakin ciki;
- lian girma ya rage gudu;
- buds an talauce an buɗe su.
Hasken rana kai tsaye ba zai kawo kyakkyawa da lafiya ga al'adun adon ba. Furen balsam da sauri yana asarar danshi, hanya ta dabi'a ta lalace, inji babu makawa.
Ana iya ganin alamun irin wannan tare da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, lokacin da ba a dasa tsire-tsire ba tsawon lokaci ko kuma ba a hadi da shi ba. Kamar doguwar jinya a cikin busasshiyar iska, wannan na iya jawo hankulan ɓarnar, kamar a cikin hoto, cututtuka da kwari.
Kuna iya koyon game da harin akan balsam na barnam ta hanyar halayyar halayyar matasa na yara a saman harbe da kuma canjin bayyanar ci gaban. Yayinda kamuwa da cuta ke faruwa, bayyanuwar furannin balsam shima yana canzawa. A gefuna da petals zama bushe, launin ruwan kasa, kuma a tsakiyar corolla da muguwar cutar na shuka saukin rarrabewa.
Thrips suna da haɗari masu haɗari, saboda ba wai kawai suna raunana fure ba, suna lalata ta kuma hana ta girma, waɗannan kwari suna ɗaukar ƙwayar mosaic - wata cuta ta ɓoye.
Samfurorun samari sun fi saurin kamuwa da cuta fiye da manya. Ana lura da alamun farko na kasancewar kwari, kuma ana fara kula da tsirrai tare da kwari, mafi girma da alama na warkewa da adana al'adun ado.
Tsire-tsire masu lalacewa suna ware, kuma an lalata sassan daji. Ana maimaita yaduwa sau da yawa, kowane kwanaki 4 zuwa 5, har sai an kula da kwari a dukkan matakan ci gaba.
Aphids wanda ke zaune a cikin balsam a waje, har da thrips, suna ba da gudummawa ga yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban akan tsire-tsire waɗanda ke haifar da cutar mosaic. Zai iya bayyana kansa a cikin nau'i na launuka daban-daban da sifofi, sannu-sannu yakan kai ga bushewa da lalacewar furanni da ganyayyaki.
Zai yuwu a iya warkewa da mutanen da abin ya shafa, saboda haka an lalata su kuma ana ba da kulawa ta musamman ga matakan rigakafin, wato, don magance cututtukan kwari.
Baya ga aphids da thrips, nematodes na ƙasa, fararen fata da kowane nau'ikan ticks suna barazanar balsam.
Don kawar da tsotse kwari, yi amfani da kwari na rigakafi ko magungunan gida tabbatacce, alal misali, ƙwayoyin ganye. Amma ticks, kamar "yawancin baƙi" akan balsam, suna buƙatar wata hanya dabam.
Daga cikin kwari na ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtukan cututtukan su, gizo-gizo mite shine mafi kutsawa cikin abokan gaba masu haɗari da al'adun ado. Alamomin bayyanar sa suna da sauki a lura idan kayi nazari a hankali:
- internodes;
- petioles na ganye;
- baya bangarorin faranti.
Baya ga ƙaramin cobwebs mafi ƙanƙanta da ƙanana, har zuwa 0.5 millimita tsawon tsayi na launin shuɗi, mai wannan bututun zai lura cewa tsiron ya zama mai laushi, ganyayyaki sun rasa luster, kuma tsananin fure ya ragu sosai.
Yaduwar gizo-gizo da sauran nau'ikan ƙuraje suna ba da gudummawa ga yawan zafin jiki da ƙarancin zafi. Idan kuka sassauta tare da matakan sarrafawa, harbe, ganye da kuma ganye na balsam wanda ke cike da ticks za a rufe shi da haushi mara rai, inji zai raunana kuma yana iya mutu.
Bayan lura da kasancewar kwari a kan fure na balsam, an yanke sassan lalacewar shuka sosai, sauran kuma ana bi da su da ruwan soapy. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da koren sabulu ko sabulu. Ana wanke kumfa da aka shafa wa tsiron bayan mintuna 5-7, kuma bayan sati daya ana maimaita aikin. Idan matakin kamuwa da cuta ya yi yawa, kar ku guji amfani da acaricides, alal misali, Fitoverm, Vertimek da sauran kwayoyi.
Baya ga cobwebs, sauran nau'ikan ticks suna parasitize akan balsamics. A cyclamen kaska take kaiwa zuwa nakasawa da kuma dakatar da girma na matasa ganye, a kaikaice buds da harbe a gaba ɗaya. Itatuwa wanda ba shi da maki mai girma da wuri ya mutu. Guda iri ɗaya na jiran itace sare daga fure mai kamshi. Sabili da haka, a wannan yanayin, ba kawai maimaita magani tare da ingantaccen acaricide yana da mahimmanci ba, har ma da cikakken bincike na tsire-tsire da aka yi amfani da shi don yaduwa.
Amincewa ne kawai da fasaha na aikin gona da kulawa akai-akai game da balsam na fure zai ba da tabbacin lafiyar tsirrai, saurin haɓarsu da ciyawar fure a waje da kuma kan taga.
