Orchids yana daya daga cikin kyawawan furanni masu ban mamaki da ban mamaki. Yanzu bude nau'ikan nau'ikan tsire-tsire sama da dubu 30. Su ne na kowa daga tropics zuwa Arctic Circle. Akwai 'yan kalilan na orchids wadanda suke girma a karkashin yanayin yanayi a cikin latitude ɗinmu, amma sun wanzu. Misali, ciyawar "orusid slipper". Kuma akwai da yawa daga nau'ikan halitta iri-iri da siffofin.
Kuma idan a baya girma orchids a gida shine kwalliyar kwararrun masu goyon baya, yanzu ana iya samun orchids a cikin manyan gidaje da gidaje. Wannan ya faru godiya ga kayan aikin in mun gwada da unpretentious hybrids da yawaitar samar da kayan shuka a wasu gonakin furanni.
Amma shagunan, don haɓaka tallace-tallace, bijirar da orchids a mafi yawan launuka, amma mafi mahimmancin lokacin. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa fure don shuka lokaci ne mai wahala kuma suna daurewar canjin yanayi mai muni har ma da muni. Bayan duk, don sayarwa suna girma a cikin gidajen yara, a kusan kyakkyawan yanayin a gare su. Kuma yanayin waje inda tsire-tsire suke kafin sayarwa, kuma a cikin yawancin gidaje, basu da kyan gani. Bugu da kari, masu siyarwa galibi basu da isassun cancantar isa ga wanda ya dace na mai zuwa na wannan kyakkyawan fure.
Saboda haka, sabon shiga grower da yawa tambayoyi tashi: yadda za a kula da shuka, yadda ake tsawan furanni, orchid ya lalace - abin da za a yi da kibiya da sauransu. Za mu yi kokarin amsa su a wannan labarin.
Waɗannan shawarwarin suna da alaƙa da yawancin abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin gidajenmu. Amma kuma ana iya amfani dashi ga yawancin nau'in halitta. Amma yana da daraja la'akari da cewa wasu nau'ikan orchids suna gabatar da takamaiman buƙatun kulawa. Wannan, don mafi yawan bangare, ya dogara da asali, akan yanayin mazauninsu na asali.
Orchid Bloom
Lokacin fure na orchids shine watakila mafi kyawun sakamakon girma daga waɗannan tsire-tsire, ban da nau'in jinsin da aka girma saboda ganye na ado.
Lokacin ruwa ya dogara da dalilai da yawa: akan nau'in, iri-iri, yanayin wata ƙira, yanayin girma, da dai sauransu Wasu furanni orchid sun yi fure na kwanaki 3-4, wanda yake al'ada ne a gare su, yayin da wasu ke ci gaba da lokacin fure fiye da watanni 3.
Duk da gaskiyar cewa ɗaukakar shuka mai wahala da sarƙaƙiya ta shiga cikin fure, yawancin masoya sun sami nasarar girma orchids a gida. Amma wani lokacin suna fuskantar irin wannan yanayin da fure ba ta ci gaba da yin fure ba, duk da ƙoƙarin da aka yi. Don cin nasara, dole ne a bi ka'idodin kulawa ta yau da kullun.
Hakanan dole ne a yi la’akari da wancan orchid ɗin tsararren tsirrai, sabili da haka, ya kamata fure ya fara a wani zamani. Lokacin sayen sayan orchid, ana buƙatar bayyana shekarun seedling da lokacin farkon lokacin fure tare da wannan nau'in. Idan shuka ya yi ƙarami, kuma ya riga ya samo asali, zai fi kyau ka ƙi sayen wannan misalin. Domin idan fure ya fara da wuri, tsire-tsire na iya ƙoshin mutuwa kuma ya mutu kafin a kammala wannan yanayin rayuwa mai wahala.
Ka'idojin Kula da Gudun Hijira
Phalaenopsis, kamar sauran orchids, yana buƙatar wasu yanayi don faranta mana da furanni na yau da kullun masu girma. Abubuwan kulawa da su sun fi furanni na cikin gida al'ada. Amma ƙirƙirar ingantaccen yanayi don orchid girma shine kuma ba wuya.
Yi la'akari da manyan abubuwan kulawa.
Haske
Haske lokacin da orchids ke girma yana taka rawa sosai. Wadannan furanni na bukatar yadudduka amma cikakken haske. Tunda yawancinsu sun saba da rayuwa a cikin gandun daji, a wasu shading. Hasken rana kai tsaye na iya ƙone su, kuma rashin haske yana haifar da raguwa a cikin girma kuma, sakamakon hakan, dakatar da fure.
Yana da wahala musamman ga tsire-tsire a cikin hunturu, lokacin da aka rage hasken rana, akwai ɗan ƙaramin haske na halitta.
Warware wannan matsalar tare da:
- Falop danshi mai tsafta.
- Sodium gyare-gyare.
- LED fitilu, abin da ake kira fzarini.
Mafi na kowa kyandir mai kyalli da sinadarin sodium. Suna ƙirƙirar bakan da ke kusa da na halitta. Amma mafi kyawun zaɓi zai kasance, kodayake har yanzu yana da tsada, abin da ake kira mayazakarwa. Kayan tsari ne na LED wanda ya haifar da kwararar hasken da ake bukata don tsirrai na kayan gargajiya. A lokaci guda, suna haifar da ƙarancin zafi (suna rage haɗarin tsire-tsire "ƙona"), masu dorewa da tattalin arziƙi. Abubuwan fitilu na al'ada ba su dace da hasken ba, tunda sun juya kashi 90 - 95 na makamashi zuwa fitilar infrared, wato, suna aiki ne kawai a matsayin "mai hita" kuma ba a matsayin tushen haske ba.
Sama kusa da shuka
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, mahaifar mahaifar yawancin orchids da phalaenopsis musamman, gandun daji. Dalili kenan da aka kara bukatun bukatun iska. Phalaenopsis yana buƙatar zafi kusan kashi 80%. Amma a cikin gidaje, musamman tare da dumama na tsakiya, gumi yana da ƙasa sosai. Saboda haka, ana buƙatar ƙarin hydration.
Don haɓaka yanayin iska a cikin kusancin shuka, zaka iya iyakance sarari daga sauran ɗakin tare da fim na yau da kullun, jiyya na lokaci-lokaci tare da ruwa mai fesa. Idan wannan bai isa lokaci ba, zaku iya shigar da manyan kwantena na bude tare da ruwa, a kusancin furannin. Amma, hulɗa kai tsaye na tushen da ruwa ya kamata a guji - wannan na iya haifar da lalata.
Watse
Duk da cewa orchids suna da inganci, yalwa wuce haddi ya kamata a guji. Wadannan babu makawa kai ga cututtuka da kuma gaba daya rauni na shuka. A lokacin dormancy, furanni ke da wuya ba a shayar da su ba, gabaɗaya, don kawai hana ƙasa bushewa.
Hakanan, kar a manta don saka idanu yanayin yanayin ramuka. Bayan an sha ruwa, ruwa ya kamata ya gudana daga tukunyar. Haramun ne haramun don ba da damar tururuwar sa.
Za'a iya aiwatar da ruwa ko dai kai tsaye zuwa tushen tsire-tsire, ko nutsar da tukunya duka a ruwana mintina 10-15. Saboda haka danshi a ko'ina cikin ƙasa yake.
Takin
Ga mai fararen fure mai fure, zai fi kyau a yi amfani da takin zamani da aka kera don orchids, wanda aka gabatar da tsari iri-iri a cikin shagunan na musamman. Amma, wajibi ne don bin umarnin da aka nuna akan magungunan.
Shirye-shirye don orchids za'a iya kasu zuwa wasu kungiyoyi:
- Gamsar da bukatun shuka ga kowane kashi ɗaya - nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.
- Cikakken takin zamani. Suna ƙunshe da duk abubuwan da ake buƙata na abubuwan gina jiki don abinci mai gina jiki.
- Daban-daban girma girma. Imarfafa haɓaka, tushen tushe, ana amfani dashi a cikin haɗin tare da takin mai magani.
Ingirƙirar damuwa ta wucin gadi
Yanayin yanayi na haɓakar orchids suna da yawa, sabili da haka, waɗannan tsire-tsire sun haɗu da wasu hanyoyin aiwatar da yanayin yanayin illa.
Hanyar "damuwa ta wucin gadi" an dogara da wannan. Don yin wannan, in ya yiwu, rage zafin jiki ta digiri 4-5, rage ruwa, gujewa bushewa daga ƙasa a cikin tukunya, ware kayan miya. Ana aiwatar da wannan hanyar a tsakanin watanni 1.5-2. Lokacin da yanayi ya koma al'ada, wannan yana nuna alamar shukawa cewa lokacin da ba shi da kyau ya wuce kuma yana inganta fure.
Orchid bloomed, menene ya yi da kibiya?
Anan ne mafi kyawun lokacin rayuwar orchids da aka kammala. Tambaya ta farko da ta tashi ga masu farawa - phalaenopsis ta tsinke abin da za ayi a gaba? Wane irin kulawa ake buƙata bayan fure orchid?
Da farko kana buƙatar tabbatar da cewa shuka ya lalace sosai. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar bincika a hankali a kan ƙarshen kwalliyar da kuma rassan sassanta. Idan sun kasance kore kuma basu lalace ba, to akwai yuwuwar furen bai gama gamawa ba, kuma budsarin buds na iya yin tsari. Wannan na iya faruwa duka a lokacin babban lokacin furanni, kuma makonni da yawa bayan faɗuwar yawancin furanni.
Idan tip ya bushe, canza launi, juya launin rawaya, mai yuwuwar, ba ku buƙatar tsammanin sabon buds. Me yakamata ayi a wannan yanayin? Kuna iya yanke ciyawar fure sama da ta ƙarshe, wacce ake kira "wurin bacci". Ana yin datti kawai a saman kodan, a nesa da kusan 1.5 cm. A cikin nau'ikan orchids da yawa, an samar da rawanin “barcin” da yawa (sunan kimiyya, abubuwan haɗin gwiwa), waɗanda aka rufe da sikelin kariya. Wadannan buds, kamar yadda shuka ke tsiro, za'a iya kunna shi kuma yayi girma, ya samar da shinge a gefe.
Bayan tabbatar da cewa orchid ya lalace, zaku iya, idan ya cancanta, ci gaba zuwa wani muhimmin lokacin kulawa - dasawa. Tunda ba shi yiwuwa a dasa a lokacin fure.
Tsarin juyawa na Orchid za'a iya kasu zuwa wasu manyan matakai:
- Shiri kasar gona da sabon tanki don shuka.
- Juyawa kai tsaye da matakan kariya tare da tushen tsarin.
- Tabbatar da ingantaccen yanayi don daidaitawar shuka bayan dasawa.
Zai fi kyau ga masu farawa su sayi sabon ƙasa don wannan a cikin shagon musamman. Kafin dasawa, ya zama dole don sanyaya ƙasa a cikin tukunya don shuka ya fi sauƙi a kai kuma tushen ba ya lalacewa.
Fitar da tsiro daga tsohuwar tukunya, bincika tushen tsarin a hankali. Wajibi ne a datse duk bushe, lalace ko tushen cututtukan tare da kayan aiki mai kaifi. Koshin lafiya suna da launi masu laushi da na roba.
Lokacin sake dasa wata shuka, ya zama dole a mai da hankali musamman tare da asalinsu. Ya kamata a nutsar da shuka a daidai wannan matakin a cikin tsohuwar tanki. Sha ruwa nan da nan bayan dasawa shine ba tilas ba, mafi kyawun shine fesa shi a hankali ya bar shi cikin wuri mai laushi mai duhu tsawon mako biyu.
Furtherarin kulawa da orchid bayan flowering ba ta bambanta musamman da saba, kawai buƙatar tsayar da tsarin mulkin sha da babban miya.
Dormancy Orchid
A mafi yawancin jinsunan orchids bayan lokacin fure akwai lokacin hutawa ta hutawa, a lokacin da saurin haɓaka yake raguwa sosai, yawan haɓaka metabolism yana raguwa. Tsawon lokacin haƙƙin kanta, tsawon lokacinsa ko rashi ya dogara da yanayin damina a cikin mahaifar takamaiman shuka.
Bayan an gama haɓakar matasa harbe-harbe, yawancin orchids suna farawa da lokacin ma'amala da dangi. A wannan lokacin ne shuka take buƙatar rage zafin jiki da raguwa a yawan ban ruwa. Irin waɗannan yanayi Taimaka wa samuwar fure furewanda, ya dace da tsarin kulawa na madaidaiciya, zai samar da fure.
Akwai nau'in orchid tare da cikakken lokacin hutawa (alal misali, Pleione). An bayyana wannan a cikin gaskiyar cewa ɓangaren ɓangaren tsire-tsire ya mutu, kawai tushen ya kasance, duk hanyoyin rayuwa ana hana su yawan watanni. Bugu da ƙari, babu abin da ake buƙatar yin, a ƙarshen lokacin ɓoyewa, Tushen kansu suna ba da sabon harbe.
Haka kuma akwai wasu nau'in halittu waɗanda ba a bayyana lokacin hutuwar ko babu su ba. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu ƙwazo sosai a cikin shekara (alal misali, Phalaenopsis).
Kammalawa
"Lokacin da orchid ya yi fure, me zan yi?" - bayan karanta wannan labarin, ba za ku sake yin irin wannan tambayar ba.
Kulawa bayan fure orchids ba shi da wahala kamar yadda ake tsammani. Bi shawarwari masu sauki, abubuwan da ke sama da orchids zasu gamsu da lafiyar su da kyawun su fiye da shekara guda.
