Wakilan dangin Kostentsov ko Aspleniev, waɗanda suka haɗu kusan kusan ɗari bakwai nau'in nau'in ferns, ana rarraba su a duk faɗin duniya. Aspleniums sun hada da epiphytes, lithophytes, da nau'in ƙasa.
Kyakkyawan ganye na waɗannan tsire-tsire ya sa aspleniums ya zama abin sha'awa ga masu furannin gida na gida. Baya ga nau'ikan da aka samo a cikin yanayi, a tsakanin nau'ikan asplenium da suka shahara tsakanin lambu, akwai tsire-tsire na musamman akan windowsills waɗanda ke faranta wa idanun godiya kawai ga masu shayarwa.
Asplenium baki (A. adiantum-nigrum)
Wannan nau'in fern 'yan asalin yanki ne na yankin Eurasia da Afirka, har ma da wasu yankuna na nahiyar ta Amurka. Smallan ƙaramin karamar asplenium kawai ta kai tsawon santimita 30.
Rosette na wani tsararren nau'in halitta, wanda ba a bayyana shi ga yanayin girma, ya ƙunshi sau biyu, ganyen furanni na kusan siffar triangular. Ganyayen ganyayyaki suna nuna, rhomboid ko trapezoid, notched, asymmetrical. Petioles na ganye mai narkewa, launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan kasa-kore yayin da suke kusantar saman ganyen. An rufe matattarar baƙin kayan kwalliyar baƙar fatar ƙasa. Spores yayi girma a bayan ganye.
Asplenium arewa ko kuma an sami (A. septentrionale)
Kuna iya gane arewa ko asalni mai kwalliya ta bunches mai yawa wanda aka shuka ta ƙanana a cikin ƙananan wuraren ƙasa mai ma'ana tsakanin duwatsun. Fern a cikin yanayi yana zaune a gabar kudu maso yamma na Arewacin Amurka, a wasu yankuna na Asiya da Turai.
Halin halayyar wannan nau'in asplenium da aka nuna a hoton yana da bakin ciki, ciyayi-kamar ciyayi. Leaf faranti suna da wuya, fata. Tsawon fern yayi kadan - kawai 5-10 santimita.
A cikin tsari na daji, zaku iya haɗuwa da rukuni uku na shuka:
- Caucasicum;
- Rehmanii;
- Takamatsu.
A kowane nau'in asplenium na arewacin, ganye sun kasu kashi biyu, kuma a ƙarshen an rarraba su, kamar harshen maciji, wanda ya haifar da sunan kimiyya na shuka. Fern rhizome mai ƙarfi ne, gajeru, ya kai diamita of 1 mm kuma an rufe shi da sikeli.
Asplenium montanum ko dutse (A. montanum)
Ofaya daga cikin shahararrun nau'ikan asplenium tsakanin masu noman fure na duniya shine sananne don sauƙin ƙirƙirar hybrids tare da tsire-tsire masu alaƙa, an haɗa su a cikin dangin Aspleniev kuma suna da irin wannan wurin zama.
Fern an dauki shi mai matukar kyau kuma ana samun shi a yanayi kawai a gabashin Amurka. Yankinta ya kai har zuwa tsaunin Appalachian da ke Vermont; akwai daidaikun mutane a cikin rafin Ohio. An fara ganowa kuma aka bayyana shi a cikin 1810. Mafi kyawun wuri don haɓakar wannan nau'in shine aikace-aikacen ƙasa mai acidic a cikin fasa kan dutsen sandstone.
Aspenium montanum wanda aka nuna a cikin hoto karamin ƙaramin furen allo ne wanda ke buɗe ganyayyaki masu launin shuɗi-kore. Fern rhizomes na sama ne, a karkashin ƙasa ana samasu kusan ƙasa.
Petioles da ke ƙasa da ruwan ganye sune launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, sun zama kusan baki ko shunayya a gindi. Ta hanyar ruwan ganye, launin ya canza zuwa kore, a bayan bango za'a iya ganin ƙaramin tari. Ganyen suna da yawan gaske, na fata kuma na da laushi. Suna da siffar triangular, akai-akai.
Fil ɗin ya ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i 4 zuwa 10 na yanke-gefen gefe. Mafi girma sassan suna kan gindin ganye, yayin da suke matsawa zuwa saman, ƙididinsu ya zama ƙanƙanta. Hanyoyin gabbai a kan takardar kusan ba za a iya gane su ba.
Asrni-ruta-muraria (A. ruta-muraria)
Irin wannan nau'in fern, wanda wani lokacin yake girma kamar fure, yana da sunaye da yawa. Asplenium ruta-muraria, rauni rauni ko bango Ruten, bango bango ko Wall-ryu. Asplenium yana haɓaka duka a cikin Amurka kuma yadu ko'ina cikin Turai. Zuriyarsu tana nufin tsirrai masu rayuwa ne kan kan dutse na dutse ko na mutum da aka yi da farin dutse.
Tsawon asplenium ya bambanta da cm 5 zuwa 15. Shuka tana da ɗan gajeren rhizome da aka rufe da ɓoye mai duhu da ganyen ganye. Green ko launin toka fern petioles, m, triangular ganye. Yanki na farko da na biyu oda suna da nasu karancin petioles kuma suna da bambanci sosai da tsari.
A lokacin rani, spores mai siffar maras nauyi ya huɗa a kan ganyen. Haka kuma, a cikin sporangia, an sanya rigima 64.
Asalin garin asplenium (A. nidus)
Asplenium, mafi mashahuri tsakanin masu noman furanni, iri-iri wanda ko da connoisseurs suna mamaki tare da ire-ire, wata ƙwaya ce da ke da babban faretin duka ko na kayan kwalliyar ɗan kwali kaɗan. Wani fasali na musamman game da nau'in shine nau'in siffar-sifa na waje, lokacin da petioles, fara daga tsakiya, tafi saman ƙasa, sannan kuma ya tashi.
Asplenium nidus ya da elongated, sau da yawa baya ganye lanceolate ganye. Petioles gajere ne, da wuya a lura. A bango daga faranti na fitila mai walƙiya, tsokoki masu launin duhu suna fitowa sarari.
Nasihu game da kiwo shi ne kasancewar wasu nau'ikan asplenium nidus guda biyu tare da farantin ganye guda da ganyen magarya akai akai.
Asplenium Crissie
Yawancin asplenium da aka nuna a cikin hoto sun bambanta da yawancin nau'in fern saboda cewa ganye a ƙarshen reshe akai-akai, ya zama, a zahiri, dabino. Asplenium yana da daskararru mai yawa daga Rogelte a cikin kwano. Ganyen suna bakin ciki, fata, mai haske a launi. Tsawon tsirrai daga 25 zuwa 40 cm.
Kamarul Amy (Amy)
Lokacin da yayi kama da nau'ikan da suka gabata, ƙirar Ample ta ɗan bambanta ta hanyar ƙwaya, gefunan gefuna kusan waɗanda suke kusan ɗaya. Mafi mahimmanci bakin ciki da "yatsunsu" a gefen ganyen.
Asplenium Nidus Hybrid Philippines
Amma dangin Filipino wanda ya bayyana a lokacin girbin masu girbi na fure ya zama tuni yana da wahalar rikitar da wata tsirar da wannan nau'in. Anan, samar da ganye yana farawa ne daga petiole, saboda haka, zuwa ga biri, ganyen yakan zama za'a watsa shi akai-akai, yaduwa kuma yayi ado sosai. Kamar yadda za'a iya gani a cikin hoto na wannan iri-iri na asplenium, launi na ganye a gindi yana da yawan gaske kore, tsananin zuwa gefuna yana raguwa kaɗan.
Asplenium Fimbriatum (A. nidus Fimbriatum)
Idan nau'ikan asplenium da suka gabata sakamakon aikin mai saurin shayarwa ne, to asplenium fimbriatum, wacce ma'abuta fure suke ƙaunarsu kuma suka santa a duk duniya, asali ne na asali.
Asplenium nidus Fimbriatum ya bambanta da gefen ganyen, an yanke shi daga tushe zuwa saman, kuma a cikin daji, ana iya samun fern a cikin yankin Afirka mai zafi, Australia da Polynesia.
Asplenium Osaka
Aspenium Osaka kyakkyawa ne mai ban sha'awa tare da kambi mai sarauta tare da tsawo na 40 zuwa 60 cm kuma faɗi ɗaya daidai. A gefuna da haske kore lanceolate ganye ne wavy. Kusa da ƙasa, jijiyoyin suna duhu cikin launi, yayin da suke motsawa zuwa gefen da aka nuna, launi zai canza zuwa launin kore ko launin shuɗi.
A gida, Osaka Asplenium yana buƙatar shayarwa na yau da kullum kuma yana girma da kyau a cikin inuwa m da a kan windows, inda rana take bayyana da rana. Mafi kyawun zazzabi don kiyaye irin wannan nau'in fern a cikin bazara shine 18-25 ° C, don sauran lokacin iska ya kamata ya zama mai sanyaya ta 3-5-25 C.
Asplenium Victoria
Idan aka kwatanta da na Osaka asplenium, Victoria iri-iri sun fi daidaituwa, kuma, ban da wannan, ganyayyakin da aka dasa sunadarai ba wai kawai gefen iska ba ne, amma har yakai bakinsa.
Asplenium Crispy Waves
Crispy Wave, ko Crispy Wave Asplenium, na iya zama mai daraja na kowane tarin gida. Daga cikin maganan floriculturists, aspleniums tare da irin wannan ciyawar ana kiranta "lasagna kore", kuma furen lambu Haruo Sugimoto ya fara ganowa a cikin 1961.
Itaccan mai fure, mai sha'awar ganyen wavy na launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, yayi ƙoƙarin farashi da inganta shuka. Zai yiwu a gyara kaddarorin tare da yin rijistar nau'ikan da aka nuna a cikin hoto kawai farkon farkon wannan karni. Kuma har yanzu, 'yancin wannan nau'in na musamman ya dogara ga dangin Sugimoto daga Japan.
Asplenium Nidus Babban Cobra
Wani nau'in asplenium mai ban mamaki wanda ba a san shi sosai ga masu girki na fure ba, amma, babu shakka, ya cancanci kulawa ta kusa. Daga nau'in halitta na asplenium nidus, a nan ganyayyaki sun fi yawa kamar manyan ruffles kore, sannu a hankali suna tashi sama da ƙasa kuma suna da kyau mai kyau a ƙarshen.
Asplenium Azurfa Azari
Asplenium nidus Azul Guda yana da ƙananan, har ma da Rosette na ganye tare da launi na azurfa. Ganyayyaki suna ko da wavy, m, lanceolate baya. Shortan gajeriyar petiole da vein convex a cikin faranti mai walƙiya mai sauƙi ne.
Asplenium nidus variegatum
Daga cikin nau'ikan mashahurin mashahurin masu fure, har yanzu babu wani nau'in nau'in wannan nau'in fure. Amma bayyanar tsiron, babu shakka, zai sa mutane da yawa masu son amfanin gona na cikin gida su kama sha'awar karbarsu a tarin su.
Dukkanin ganye na lanceolate basu da gefuna ko reshe, amma suna mamakin yadda kusan farin bango yake da launuka masu haske.
