A wata hanyar, ana kiran broccoli kabeji bishiyar asparagus, kuma, a zahiri, nau'in kabeji ne wanda ya saba da mu duka, al'adar da ta kasance ta dangin Kabeji kuma wacce ke da rikice-rikicen ɓarna, kuma ba ruwan ganye ba, kamar sauran wakilan ƙasashen. Ba kowa ya san cewa farin kabeji shine mafi kusancin ta ta asali, mafi daidai - farin kabeji a zahiri ya fito ne daga broccoli, wato, ya girmi na ƙarshe.
An samo Broccoli ta hanyar zaɓi mai sauƙi a kusan karni na biyar ko na shida BC, lokacin da, ba shakka, babu wanda ya san game da irin wannan ra'ayi a zaɓi. Na dogon lokaci, a zahiri ƙarni da yawa, broccoli ya girma ne kawai a yankin Italiyanci na zamani. Fassara daga broccoli Italiyanci yana nufin tsiro, kuma duk wanda ya ga broccoli, nan da nan zai fahimci dalilin da yasa aka kira shi.
Broccoli, ko kabeji bishiyar asparagus. MsuAn samo cikakken bayanin farko na broccoli a cikin rubutattun rubuce-rubucen da suka gabata har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na 16, a lokaci guda wannan al'ada ta zo Ingila, inda aka gabatar da ita azaman bishiyar Italiyanci. Kusan a lokaci guda, kabeji broccoli kuma ya bugi yankin na Amurkan, inda ba ta haifar da irin wannan tashin hankali ba, kamar a Ingila, da farko; kuma kusan ƙarni huɗu bayan haka a Amurka suna tunanin broccoli, kuma wannan ƙasa ta zama mafi girman dillalai ga wasu ƙasashe.
A halin yanzu, ban da Amurka, ana amfani da broccoli sosai a Indiya, China, Faransa, Spain, Italiya, Turkiya, da Isra'ila. A Rasha, samar da broccoli yana mai da hankali sosai a hannun ƙananan gonaki masu zaman kansu.
Bayanin broccoli
A cikin bayyanar, broccoli mai ƙarfi yana kama da farin kabeji, duk da haka, inflorescences ba mai launin fata ba ne, amma kore. A cikin shekarar farko, wannan tsiron ya tsiro da girma daga 70-80 cm kuma an kafa shinge iri iri a saman sa. Wadannan sandunan furanni suna lashe tare da tarin gungu na kore buds, waɗanda aka shirya a cikin wani sako-sako da shugaban matsakaici matsakaici. Daidai wannan kan shi ne suke ci, suna yankan shi a gaban furannin. Idan ka jinkirta da broccoli kuma buds sun zama rawaya tare da girbi, to zai kusan zama wuya a ci irin kabeji.
Tun da, bayan yankan broccoli kai daga a kaikaice buds, sabon inflorescences fara da nunawa, kabeji na iya samar da amfanin gona ga watanni da yawa.
Masana sun lura da karuwar bukatar broccoli a zahiri a duniya; idan muka dauki matsakaitan adadi na kasashe daban-daban, sannan kuma dangane da amfani da dammar broccoli, kashi kadan cikin dari yafi na kabeji na gargajiya.
A cikin wannan labarin, zamu gaya muku yadda ake girma broccoli ta hanyar seedlings, yadda za a kula da shi yadda ya kamata, yadda ake girbi da kuma irin nau'in da ya kamata a kula dashi.
Broccoli, ko kabeji bishiyar asparagus. © Farhan AhsanGirma tsintsiya ta hanyar shuka
Yaushe za a fara shuka ƙwayar broccoli?
Yawancin lokaci, ana shuka ƙwayar broccoli don shuka a farkon farkon Maris kuma ci gaba har zuwa tsakiyar watan. Amma ga nau'ikan, lokacin zabar su, ya zama dole la'akari da yanayin yanayin yankin ku, alal misali, a cikin yankuna na arewacin, inda lokacin rani ya gajarta kuma yana da kyau, bai kamata ku yi la’akari da dasa shuki iri iri tare da lokacin girki, a nan kuna buƙatar mayar da hankali kan nau'ikan farkon da na matsakaici da wuri.
Don guje wa abubuwan mamaki a nan gaba, yi kokarin siyan tsaba kawai a cikin kwastomomin iri na musamman kuma tabbatar da ɗaukarsu.
Yadda zaka shirya tsaba?
Bayan sayan, raba tsaba, zaɓi mafi girma kuma saƙa su a cikin ruwa mai tsanani zuwa digiri 50 na kimanin kwata na awa daya. Bayan haka, ya kamata a nutsar da tsaba na broccoli a cikin ruwan sanyi tare da zazzabi na kimanin digiri 10, ta haka kuna "farka" su.
Ya rage don jika da ƙwayoyin broccoli a cikin maganin kowane haɓakar mai sa haɓaka kamar Heteroauxin, IMC da sauransu, don haɓaka haɓakar su. Zaku iya jiƙa tsaba a cikin mafita na haɓaka mai ƙarfi na tsawon awanni 7-8, sannan a matse ruwa mai gudana, a sa a ƙofar firiji na kwana ɗaya, sannan a bushe a kan tawul mai bushe har sai ya kwarara.
Shuka Broccoli Tsaba
Kuna iya shuka tsaba a kowane kwantena tare da tsayin daka na kusan cm 25. Ya kamata a shimfiɗa maɓallin magudanar ruwa a ƙasan jita-jita - yumɓu mai kauri, ƙwaƙwalwa, lokacin santimita mai kauri, sannan an rufe shi da ƙasa mai gina jiki (cakuda ƙasa mai turɓaya, yashi kogi, itace ash da humus a daidai sassan) . Mustasa dole ne ta kasance sako-sako, da ruwa- da mai jan numfashi. Bayan kwantena cike da ƙasa, ya zama dole a zuba shi daga bindiga da aka fesa, da zai fi dacewa da ruwan sama, sannan kuma a yi tsagi tare da zurfin kaɗan fiye da santimita tare da nisan kusan santimita uku a tsakaninsu. Lokacin da tsintsaye ɗin ke shirye, zaku iya shuka ƙwayar broccoli, sannan ku yayyafa su da ƙasa, dan ƙara haɗa shi.
Furtherari, yana da mahimmanci don saka idanu da zazzabi a cikin ɗakin inda tsiron broccoli yake girma. Zazzabi kafin fitowar ya kamata ya zama daidai da digiri na 19-20, nan da nan bayan bayyanar tsiro a farfajiyar ƙasa, ya kamata a saukar da zazzabi zuwa digiri 9 zuwa 9 a cikin kwanaki 7-8, sannan kuma daidaita zafin jiki dangane da lokacin. Don haka, yayin rana a cikin yanayin rana ya kamata a kiyaye shi a matakin digiri na 15-17, kuma a cikin girgije 12-13. A dare, ba tare da la'akari da yanayin waje da taga ba, yawan zafin jiki na ɗakin ya kamata ya zama daidai da digiri na Celsius 8-10.
Dole ne a kula da iska mai zafi a cikin ɗakin a matakin 80-85%, ya kamata a kuma kiyaye ƙasa, amma ba a cika ta ba, in ba haka ba ƙafar ƙafa na iya bayyana wanda zai lalata ƙwayar.
Kyakkyawan Broccoli Seedlings
Broccoli kabeji seedlings yawanci ana karba lokacin da seedlings kai shekara 14-15. Zai fi dacewa don amfani da tukwane na peat a matsayin kwantena don ɗaukar, kara dasawa daga gare su ba lallai ba ne, sun narke a cikin ƙasa kuma suna aiki a matsayin ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki na seedlings a farkon matakin. Broccoli seedlings ya kamata a fara rayuwarsa a hankali, da hankali kada ku lalata tushen sa. A baya can, kofuna waɗanda ya kamata a cika da cakuda guda ɗaya waɗanda kuka shirya don shuka, zuba shi daga kwalban fesa, yi ramuka. Bayan haka, tare da karamin sanda, alal misali, daga kankara, kuna buƙatar zaɓar seedlings a hankali, sanya su a cikin rijiyoyin da kofuna, haɗa ƙasa kuma sake sake zuba daga kwalban feshi.
Kafin broccoli seedlings girma da karfi, dole ne a kiyaye shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye, shading. A lokaci guda, kuna buƙatar ƙara yawan zafin jiki a cikin ɗakin, kawo shi zuwa digiri 20-22.
Bayan kwana biyu ko uku, lokacin da broccoli seedlings suka ɗauki tushe, zaku iya yin takin ta hanyar gabatar da maganin nitroammophoski. Don yin wannan, tablespoon na hadaddun taki dole ne a narkar da a guga na ruwa, 50 g na bayani ana iya zuba shi a cikin kowane kofin. Bayan ciyarwa, kuna sake buƙatar saukar da zazzabi kuma daidaita shi dangane da lokaci na rana. A lokacin rana, ya zama dole don kula da yawan zafin jiki a digiri 16-18, kuma a cikin dare zuwa ƙananan digiri 8-10.
Kimanin makonni biyu kafin a dasa shuki bishiyoyin bishiyoyi a cikin ƙasa, zaku iya fara taurara su ta hanyar ɗaukar su zuwa baranda ko loggia da farko na tsawon awanni 2-3, kwana biyu, sannan don awanni 8-10, wasu yan kwanaki, sannan kuyi ƙoƙarin saita seedlings da sanyin safiya kuma girbi da yamma. kuma a ƙarshe, barin tsire-tsire don daren 2-3 kwanaki kafin dasa shuki.
Seedlings na broccoli. Ather KatarineDasa bishiyoyin bishiyoyi a buɗe ƙasa
Yaushe dasa bishiyoyi a ƙasa?
Yawanci, shekarun broccoli seedlings kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa shine kwanaki 40-50, ba ƙari ba. A wannan gaba, 'ya'yan itacen ya kamata suna da ganye na gaskiya guda biyar ko shida, wannan alama ce cewa lokaci yayi da za a shuka ta.
Kalanda, wannan lokacin yawanci yakan kan tsakiyar ko na biyu rabin May, duk da haka, idan a wannan lokacin yana da sanyi da ƙasa ba isasshen warmed sama, to, lokacin dasa shuki broccoli kabeji seedlings za a iya canjawa.
Don dasa shuki broccoli seedlings, lallai ne za ku zaɓi yanki mafi buɗe da ingantattun litattafai; Yana da kyau idan ana samun kariya daga iska mai sanyi a gefen arewa. Yi ƙoƙarin zaɓar gado wanda amfanin gona kore, karas, albasa, kowane hatsi, kayan lebur da dankali suka girma kafin hakan - waɗannan sune magabata mafi kyau. Mummunan magabata don broccoli sune: beets tebur, radishes, tumatir, radishes da turnips; idan sun yi girma a shafin a baya, to za a iya dasa broccoli akan wannan wuri bayan yankuna hudu kawai.
Kasa don broccoli
Consideredasar da ta fi dacewa don broccoli ana ɗauka ta zama tsaka tsaki ce ko ƙasa ɗan ƙasa, tare da pH na 6.5 zuwa 7.5. Shirya ƙasa don dasa shuki seedlings dole ne a fara, amma zaka iya yin wannan a bazara, aƙalla mako guda kafin dasa shuki. Don digging kasar gona akan cikakken bayoneti na shebur, wanda dole ne a haɗe shi da matsakaicin cire ciyawar ciyawa, yana da mahimmanci don gabatar da takaddara mai takin gaske ko takin a cikin adadin kilo uku a kowace murabba'in mita. A cikin taron cewa kasar gona mai acidic, ƙara lemun tsami - 200 g da murabba'in mita.
'Ya'yan bishiyoyi Broccoli da aka shuka a ƙasa. AlamaYadda za a dasa bishiyoyi a cikin ƙasa bude?
A bu mai kyau shuka bishiyoyi a cikin ƙasa da sassafe kuma zai fi dacewa a cikin yanayin hadari. Mafi kyawun tsarin tsiro shine 35 zuwa 50-55 cm. Ana aiwatar da shuka a cikin ramuka waɗanda suke buƙatar haƙa guda ɗaya ko biyu kafin dasa shuki, kuma zuba kafin dasa (0.5 l). Baya ga ruwa, 6-7 g na nitroammophoski dole ne a ƙara shi cikin rijiyoyin, a hankali suna haɗa takin tare da ƙasa mai laushi; sannan ya zama dole sanya seedlings a cikin rami a cikin ɓarawon peat ko tare da busasshen tushen tsarin, yayyafa shi da ƙasa, haɗa shi kuma ya sake ruwa (250-300 g kowace shuka). Furtherari, yana da mahimmanci don saka idanu akan yanayin: idan ana tsammanin sanyi, to, ana buƙatar rufe seedlings ta amfani da kwalba na gilashin ko filastik filastik a cikin rabin. Ku sani cewa ko da digiri biyu na sanyi, broccoli sprouts na iya mutuwa.
Broccoli Kula da Kabeji
Kulawa don broccoli ya ƙunshi kwance ƙasa, yana hana samuwar ɓawon burodi; a cikin weeding, guje wa gasa daga ciyawa; shayarwa da ciyarwa. Makonni biyu bayan dasa shuki da seedlings, shi ma wajibi ne don aiwatar da sama, wanda dole ne a maimaita bayan sati daya. Hilling za a iya haɗe shi da kwance ƙasa.
Karka manta cewa broccoli din da aka dasa akan ciyawar na iya lalacewa ta haskaka rana a rana musamman lokacin zafi, don haka yakamata a rufe shi da kimanin kwanaki 3-4 na yamma. A kan zafi da bushe kwanaki, ya zama dole, ban da tsananin m watering, don fesa iska a kusa da tsire-tsire, kuma mafi sau da yawa yi haka, da mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa da ingancin.
Lokacin kwance ƙasa, gwada kada ku binne kayan aiki fiye da santimita takwas, in ba haka ba ana iya lalata Tushen. Ana yin amfani da hawan zahiri a washegari bayan an sha ruwa ko ruwa mai nauyi.
Watse Broccoli
Da yake magana game da shayarwa: ana yin shayar da broccoli kowane kwanaki 6-7, duk da haka, idan akwai fari kuma yawan zafin jiki ya kasance a kusa da digiri 24-26 da sama, to za a iya aiwatar da ruwa sau da yawa. A lokacin da ruwa, yi kokarin jika kasar gona, kuma kada ku juya shi cikin fadama. Kada ku manta game da fesawa, wani lokacin ma sun fi amfani fiye da ruwa, alal misali, a cikin yankuna masu yawa, ƙasa mai yumɓu.
Broccoli, ko kabeji bishiyar asparagus. Ison allison mcdBroccoli miya
A zahiri, idan shirye-shiryenku sun haɗa da samun cikakken amfanin gona, to lallai ne ya kamata kuyi la'akari da ciyarwa. Kuna iya ciyar da broccoli sau da yawa. Karo na farko (ba kirgawa kayan girke-girke ba da kuma rami lokacin dasa shuki) ana iya ciyar da broccoli kwanaki 12-14 bayan dasa shuki a cikin fili. A wannan lokacin, takin gargajiya sun fi mahimmanci ga tsirrai. Kuna iya ciyar da broccoli tare da bayani na mullein, ana buƙatar kimanin g g 250 na mullein a guga na ruwa. Don haɓaka darajar abinci, za a iya ƙara teaspoon na kowane takin nitrogen, kamar urea, a cikin maganin. Idan babu mullein, to za a iya amfani da daskararrewar kaji, amma dole ne a narke a cikin nauyin 1 zuwa 20. Yawan amfani da kowane ɗayan waɗannan mafita kusan lita ɗaya a kowace murabba'in mita.
Za a iya yin wannan rigar ado ta gaba bayan kwanaki 18-20 bayan na farko. A wannan lokacin, takin ruwa na nitrogen sun fi mahimmanci. Yi amfani da ingantaccen ammonium nitrate a cikin adadin akwatin akwati a kowace guga na ruwa. Yawan amfani iri daya ne - lita kowace mitir murabba'in ƙasa.
Ana iya aiwatar da miya na uku a kusa da ƙarshen lokacin bazara, a wannan lokacin takin potash da phosphorus sune mafi mahimmanci ga broccoli. Wajibi ne a tsarma a guga na ruwa 30-35 g na superphosphate da 9-11 g na potassium sulfate kuma ba da ruwa a cikin ƙasa, yana kashe lita 1.5 a kowace murabba'in mita.
Bayan an fara fitar da farkon girbi kuma an cire shugaban tsakiyar, ya zama dole don ciyar da tsintsiya don sake farfado da haɓakar harbe-harbe a kaikaice. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar narke tablespoon na nitroammophoska a cikin guga na ruwa kuma zuba lita na bayani a ƙarƙashin kowane daji.
Mako guda bayan wannan rigar saman, zaku iya ƙara gasa itace na itace 150-200 g na tsire-tsire, wannan kyakkyawan taki ne. Don haɓaka mafi girma, ya kamata a watsa ash a kan ƙasa da aka bushe da kuma shayar da ƙasa.
Yadda za a girbe broccoli?
Mun riga mun ɗan shafa abin girbi: kuna buƙatar sanin cewa ya kamata a cire broccoli kafin a bayyana furanni. Wannan batun yana da sauƙin kuskure, saboda haka kuna buƙatar kulawa da kabeji sosai. Akwai alamu da yawa waɗanda zaku iya fahimta cewa kabeji yana shirye don girbi, alal misali, girman kai: suna shirye don girbi, suna da diamita na kusan 12-14 cm. Gaba - canza launi: Shugaban broccoli, wanda yake shirin girbe shi, yawanci duhu ne, amma ya kamata a rufe ƙofofin. A farkon farawa daga cikin buds, dole ne a aiwatar da tarin nan da nan, in ba haka ba zai yi latti, kuma amfanin gona gaba ɗaya zai ɓace, wato, ba zai zama da daɗi ba tare da rage ƙimin abinci mai gina jiki.
Dole ne a tafiyar da kabeji na broccoli da safe, lokacin da yake cikin tudu. A lokaci guda, yana da kyau kar a tsinke kawunan, sai dai a datse su, ta amfani da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙyallen da ya fi dacewa.
Mafi sau da yawa, daga lokacin da seedlings suka bayyana a farfajiyar ƙasa kuma kafin girbin farko, kwanaki 60-65 suka wuce, yawanci ana girbe broccoli har zuwa tsakiyar Satumba. Duk amfanin gona yana buƙatar tattarawa kafin sanyi.
Broccoli, ko kabeji bishiyar asparagus. Green Matt GreenIri na kabeji mai tsami
A cikin duka, Jihar Register a halin yanzu yana da nau'ikan broccoli guda 37. Daga farkon maki broccoli ya cancanci kula da cultivars: Venus, Vyarus, Green sihiri da Corato, daga tsakiyar da wuri nau'ikan broccoli sun tabbatar da kansu: Macho, Souvenir na Moscow, Naxos da Fiesta, daga rukuni tsakiyar kakar ana iya bambanta nau'ikan broccoli: Batavia, Heraklion, Gnome da shugaban Curly, daga tsakiyar-marigayi Mafi kyawun su ne: Ironman, Lucky, Monterey da Orantes, kuma, a ƙarshe, daga ƙarshen fitowar: Agassi, Belstar, Beaumont da Quinta.
