Catalpa yana cikin wakilan 'yan ƙabilar Bignonius. A cikin daji, yana girma a gabashin Indiya, Japan, China da Arewacin Amurka. A zamanin da, Indiyawan amfani da wannan sabon itace itaciya, wanda ya shirya hanyoyi daga shi wanda ke taimakawa yaqi da cutarwa mai hatsarin gaske kamar zazzaɓi da amai da gudawa.
Babban bayani
Sun kira shi da "katoba", amma, ba da daɗewa ba wani masanin kimiyya da masanin ilimin kimiyyar ilmin fata na Skopoli ya sake sunan shi da catalpa. Shine wanda ya fara nazarin kuma ya bayyana catalpa, wanda ya bayyana wa duniya wannan tsiro.
Halittar Bignonium ta haɗo daga 10 zuwa 38 nau'in catalps. Wasu daga cikinsu ana horar da su ne a Kudancin Rasha, Belarus da Ukraine, yayin da sauran kuma ana iya ganin su a cikin daji kawai.
Catalpa wata itaciya ce kuma mai sauƙin kulawa, saboda haka idan kuna son yin ado da tsarin lambun ku, kuna ba ta kyakkyawa da baƙon abu, to wannan shine ainihin abin da kuke buƙata.
Tsarin Catalpa da iri
Catalpa bignoniform - A cikin daji, ana iya samun itacen a Arewacin Amurka. Yana girma a bankunan koguna. Dankin ya kai tsayin mita 20. Catalpa yana da kambi mai shimfiɗa ta wani nau'in zagaye. Haushi na catalpa yana da ƙyalli lamellar tare da launin ruwan kasa mai haske. Ganyen suna da yawa, koren haske a kamanninsu.
Inflorescences na shuka suna da siffar dala. A cikin nisa sun kai santimita 20, kuma tsayi - 30 santimita. Inflorescences ya ƙunshi ƙananan furanni masu ƙanshi na fararen launi tare da furucin launin ja-launin ruwan kasa. Lokacin fure shine kwanaki 20, bayan wannan tsawon lokaci, 'ya'yan itaciya masu kunkuntar sun fara nunawa a cikin hanyar pods tare da kananan tsaba.
Catalpa yana da kyau - wurin haifuwar wannan nau'in catalpa shine Arewacin Amurka. Itace mai girma ya kai tsayin mita 30 kuma yana da rawanin pyramidal mai manyan ganye tare da ganyen kore mai haske da haushi na inuwa mai kauri.
Abubuwan inflorescences na shuka suna da sifar panicle kuma sun ƙunshi ƙananan faranta wa furanni launuka masu launin shuɗi tare da saƙo mai launin shuɗi. 'Ya'yan Catalpa wasu ƙananan akwatuna ne masu fashewa yayin da aka ɗora su da sauke tsaba a ƙasa.
Catalpa yana da kwazazzabo
Kambin itacen yana da siffar dala. An rufe gangar jikin kwandon shara na bakin ciki. Ganyen suna da girma, kore mai duhu a launi. Inflorescences suna da inuwa mai mau kirim tare da rawaya mai rawaya da dige masu duhu.
Theanshin furanni a nesa yana kama da apple. Catalpa blooms na wata daya kawai. Ya haɗu a cikin ƙasa mai ƙima kuma yana ƙaunar mahimmanci. Wannan nau'in shuka yana da halin juriya mai sanyi da juriya mai kyau ga cututtuka da kwari.
Catalpa nana - karami ne, sannu a hankali yana girma, yana da kambi mai kambi tare da daskararren ciyayi mai haske. Tsawon catalpa ya kai mita 4 zuwa 6.
Lokacin ruwa daga Yuni zuwa Yuli. Ana tattara furanni a cikin manyan inflorescences, waɗanda suke da ƙanshin farin ciki da launuka masu laushi masu kyau tare da ratsin launin rawaya da launin shuɗi. 'Ya'yan Catalpa sun kasance kunkuntar, dogaye, suna da kamannin falon fayel.
Catalpa mai sihiri - Wannan iri-iri an bred ta hanyar haye ƙirar ƙwayayen da catalps na talakawa. Itace ya kai tsayin mitoci 16 kuma yana da kambi mai cike da tsada tare da murfin ganye mai haske. Catalpa inflorescences sun kasance sako-sako da babba, sun ƙunshi ƙananan fararen furanni tare da aibobi masu launin shuɗi a waje da furannin.
Catalpa ovate
Wurin haifuwar tsire-tsire shine China ta Tsakiya. A tsayi, itaciyar mazan ta kai mita 10, amma idan aka girma a kan wani shinge na lambu, catalpa ba ta girma fiye da mita 4.
Ita ce mai mallakar manyan furanni masu farantawa tare da jin daɗi tare da farin hue tare da launin ruwan hoda da aka tara cikin manyan goge. 'Ya'yan itãcen shuka sunyi kama da bakin ciki da tsayi tsayi. Catalpe yana buƙatar mai yawa haske da ƙasa mai gina jiki don haɓaka da haɓaka.
Catalpa blushing purpurea - itaciyar da ya girma ya kai tsawon mita 10. Yana da kambi mai yawa tare da manyan ganye, baƙon abu a cikin inuwa. Lokacin da furannin ganye suke buɗe, suna da launuka masu launin shuɗi, amma bayan wata ɗaya, sai su canza launinsu zuwa launin kore.
Theungiyar fure take a cikin ƙananan furanni, mai kama da karrarawa na fararen launuka masu launin shuɗi, waɗanda aka tattara cikin manyan goge. Catalpa blooms a tsakiyar lokacin rani kuma yana kawai wata daya.
Catalpa vulgaris - Itace yana da madaidaiciya mai tushe tare da murfin murɗa mara nauyi na launin kore. Tsawon itacen ya kai mita 8. Catalpa blooms na wata daya tare da manyan goge tare da karamin inflorescences wani farin hue tare da purple fatrynx. Tsaba suna bakin ciki da tsayi tsintsiyar tsintsiya a tsakiyar kaka.
Catalpa bunge - nativeasar asalin tsire-tsire ita ce ƙasar Sin ta Arewa. An sanya sunan iri-iri a bayan mai ilimin botanist daga Jamus Alexander Bunge, wanda shine majagaba na wannan ire-ire. Itace tana da rawanin dala tare da manyan ganyayyaki masu launin kore mai duhu. Infalrescences na Catalpa ƙananan. Sun ƙunshi ƙananan furanni 3-12 masu launin shuɗi, bayan furanni waɗanda 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kama da shuɗar fure suka bayyana.
Catalpa m
Itace itace mai tsayin mita 8 zuwa 10. A cikin daji, tsayinsa zai iya kaiwa mita 20. Kambin catalpa mai kauri ne, yana da siffar dala. Ganyen suna da manyan duhu kore a launi. An tattara ƙananan furanni a cikin manyan, tseren tsere, da jin daɗin jin daɗin farin inflorescences tare da aibobi masu launin shuɗi. Lokacin fure na shuka ya fadi a tsakiyar bazara.
Catalpa Aurea - Wannan nau'ikan catalpa ya kai tsayi har zuwa mita 8 kuma yana da kauri, kambin pyramidal tare da manyan koren ganye mai haske. Itace bishiya a watan Yuni. Furanni ƙananan, masu ƙanshi, waɗanda aka tattara a cikin manyan inflorescences farin launin farar fata.
Hatsari na Catalpa - itacen yana girma har zuwa mita 20 kuma yana da kambi mai zagaye tare da rassa masu yaduwa. Ganyen suna da yawa, koren haske a launi tare da ɗanƙano. A shuka blooms a tsakiyar lokacin rani tare da m da fararen furanni da purple pharynx, tattara a sako-sako da manyan goge. Bayan fure, 'ya'yan itaciya masu siffa masu tsawo ana kafa su.
Catalpa Fargoza - a cikin daji, ana samun shuka a cikin gandun daji na Yammacin China. Tsawon itacen ya kai mita 20. Tana da kambi mai kauri, mara nauyi, mai kambin gaske tare da murfin ganye mai duhu mai duhu.
Catalpa blooms a watan Yuni. Ana tattara furanni masu launin shuɗi ko ruwan hoda tare da ƙwarjimin orange a cikin manyan, sako-sako, ƙanshin ƙamshi. Bayan fure, 'Ya'yan itaciya masu tsawo da na bakin ciki a cikin nau'ikan filayen an kafa su.
Catalpa saukowa da kulawa a cikin gari
Dasa kuma kula da catalpa ba ta bambanta da sauran itace mai ado. Ana iya siyan seedlings na Catalpa duka biyu a cikin gandun daji kuma ana girma daga tsaba a kansu. Kuna buƙatar dasa bishiyar bishiya a cikin lambu a cikin bazara, kafin lokacin ya kwarara ruwan itace, ko a lokacin kaka, lokacin da bishiyoyin suka fado da ganye.
Don saukar da catalpa, kuna buƙatar nemo wani wuri mai haske mai kyau, wanda za'a rufe shi daga iska da magudanun. Wannan ya zama dole saboda itaciyar tana da murfin ganye mai ƙyalƙyali, wanda iska mai saurin kamuwa da ita ta lalata shi da kwarkwaran ƙarfi.
Hakanan zai iya kasancewa da ƙari idan akan wurin ruwan zai kasance mai zurfi kamar yadda zai yiwu a ƙarƙashin. Catalpa yana da matukar son sarari, don haka dole ne a kula da tazara ta aƙalla aƙalla mita 5 tsakanin tsararren shuka da sauran bishiyoyi.
Tsarin Catalpa a bazara
Ramin saukar da ƙasa ya kamata ya zama zurfin santimita 100 da faɗin of 70 santimita. A kasan ramin ya kamata a shimfiɗa magudanar ruwa a cikin ɓarnar ko tubalin da ya fashe. Kauri daga cikin magudanar ruwa yakamata yakai santimita 15.
Lokacin da aka aza magudanar ruwa, an zuba ƙasa a kanta, a cikin ƙarami kaɗan fiye da rabin ramin. Sannan an sanya itace a cikin substrate, bayan an daidaita asalin sa. Ragowar mara komai a ciki cike yake da kasar gona da kadan.
Bayan an gama dasa, itaciyar tana shayar da ruwa sosai. Wajibi ne a tabbata cewa bayan shan danshi, tushen wuyan ya sauka zuwa matakin ƙasa. Hakanan, ya kamata a zagaye da'irar gangar jikin tare da peat ko bambaro.
Har ila yau, Campsis wakilin dangin Bignonius ne. An girma lokacin dasawa da kulawa a cikin ƙasa ba tare da wahala mai yawa ba, idan kun bi ka'idodin fasaha na aikin gona. Kuna iya samun duk shawarwarin da suka wajaba don namowa da kulawa da wannan itacen inabi a wannan labarin.
Catalpa Watering
Catalpa tana matukar son ruwa, saboda haka ya kamata a yi amfani da ruwa a tsari sau ɗaya a mako. A lokacin bushewa, yana ƙaruwa har sau biyu. Idan itaciyar bata da isasshen danshi, ganyayenta zasu rasa elasticity da sag. Don shayar da itaciyar itaciya, kuna buƙatar amfani da lita 20 a lokaci guda.
Idan bazara ta yi sanyi da ruwa ba, ya kamata a rage yawan ruwa zuwa sau biyu a wata. Wannan adadin watering ake bukata domin mulched catalpe. Bayan yin ruwa a ƙarƙashin itacen ko bayan an yi ruwan sama, ya kamata a kwance ƙasa a gindin, yayin cire ciyawar. Tare da fari fari, da yawan ruwa ya kamata a ƙara.
Kasar Catalpa
Soilasa don catalpa ya ƙunshi humus, ƙasa mai yashi, yashi da peat a cikin rabo na 3: 2: 2: 1. 7 kilogram na ash da 50 grams na phosphate dutse ya kamata a ƙara a cikin wannan substrate.
Forasa don dasa yakamata ta sami acidity ba fiye da 7.5.
Juyawa zuwa Catalpa
An dasa ƙwayar cutar ta Catalpa a cikin yanayi biyu: idan itacen ya girma ya yi girma kuma babu isasshen sarari a kan yanar gizon, ko kuma idan ya zama dole don dasa bishiyar shuka daga tukunya zuwa cikin ƙasa. Ana iya aiwatar da bishiyar itace gaba daya a cikin bazara kafin a fara kwararar ruwan, kuma a kaka, lokacin da itaciyar ta fado da ganyayyaki.
Zai fi kyau dasa bishiya tare da dunƙulewar ƙasa, tare da bishiyar girma ko ɗan ƙaramin tsirrai yayi girma kafin wannan. An haƙa ramin dasawa a daidai zurfin lokacin da ake dasa catalpa, abun da yakamata ƙasa shima ba ya canzawa. Bayan dasawa, ya zama dole don tara kasar gona da ruwa da shuka mai yalwa.
Ciyar da Catalpa
Takin itacen ya zama na tsari. A saboda wannan dalili, a cikin ƙasa inda catalpa ke tsiro, wani bayani na rotted taki diluted da ruwa a gwargwado na 1:10 ya kamata a kara. Itace mai girma yana buƙatar lita 6 na irin wannan takin, da kuma karamin seedling daga 2 zuwa 3 lita.
Ana yin suturar miya babba sau biyu a kakar. A cikin bazara, an kawo nitroammophoska a cikin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin itacen, kuma a cikin kaka - phosphorus da potassium takin, tunda a wannan lokacin shuka yana buƙatar nitrogen.
Catalpa fure
Kwayoyin Catalpa sun bayyana a ƙarshen Maris - tsakiyar watan Afrilu. Dukkanta ya dogara da abin da band na Rasha itaciyar ke girma a. Lokacin fure yana farawa ne a tsakiyar watan Yuni kuma zai kai wata guda.
Furannin Catalpa suna kama da kyawawan furanni masu kyau waɗanda ke da kamshi furanni apple. Abubuwan furanni masu fure suna da gefuna masu ban tsoro da fari ko inuwa mai tsami tare da ratsin rawaya da shuɗi mai haske a cikin makogwaro. Girman furanni ya kai kusan santimita 7. An tattara su cikin manya da tsayi inflorescences kama da "kyandirori" na kirji.
Catalpa trimming da gyaran fuska
Ana aiwatar da babban aikin catalpa a cikin bazara, har zuwa lokacin da kodan ke kumbura. Lokacin girki, kawai an ji rauni, bushe, daskararre fita ko lalacewar cututtuka ko rassan kwari an cire su.
Yawanci, ana kafa itace ta hanyar ƙirƙirar kara tare da tsayi daga santimita 120 zuwa 200, a sama wanda itaciyar zata yi reshe, mai rawanin kambi, ya ƙunshi rassa 5 na ƙasusuwa.
Bayan wani lokaci, idan ya cancanta, an cire gajerun sassan kasussuka, kuma ana cire ciyawar da za ta bushe. A sakamakon haka, wani karshin farin sanye da kyawawan launuka masu launin faranti masu launin fitila mai haske.
Catalpa shiri don hunturu
Catalpa baya jure sanyi. 'Ya'yan kananan bishiyoyi suna “tsoron” su musamman. A saboda wannan dalili, ya kamata a shirya itaciyar a gaba don hunturu. Don wannan dalili, ya wajaba don kunsa gangar jikin tare da burlap, kuma rufe ƙasa a kusa da itacen tare da lokacin farin ciki Layer na bushe foliage kuma rufe shi da lapnik. Saboda haka, yana yiwuwa a guji daskarewa tushen tsarin. Tare da farko na bazara, lokacin da sanyi gaba daya ya daina, itaciyar ta kubuta daga tsari.
Ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa yayin da yake girma kuma yana haɓaka, catalpa ya ƙara zama sanyi-mai jure yanayin sanyi kuma yana jure yanayin hunturu. Mafi yawan sanyi-iri-iri ne fitarwa catalpa, kuma mafi rauni, daskarewa kusan da tushe - Aurea catalpa. Koyaya, wannan nau'in ya sami damar gabaɗa gabaɗaya a lokacin rani.
Catalpa daga tsaba a gida
Lokacin girma catalpa daga tsaba, ya kamata a fara ɗaukar su. Shuka tsaba wajibi ne a ƙarshen Fabrairu, farkon Maris. Kafin yin shuka, ya kamata a sa tsaba a cikin ruwan dumi na awanni 12. Hakanan zaka iya shuka su a cikin fall, amma a wannan yanayin, baka buƙatar jiƙa tsaba.
A cikin ƙasa da aka shirya, an yi ƙaramin tsagi a cikin abin da aka shimfiɗa tsaba kuma a yayyafa shi da wani yanki na substrate. Akwati tare da seedlings, an rufe shi da fim na fim kuma a watsar da su a cikin lit, wurin dumi. A zazzabi don mai kyau iri germination ya kamata a kalla 25 °.
Amfanin gona dole ne a kiyaye shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye, ana shayar da shi kuma an shaka shi. Lingsalingsan da ke haɓaka sama da shekara guda za a iya dasa su a ƙasa yayin da barazanar sanyi take wucewa.
Catalpa yaduwa ta hanyar yanke
Lokacin girma catalpa tare da cuttings, ya kamata a girbe kayan shuka a Yuli. Yankan yakamata ya kasance yana da tsawon santimita 8, kuma dole ne su kasance daga 2 zuwa 4 kodan. Lokacin shirya kayan don dasa, ya kamata ka zaɓi catalpa na manya.
Don tushen ya bayyana a kan ganyen, suna buƙatar a dasa su a cikin ƙasa, wanda zai haɗa da peat da yashi, to sai a rufe akwatin tare da katako tare da fim kuma a watsar da su cikin wuri mai dumi da haske. Hoopoe na yan itace ya zama iri ɗaya kamar na seedlings. Lokacin da aka samo tushe, ƙananan matasa za su fito a kansu. Saukowa na ƙarar da ƙuruciya a cikin filin budewa za'a iya yi a tsakiyar watan Mayu.
Cutar da kwari
Catalpa yana da tsayayya da cututtuka da kwari. Amma yayin da itacen yake saurayi kuma mai rauni, yana iya kaiwa hari span tashi. Don lalata kwaro, ya zama dole don fesa matasa catalpa tare da maganin kashe kwari na Decis ko Fastak.
Har ila yau, matasa masu shuka suna barazanar cattailswaɗanda suka sauka a kan akwati kuma a cikin kamanninsu suna kama da ƙahoni. Suna ciji haushi kuma suna kwanciya ƙwai a ciki, kuma lokacin da ƙyamar ƙyallen ke haifar, sai su fara ciyar da catalpa, sakamakon tsutsa ya raunana. Ba tsoratar da bishiyoyi ta tsoratar da kai ba. Don lalata wannan kwaro zai taimaka fesawa tare da maganin kashe kwari.
Catalpa na iya yin rashin lafiya almara na kwance, wanda da farko ya shafi ƙananan rawanin kambi, sannan ya rufe gaba ɗayan murfin yanke hukunci. Tare da verticillosis, ganye suna fara juyawa zuwa launin rawaya, Fade da faɗuwa. Ana iya kawar da wannan cuta ta ethology ta hanyar shayarwa tare da kwayoyi irin su Maxim da Rovral. Za'a iya kula da Crohn tare da Fundazol. Don rigakafin, ana baza shuka da Previkur.
M catalpa za ta zama ƙawancewar kowane irin shinge na lambu, gabatar da asali da kayan ado a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin yanayin yanayin gaba ɗaya. Kuma tare da kulawar bishiyar ta dace, zai yi farin ciki na dogon lokaci tare da adon sa da furanni masu ƙarancin furanni tare da ƙanshin apple mai daɗi.
