A karkashin alfarwa daga cikin lambun

Bayan dasa shuki da ganin wani fili a tsakanin bishiyun bishiyoyi, nan da nan mai ƙasa zai fara mamaye shi da wasu tsire-tsire da yake buƙata. Kuma yana yin abin da ya dace, a hanyar kasuwanci. Koyaya, koyaushe bai san wane nau'in amfanin gona za a iya shuka shi a ƙarƙashin kwandon bishiyoyi ba, kuma waɗanda ba su bane, yadda kusancin itacen ya kamata a sanya irin wannan tsiron, kuma a wane zamani ne kiyayewar waɗannan “baƙi” a cikin gonar ba zai lalata lalata amfanin gona ba. Bari mu bincika zaɓuɓɓuka don shirya da'irar kusa-ganga da jera jeri.

Yadda za'a kiyaye da'irori

A farkon shekaru 2-3 na girma na kananan bishiyoyi, an shirya kewayen da'ira tare da diamita na 1.5-2 m A shekara ta 6-7th, an fadada su zuwa diamita na 3. A shekaru na 10-12, tushen tsarin bishiyoyi gaba daya ya mamaye yankin da aka keɓe shi. Lokacin sanya itatuwa a jere a wani ɗan gajeren nesa daga juna, a maimakon itacen ɓawon itacen, ana barin raguna na gangar jikin, wanda ake lura dashi daidai da da'irar akwati. Za'a iya kiyaye ƙasa na toho da ratsi a ƙarƙashin tururi na baki, a rufe shi da wani nau'in kayan mulching, ko kuma a dasa shi da tsire-tsire na ƙasa, kuma ana iya amfani dashi azaman tsarin ƙirar ado.

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Saƙar fata

A duk lokacin girma, yankin da ba'a cika rusa shi daga kewayen akwati ake kwance akai-akai, yana lalata ciyayi da kuma riƙe danshi. Idan isasshen hazo ya faɗi a damuna da bazara, ƙasa tana kwance sau 3-4 a lokacin bazara, idan ba a ɗan ruwan sama ba - sau 5-6. Ana yin ƙasa mai nauyi fiye da ƙasa mai haske. Bayan ruwan sama da ruwa a lokutan bushe, ƙasa kuma tana kwance. A cikin kaka sun tono shi: kusa da kara zuwa zurfin 5-8 cm, daga gaba - 12-15 cm. Nuna ƙarƙashin albarkatun itacen 'ya'yan itace da bishiyoyi akan kananun clonal ana aiwatar da ƙananan cm cm 3. Idan kasar gona ta bushe a farkon kaka, za a jinkirta tono zuwa wani lokaci na gaba ko a lokacin bazara. A kan yashi mai yashi da yashi, ana iya maye gurbinsa da soya mai zurfi. Loam yana haɓaka sau ɗaya kowace shekara 2-3, kuma ƙasa tana da nauyi a cikin kayan injin duk shekara.

Mulching bishiyoyin bishiyoyi da rariyoyi yana daya daga cikin hanyoyin ingantattun hanyoyin kiyaye ƙasa a gonar. Ciyawa yana rage fitar danshi, yana kare Tushen tsiro daga daskarewa a cikin hunturu, yana taimakawa haɓaka tsarin ƙasa, yana hana samuwar ƙasa, yana raunana yanayin zazzabi na yau da kullun, yana hana ƙwanƙwasa ciyawa, yana inganta haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙasa, kuma yana inganta abinci mai gina jiki. Ciyawa duk wata ƙasa, sai dai da danshi sosai. Mulching ya fi tasiri akan ƙasan haske - yashi mai yashi da yashi, har ma da wuraren rashin isasshen danshi. Bayan dasa shuki na 'ya'yan itacen, ana amfani da da'irar gangar jikin a cikin radiyo na 0.7-1 tare da wani yanki na 4-5 cm .. Kamar yadda kayan mulching, peat crumbs, bambaro, ciyayi, takin gargajiya, ragowar shuka, allura, reeds, ganye mai faɗi, ana amfani da takarda na musamman. polymer da sauran kayan. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wani sabon ciyawa ya bayyana - wani yanki na pine. Abin ado ne sosai kuma yana iya yin aiki fiye da shekara guda. Hakanan ana amfani da fim ɗin polyvinyl mai ruwan baƙi don mulching. An rufe shi da da'irar gangar jikin a cikin radius na 1-1.5 m. An sanya gefuna na fim a cikin tsagi tare da zurfin 10-12 cm kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa. A lokaci guda, babu buƙatar weeding, an kiyaye danshi sosai a ƙarƙashin fim. Abubuwan da ba a saka baƙaƙe na roba na roba (Lutrasil 60 UV, Agril, Spanbond, da dai sauransu) suma suna kan siyarwa.asu yayin mulching, suna yin aiyuka iri ɗaya kamar fim, amma suna da fa'ida: suna wuce ruwa da iska sosai.

Barrel da'irar - kayan ado na lambu

Da'irar gangar jikin na iya zama abin ado idan ka juye da shi zuwa karamin lambun fure. Matsayi mai mahimmanci - itacen ya kamata ya sami isasshen tsayi (65-70 cm) matsi da rassan da aka ɗaga sama da ƙasa. Daga cikin furanni, low, inuwa-m da tare da m tushen tsarin an fi son. Hakanan zaka iya dasa tsire-tsire na farkon furannin bulbous (dusar ƙanƙara, muscari, hyacinths, tulips, da sauransu), ko zaka iya kafa karamin lambun dutse.

Yadda za'a kiyaye hanyoyin

Inter-jere amfanin gona. A cikin kananan lambuna, bishiyoyi ba sa cikakken amfani da yankin abinci da aka keɓe musu, don haka magunan suna mamaye duk shekara. A cikin aikin lambu mai son, amfanin gona na tsaka-tsaki an fi yarda da su - kayan lambu: karas, radishes, beets tebur, radishes, rutabaga, albasa, tafarnuwa, letas, alayyafo, Peas, wake, zucchini, dankali, da furanni. Tsarin tsirrai masu tsayi (sunflower, masara, taba, da sauransu) basu dace da girma ba, tunda zasu iya rikitar da kananan bishiyoyi, gami da beets na sukari da amfanin gona.

A cikin dogayen girma apple da itacen oak na gona, ana iya shuka amfanin gona tsakanin har zuwa shekaru 6-8, a cikin gonar orchards akan matsakaici-tsayi da kuma rabin-dwarf rootstocks, inda kunkuntar jere-sharewa, lokacin girman amfanin gona tsakanin layi ya ragu zuwa shekaru 3-4, kuma a cikin orchard orchard, an bar kewayawa kyauta. A kowane hali, mutum bai kamata ya dasa shuki a kan layi ba a kan rago da ratsi. Kuskuren da aka saba: wasu masoya suna da jaraba sosai har suke shuka strawberries ko kayan marmari har zuwa gindin itacen. Idan lambun bai wuce shekaru uku da haihuwa ba, ana sanya amfanin gona tsakanin layi a nesa na 0.5-1 m daga tushe, idan gonar tana da shekaru 4-8 - a nesa daga 1.5-2 m.

Wani hanya - farin tururi

A cikin lambun mai ba da 'ya'yan itace, inda aka rufe rawanin, ƙasa an kunshe ne a ƙarƙashin tururi na baƙar fata, kula da sutturar ta sama a cikin ƙasa mara sako da sako. Amma tare da wadatar ƙasa na dogon lokaci a ƙarƙashin tururi na baƙi, tsarinta ya lalace, haihuwa ta ragu, guguwar ƙasa kuma ta ƙaruwa.

Bishiyar baƙi - gefe

A cikin gidajen lambunan tsakiyar yankin, ana amfani da tsarin tururi mai-ƙarfi, wanda, don wadatar da ƙasa da abubuwan gina jiki da inganta kayan aikin kimiyyar halittunsa, an shuka amfanin gona na ƙasa a kan takin kore, yana haɗasu da abubuwan ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tururi. Siderata an shuka shi a ƙarshen Yuni - farkon Yuli a farashi na (g / m2): lupine 18-22, buckwheat 8-10, Peas 15-18, fatakwal 1.5, mustard 2, vetch oat cakuda 16 (vetch 10, oats 6), cakuda gyada 18 (peas 12, oats 6), lupine tare da phacelia 11 (lupine 10, phacelia 1), rapeseed 0.6-1. Sideers amfanin gona suna mowed da kuma dasa a cikin fall a cikin flowering lokaci. Kimanin kilogiram 3 na shuka da aka dasa a 1 m2 na amfanin gona yayi daidai da yin 1 - 1.5 kilogiram na taki.

Shuka albarkatun gona kore shine mafi inganci a lokacin bazara, a bushe ya fi kyau kar a fitar da shi. Ana samun babban tasiri lokacin da ake amfani da Legumes na takin (lupins, phacelia, vetch, Peas) a gefe, tunda suna wadatar da ƙasa da sinadarin nitrogen. A kan yashi da yashi-yashin ƙasa, shuka lupine yana ba da sakamako mai kyau, kuma akan ƙasa mai nauyi - mustard ko phacelia. Tushen tsire-tsire da aka saka a cikin ƙasa a cikin bazara mai tsanani bazu, yana ƙara yawan abubuwan gina jiki a ciki daidai lokacin a lokacin da 'ya'yan itace suka fi bukatarsu.

Sigar al'ada

A cikin wurare masu laima mai wuce gona da iri, a cikin gidajen lambuna masu ban ruwa, har ma da kantuna da wuraren shakatawa, yana da kyau a kiyaye ƙasa a ƙarƙashin al'adun sod. A saboda wannan, ana jera wuraren sarari tare da ciyawa masu tsattsauran lokaci, waɗanda ake sawa lokaci-lokaci, kuma ciyawar da aka yanke itace ya rage a wuri ko raked a kan bututun da ke kusa-kusa (da bambanci da shimfidar kayan ado, inda ake ɗaukar ciyawar a waje). A lokacin bazara, ana yin mowing sau 5-8. Tashin hankali wanda aka dasa a hankali ya lalata kuma yana wadatar da ƙasa tare da kwayoyin halitta, wanda ke sa ya yiwu a yi ba tare da gabatar da takin gargajiya ba, yana inganta tsarin da ruwa na ƙasa. Mafi kyawun kayan ganyayyaki don shayarwa na tsawon lokaci shine cakuda ciyawa na kayan miya (60%) da makiyaya bluegrass (40%). Yawan seeding shine 4-4.5 t / m2.

Yankawa. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da yawa lambu mai son amfani da murfin ƙasa-girma shuke-shuke da ba su bukatar mowing domin aikin lambu. Mafi yawan yaduwar su shine Polevosnaya da vinca. Polevosnaya shoot - Ana samun ciyawar tsiro a kowane wuri a cikin yankin Turai na ƙasar. Harbe ya bazu a ƙasa kuma ya yi tushe, tsayin dutsen ciyawa shine 10-12 cm. Takaitaccen Tushen suna cikin ƙananan ƙasa cm cm cm. A polevole propagates da tsaba, rhizomes, kore cuttings, terrestrial harbe. Periwinkle shine tsiro na zamani, wanda ke yaduwa a cikin yanayin tsakiyar band. Wannan itace bishiyar gurbatacciyar iska. Bangaren iska da tsarin tushen ƙanana ne. Periwinkle yana da kyau sosai a cikin sassan harbe da kuma a ƙarshen shekara ta biyu na haɓaka mai girma yana magana mai laushi mai laushi na ganyayyaki da ganyayyaki, yana hana ciyayi, yana kare tushen bishiyoyi daga daskarewa kuma yana hana yaduwar ƙasa a cikin lambuna a kan gangara.

Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su:

• L. Yurina, Dan takarar ilimin kimiyyar aikin gona, Moscow