Kalochortus (Calochortus) - kadan-sananne ne a cikin kasarmu bulbous herbaceous perenni mallakar cikin dangin Liliaceae. Furen Kalohortus yana iya girma duka a cikin ƙasa mai buɗe kuma ya girma a matsayin lambun fure. Furen yana da tushen asalin Amurka, saboda haka an yadu cikin mafi yawan sassan Amurka, har ma a Kanada, Mexico, da Guatemala.
Bayanin Calochortus shuka
Furen kalohortus ya kunshi karar bakin ciki mai zurfi daga 10 cm zuwa 2 m (ya danganta da nau'in halittu), wanda akan samu kunkuntar ganyayyaki masu tsayi, da kuma furanni iri-iri masu ɗimbin furanni ko ɗaukar hoto, ana tattara su daga furannin gida uku a cikin fuka-fukan asu.
Tsire-tsire suna iya zama ainihin kayan ado na lambun da lambun a lokacin bazara-bazara, kuma a cikin yanayi na cikin gida - alama ce ta ciki da kuma kusancin yanayi zuwa shekara. Kuna iya sha'awar fararen, ruwan hoda, ja, purple, lilac da furanni masu rawaya a damuna da bazara. Kalohortus ya yadu ta tsaba ko kwararan fitila.
Girma kalohortusa daga tsaba
Shuka tsaba
Ya kamata a adana tsirrai sama da shekaru 2-3 a cikin bushe da duhu a zazzabi na 15-25 digiri Celsius. Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan lokacin sayen kayan dasa.
Tun da girman girman tsaba shine 1-2 mm, zurfin seeding bai kamata ya wuce mm 5-15. A cikin bazara, ana shuka iri iri iri da kan ƙasa, bayan wannan an rufe su da rake. Don dasa shuki, ya fi dacewa don amfani da ƙananan tsagi tare da zurfin kusan 1.5 cm. Theerawar layi yana kusan 25 cm.
Dole ne a daidaita wasu nau'in (misali, na asalin California) kafin shuka.
Tsarin iri
Don watanni 2-4, dole ne a adana kayan iri a cikin jakar filastik tare da yashi rigar a kan ƙananan ɓoyayyen firiji ko a cikin cellar (ɗakin ƙasa) a gaban tsaba ya tsiro, bayan wannan za'a iya shuka su a cikin ƙasa bude (a farkon bazara).
A cikin rashi na matsanancin winters, ana iya shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin hunturu don canjin yanayin.
Farkon fure bayan shuka iri a kan gadaje na buɗe yana faruwa ne bayan shekaru 5-6.
'Ya'yan Kalohortus
Hanyar seedling na namo bada shawarar ga zafi-ƙaunar nau'in tsire-tsire masu kalori. A wannan halin, ba a bukatar iri iri.
Shuka da tsaba ne da za'ayi a cikin last hunturu kwanaki ko a farkon makon da ya gabata. Kuna buƙatar jigilar dasa tare da cakuda ƙasa mai gina jiki don tsire-tsire na fure. Kowane iri yana buƙatar ɗan dannan dan kadan a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin kusan milimita biyar, ya jika daga atomizer mai kyau kuma an rufe shi da gilashi ko polyethylene.
Yanayin da bai dace ba don girma shine kimanin digiri 20 na zafi a cikin ɗakin, hasken yaduwa mai haske don awa 10-12, iska da kullun hurawa, hargitsi na shuka.
Akwatin bazara tare da ƙananan kwararan fitila a cikin bazara ya kamata a kiyaye a waje a cikin inuwa m a zazzabi wanda bai wuce 28 digiri Celsius ba. Watering matsakaici ne, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire matasa sau ɗaya a kakar tare da takin ma'adinai masu hadaddun.
A cikin shekarar farko, ba dukkan tsaba ba zasu iya shuka ba. Don lokacin hunturu, ana tura kwantena zuwa yanayin daki. Ana iya dasa bishiyar ciyawa don buɗe gadaje kawai bayan shekaru 2.
Saukowa daga kalohortus a cikin bude ƙasa
Ana amfani da dasa shuki na kaka don nau'in fure a lokacin bazara. A cikin bazara, ya fi dacewa a shuka nau'in tsire-tsire wanda lokacin furanni ya faru a watanni bazara.
Wuri
Mafi kyawun wuri don girma kalohortusa yanki ne mai inuwa tare da inuwa, ba tare da zayyanawa da iska mai ƙarfi na iska ba, tare da ƙasa mai kyau (tare da ƙarancin alkaline ko halayen tsaka tsaki) sandy loam a cikin abun da ke ciki.
Kafin dasa shuki da kwararan fitila, ana bada shawara a nutsad da shi na rabin sa'a a cikin ƙarancin maganin manganese, sannan a matse kuma a bushe. Zurfin dasa - ba su wuce 15 cm ba ƙasa da cm 5. Nisa tsakanin tsirrai - 10 cm.
Watse
Matsakaicin matsakaita na kalohortus ana yin sa ne kawai a lokacin girma; bayan an gama furanni, ba a bukatar yin ruwa sosai. Wuce hadadden danshi na iya haifar da jujjuya kwararan fitila
Da takin mai magani da takin zamani
Daga bazara zuwa kaka, ana bada shawarar ciyar da tsire-tsire sau 3: a cikin Maris (tare da takin mai ma'adinai), a mataki na samuwar toho (phosphorus) da kuma bayan fure (potassium).
Shirye-shiryen hunturu
Jinsin da ke jure yanayin hunturu da nau'in kalohortus ba za a iya haƙa su don hunturu ba, za su iya tsira daga daskararru har zuwa digiri 34, sauran sun fi kyau don hunturu don matsawa zuwa yanayin cellar ko ginin ƙasa. Sauran tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa ana bada shawarar a rufe su da takin ko ciyawa na peat.
Adana kwan fitila
Dug kwararan fitila, bayan bushewa da rarrabewa, dole ne a adana shi a cikin kwali a cikin duhu da bushewa tare da zazzabi kusan 15 digiri Celsius.
Kalohortus kiwo
Kalohortus yaduwa ta kwararan fitila
Dokokin girma kalohortusa daga kwararan fitila 'yar shiri shine shiri da ya dace da kuma adana kayan dasa. 'Ya'yan kwararan fitila sun rabu da manyan kwararan fitila, waɗanda aka haƙa daga ƙasa bayan an yi fure, an sa su, an bushe su a zazzabi kusan digiri 20 da iska mai kyau, bayan haka ana adana su a cikin duhu mai sanyi har sai an dasa.
Cutar da kwari
Babban kwari da kalohortus sune bera, mice, hares da zomaye. Wataƙila cutar ita ce ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke faruwa lokacin da akwai yawan danshi. Wajibi ne a lura da tsarin shayarwa kuma, yayin tsawon ruwa sama, rufe filayen tare da polyethylene.
Iri da nau'ikan kalohortusa
Halittar kalohortus ya ƙunshi kusan nau'ikan 70 daban-daban, waɗanda bisa ga ka'ida sun kasu kashi uku zuwa uku bisa ga tsari da tsirrai, da kuma yadda suka dace da yanayin, ƙasa da yanayin yanayi.
Kungiya 1 - Kalochortus Mariposa (lilinna fari)
Rukunin farko sun haɗa da wakilai masu tsayi, waɗanda ke haɓaka da kyau a cikin yanki na tsakiya a cikin yankuna na busassun ciyawa da kuma wuraren hamada, a cikin kusannin itaciyar ƙaya. Wasu daga cikinsu nau'in shahararrun mutane ne.
Kalohortus kyakkyawa - ya kunshi karar itace daga 10 zuwa 60 cm a tsawo, santimita na santimita ashirin tare da farfajiyar launin shuɗi da inflorescences - laima na furanni 6 na farin, jan haske, ruwan hoda ko shunayya a cikin karrarawa. Ya fi son girma a cikin yankuna masu yashi da ke saman matakin teku ta hanyar 0.5-2.5 km.
Kalohortus mai rawaya - ya bambanta da sauran nau'in tare da launi mai rawaya mai duhu na fure tare da tabo mai launin ruwan hoda a tsakiya da matsakaicin tsawo na kusan cm 30. Bred a California.
Kalohortus yayi kyau kwarai da gaske - ana iya samun mafi yawan lokuta a tsaunin tuddai kusa da bakin tafki ko kuma a hamada na hamada. Matsakaicin girman tsiro shine 40-60 cm. Nunin furanni na fure uku ko furanni masu 'yanci ana fentin su da farin ko launin ruwan hoda.
Kalohortus Vesta - ya kunshi karar kere-kere, kayan kwalliyar ganye da kuma farin furanni guda tare da rawaya mai launin shuɗi a tsakiyar. Matsakaicin matsakaici shine kimanin cm 50. Ya fi son girma a cikin gandun daji, yana son ƙasa mai yumɓu.
Kungiyoyin 2 - Star na andaura da Ciyarwa a Cikin Kaho (Taron Tul andps da Cat's Cars)
Rukunin rukuni na biyu na launuka sun hada da ƙananan tsire-tsire masu tsayi tare da laushi mai laushi ko ƙwaya, mai iya zama a yankuna masu tsaunuka a kan ƙasa mai tauri.
Kalohortus Tolmi - jinsin halin high germination na tsaba da ba su bukatar stratification, da launuka da yawa don fure. Mai ikon nuna duk kyawawan halayenta har akan ƙasa mara kyau, busasshiyar ƙasa. Matsakaicin tsayi shine 10-60 cm.
Kalohortus ba a daidaita ba - blooms a karo na biyu rabin May tare da rawaya furanni tare da kadan pubescence tare da gefuna da petals. Ya kai tsawo na cm cm 10. Yana jin daɗin girma a wuraren yumɓu a cikin yanayin inuwar m.
Kalohortus karami - karamin tsiro tare da farin inflorescences, wanda girma ba ya wuce cm 10. Yana son ƙasa mai danshi, amma zai iya girma da kyau a kan tsaunin tsauni a tsauni mai tsayi.
Kalohortus nudus - wani nau'in shuka tare da furanni daban-daban na hasken wuta na lilac ko ruwan hoda mai haske, wanda aka fi so ya zauna akan kasa tare da babban zafi a cikin kusancin kogi ko fadama. Matsakaicin tsayi - ba fiye da 30 cm ba.
Kalokhortus monochromatic - wani nau'in da ya sami babban shahara a cikin aikin lambu don unpretentiousness a cikin girma, high hunturu hardiness da juriya ga cututtuka da kwari.
Kungiya 3 - Spherical, walƙiyar tsawa (Faіry Lantans ko Duniyar Tulіps)
Thirdungiya ta uku ana kiranta "Spherical, fitilun sihiri", kamar yadda furanni suka fasalta kamar ƙananan kwallaye.
Kalokhortus fari - Ya ƙunshi kunkuntar ganye na ganye kusan 20-50 cm tsawo da fari inflorescences na 3-12 mai siffar zobe tare da farfajiyar farfajiya. Tsawon tsirrai ya kai cm 50. A cikin yanayin muhalli ana samunsa a gefunan daji da kan gungumen tsaunuka a cikin yanayin inuwa.
Kalohortus yayi kyau - wani nau'in shuka mai fure mai launin shuɗi mai launin rawaya, wanda aka yi amfani dashi sosai a cikin tsiran gandun daji tare da ingantaccen haske da kuma kan tsaunin tsaunuka a tsaunin 0.2-1 km sama da matakin teku.
Kalohortus Amoenus - yana da tarko mai tsayi har zuwa 15 cm tsayi, furanni masu launin shuɗi-zagaye a cikin sifa. Yana girma da kyau a cikin wurare masu inuwa tare da danshi mai kyau na ƙasa.
