Shuka da kulawa da lambun rhododendron: tukwici, hotuna

Zai dace a kula da rhododendron saboda ba duk masu lambu ba ne suka san yadda za su yi girma da kyau a kan wani shafi. Wannan tsari ne mai rikitarwa wanda ya shafi dabaru da yawa. Idan ka yanke shawarar siyan wannan tsiron ornamental, to, abu na farko da ya kamata ka fahimta shine rhododendron shuka ne mai kwayar halitta. Yawancin lokaci yana kwantar da shi a cikin hunturu. Koyaya, idan kun kula da shi yadda yakamata, kuna la’akari da halayen shuka, to wannan tsirarren bazai haifar da manyan matsaloli ba.

Zabi kayan dasa

Kafin ci gaba zuwa dasa rhododendron, fara lambu ba zai ji rauni ba don gano cewa an shuka wannan tsiron da yawa nau'in hunturu-Hardy. Idan ka dogara da kwarewar lambu, ya fi kyau ka shuka iri dake zuwa shafin:

• yankewar schlippenbach;
• Jafananci rhododendron;
• Katevbinsky.

Sabili da haka, idan kuna son samun kayan dasa kayan ingancin, to kuna buƙatar kusanci wurin siyayyar. Zai fi kyau tuntuɓar ƙwararrun jinya na musamman, inda ba kawai za ku iya ba da irin nau'in rhododendron ba, amma kuma bayar da shawarwari don kula da shi.

Kada ku jarabce ta da damar siyan wannan shuka a cikin wata kasuwa mara ma'ana. Yawancin yawancin masu siyar da gida ba sa iya faɗi ainihin abin da suke sayarwa. Kuma koda da diyan da aka sayo zai iya yin fure a lokacin bazara kuma yayi ado wajan lambun ku, da alama ba zai iya tsira daga hunturu ba kuma zaku sake neman kayan dasawa.

Saukowa

Bai wa mawuyacin yanayin yanayin ƙasarmu, ya fi kyau a dasa shuki a kowane watan kaka. Idan kun shirya wannan taron a cikin bazara, yana da kyau ku dasa rhododendron a watan Afrilu da Mayu. Irin wannan ba da shawara ba mai haɗari ba ne, tunda a wannan lokaci na shekara ne ci gaban furanni yake ƙare, kuma tsire-tsire matasa suna da lokaci don ƙaruwa da ƙarfi.

Dandanawa masu girbi na fure basu iya ɗaukar wannan dokar da shuka a kowane lokaci. Babban abu shine a tsakanin lokacin da aka zaɓa da lokacin furanni da kuma lokacin girbi, lokaci mai yawa ya wuce. Tabbas, a wannan lokacin, shuka ya ciyar da makamashi mai yawa, musamman idan aka batun gina kore taro.

Preparationasa shiri

Don dasa rhododendron, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wurin da ya dace, wanda ya kamata kariya daga iska da hasken rana kai tsaye. Dole ne a shayar da ƙasa, kuma dole ne a fitar da tsarin tushen shuka.

Duk lambu mai novice ya kamata ya fahimci cewa sufuri ba zai zama mummunan gwaji ga shuka ba idan an fara shayar da ita da ruwan dumi.

Idan babu isasshen danshi a cikin ƙasa kuma dunƙule ya bushe, to, kafin dasa shuki daji kuna buƙatar yin waɗannan: dole ne a barshi don couplean awanni biyu a cikin ruwa don ya sami adadin danshi da ake buƙata.

Don dasa rhododendron, dole ne ku shirya ramin saukowa: ya kamata ya zama sau 2 mafi girma daga zurfin da nisa daga tushe na ciki. Da farko suna zuba shi a can cakuda shiri musamman, wanda aka yi amfani da abubuwan da ake amfani da wadannan abubuwan masu daidai:

• heather ƙasar;
• peat sphagnum;
• ƙasa mai rarrafe;
• rotted taki;
• humus;
• Pine needles.

Ana amfani da wannan cakuda a cikin adadin 1/3 na girman ramin, ragowar sararin samaniya yana cike da ƙasa, wanda aka kirkira lokacin haƙa rami. Kuna iya shirya rami don rhododendron ba kawai nan da nan ba kafin dasa, amma kuma yayin lokacin-kashe-kashe, wanda ke faruwa a cikin bazara da kaka.

Shawarwarin saukarwa

Don saukowa da rhododendron a cikin Urals don tafiya ba tare da rikitarwa ba, wajibi ne yayin aiwatarwa bi wasu shawarwari.

• Yana motsa itacen a cikin rami mai dasa, dole ne a sanya shi a tsaye. Sarari a kusa da tushen tsarin dole ne ya cika da sauran substrate kuma tamped don kauce wa voids a cikin ƙasa;
• Bugu da ƙari, kuna buƙatar kulawa da ƙirƙirar magudanar ruwa mai inganci, godiya ga wanda matsalar cire yawan danshi daga rhizome da samar dashi da iskar oxygen zai magance shi sosai;
• lokacin dasa, ƙasa a cikin tushen dole ne a mulched tare da Layer of cm 5. Wannan aikin an kammala shi ta hanyar yawan ruwa - danshi dole ne ya shiga zurfin cm 20. Ana iya amfani da ganye, allura ko peat a matsayin abu don mulching. Yana da muhimmanci a lura da ainihin hanyar: na farko, sanya ciyawa, sannan kawai sai a aiwatar da wadataccen ruwa;
• wani lokacin rhododendron dole ne a dasa a lokacin furanni. A wannan yanayin, da farko kuna buƙatar yanke wani ɓangare na ganye. Idan rami rami suna located at a isasshe mai nisa daga juna, to, kuliyoyi bukatar a fitar da zuwa cikin ƙasa domin iska mai ƙarfi kada hawaye rauni kafe shuke-shuke. Lokacin da lokacin da ya cancanta don tushen wucewa, ana cire goyan baya.

Kulawa

Bayan sun gama dasa rhododendron a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, sun fara aiwatar da ayyuka a cikin tsarin kulawa da shuka. Manyan sune fesawa, sanya miya da samuwar daji. Aiki mai amfani sosai shine weeding na ƙasa a cikin tushen tushe, wanda ke taimakawa kare shuka daga kwari.

Gabaɗaya, rhododendron baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman idan an kiyaye duk ƙa'idodi yayin dasa, kuma a ƙarshen an dasa tushen yankin. Irin wannan aiki na tilas ga yawancin tsire-tsire kamar yadda ake kwance ƙasa ba da shawarar don rhododendron. Haka kuma, zai iya cutar da shi, kamar yadda zai iya lalata tsarin tushe.

Watse

Sauƙi mai sauƙi shine kula da rhododendron yayin ban ruwa. Musamman a kai a kai kuna buƙatar fesa tsire-tsire a farkon shekara bayan dasawa, tunda suna buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi masu dacewa don tushen. A inji ji mafi girma bukatar danshi a kan zafi kwana. Alamar da shuka ba ta da isasshen danshi zai iya ba ta da kansa: a lokacin irin wannan lokacin turgor ya shuɗe, kuma ganye zama matte. Fesa ganyen ba shi da wata tasirin gaske game da kiyaye matsayin mafi kyau, saboda haka ana iya aiwatar da wannan hanyar da wuya.

Idan a farkon shekarar rayuwa bayan dasa shuki da shuka babu danshi, ya fara farawa da wannan raunin sosai. A lokaci guda, yawan danshi na ƙasa ba shi da amfani ga shuka, tunda wannan ya sa ba zai yiwu Tushen ya sami adadin oxygen ɗin da ya cancanta ba. Ana iya ƙaddara wannan ta hanyar da ganyen ya fara faɗuwa ya juya rawaya a daji. Matsakaicin aiki don tururuwar danshi yana kwance ƙasa zuwa zurfin ƙasa. Bayan sa, kuna buƙatar jira lokaci domin ƙasa ta bushe sosai.

Don rhododendron ya ji daɗi bayan saukowa, kuna buƙatar yanke shawara tare da yanayin daidaita ruwa. An largelyaddara shi da yawa daga tsaurin ƙasa wanda furannin yake girma, da kuma yanayin yanayi.

Watering ya kamata a acidified da ruwa mai laushi. A lokacin da ciyayi ke aiki, ya kamata a ƙara yawan ruwa. Idan a lokacin bazara na shuka da shuka ya sami isasshen adadin danshi, to, zai sami ƙarin damar yin haƙuri da fari lokacin sanyi.

Mulching

Don kare saman farfajiya na ƙasa daga ƙaruwar danshi, zaku iya amfani da kayan aikin da yawa amma ban da ganyen kirjin. Gaskiyar ita ce a yayin lalata, suna ƙara alkalinity na ƙasa, kuma wannan yana lalata rhododendrons, wanda ke buƙatar ƙasa mai acidic. Hakanan kuna buƙatar ƙayyade daidai lokacin farin ciki na ciyawar ciyawa, kuma saboda wannan suna da girman girman tsire-tsire.

Tare da tsayin fure mai tsayi zuwa 50 cm, zaku iya iyakance kanku zuwa faɗin ciyawa mai faɗi na cm 4-64. Saboda samfuran da suka fi girma, an ƙara ciyawar ciyawa zuwa cm 10 cm Idan tsayi tsirrai masu girma zuwa mita 2, to ya kamata a shimfiɗa ciyawa a kan turɓayar ƙasa tare da Layer na cm 30. Tare da farawar bazara an cire shi gaba daya.

Turawa

Kulawar da ta dace na rhododendron tana buƙatar pruning na yau da kullun. Wadannan tsire-tsire da farko suna da tsari mai kyau. Sabili da haka, matakan dole ne a dauki kawai dangane da matasa tsire-tsire - don yin wannan, tsunkule wani wuri kusa da toho na tsakiya, wanda zai taimaka wajen samar da kambi na yau da kullun. Ana aiwatar da cikakken kayan girki ne kawai idan inji yana da kambi mai girma.

Wajibi ne don cire rassan tare da diamita na cm 24. A ƙarshen aiki, dole ne a sarrafa yanka tare da kayan da ke hannun. Kuna iya amfani da fenti mai, kuma a cikin rashin sa, lambun var, wanda zai taimaka don guje wa kamuwa da cuta na shuka.

Manyan miya

Tuni a farkon shekarar rayuwa bayan dasa shuki, dole ne a sa takin ƙasa a ƙasa. Bai wa matasa shekaru na daji, ana aiwatar da miya babba a cikin kananan rabo a cikin ruwa mai ruwa. Akwai rukuni na alamun wanda za'a iya tabbatar dashi cewa shuka yana buƙatar takin zamani:

• bayani game da ganye;
• raguwa a cikin girma shoot;
• ɗaukar hankalin mai sheki;
• fadowa daga ganye
• rashin alamar alamomi.

Mafi sau da yawa, saman miya ana aiwatar da taki ne da digo-rotted.

Kafin amfani da ƙasa, dole ne a ba da takin gargajiya ta tsawan kwanaki da yawa don kunnawa tafiyar matakai na kwayoyin halittu. 'Yan lambu sau da yawa suna amfani da superphosphate kamar takin ma'adinai.

Kuna iya fara ciyarwa kawai bayan kyakkyawan ruwa, wanda zai taimaka kare tsarin tushen daga ƙonewa.

Gardenerswararrun lambu sau da yawa suna ba da nau'ikan takin mai magani don bayar da ƙasa da acidity ɗin da ake so:

• potassium nitrate ko sulfate;
• sulfate ammonium;
• superphosphate;
• magnesium sulfate.

An fara ciyarwa a farkon bazara, kuma suna kammala kafin farkon watan Agusta.

Cin nasara

Daga cikin wasu matakan don kula da lambun rhododendrons, hunturu ma yana da mahimmanci, wanda fure na shuka ya zama ya dogara. A matsayin mafaka, zaku iya amfani da kayan rufi ko yin tsari mai kyau. Windsarfin iska mai ƙarfi da lokacin farin ciki mai dusar ƙanƙara yana da lahani ga rhododendron. Don karewa daga waɗannan abubuwan waje, masu lambu suna shirya gidaje na musamman, ta amfani da kumburin polyurethane ko polypropylene don kerar su.

Yana yiwuwa a ƙayyade lokacin da ya dace lokacin da zazzabi na yanayi zai iya kawar da mafaka: ya kamata ya dumama + digiri 10. a ƙananan yanayin zafi, yana da daraja a jinkirta cirewar shuka daga mafaka, tunda ba haka ba yana iya sha wahala.

Mafi yawan lokuta an tsabtace mafaka a watan Afrilusaboda haka kyawawan ganye za su shirya sosai don hasken rana na farko. A wannan lokacin, rhododendron yana fitowa daga yanayin hutawa, sabili da haka buƙatun danshi yana ƙaruwa.

Wajibi ne don tsabtace tsari a cikin hadari. Idan an yi wannan latti, tsire-tsire na iya rushewa. Yawancin lokaci rhododendrons tsari don hunturu a tsakiyar Nuwamba. Yawancin lokaci ta wannan lokacin babu sauran zafi, kuma yawan zafin jiki na iska ya fara sauka kowace rana.

Kammalawa

Rhododendron yana da sha'awar mutane da yawa a tsakanin lambu. Saboda haka, mutane da yawa za su so su san abubuwan da ake amfani da shi a cikin hanyar ƙasa. Wannan tambaya ta dace sosai musamman saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin matsanancin hunturu na Rasha, wanda ba sabon abu bane ga yankuna na yankin Siberiya, ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne a shuka shi a matsayin tsiro na zamani. Kowane mazaunin ya san hakan ko da a watan Mayu frosts na faruwa, don haka lokacin bazara yayi gajere.

Koyaya, sanin dokokin fasahar aikin gona don dasa shuki da kula da wannan tsiron, yana yiwuwa a more nishaɗin wannan kyawawan tsire-tsire a kowane lokaci a cikin latitude ɗinmu. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar kulawa da hankali sosai ga shuka a kowane mataki na rayuwarsa kuma aiwatar da abubuwan da suka dace wanda furen zai tabbatacce tare da fure mai launi da haske.

Amma dole ne mu manta cewa ba komai ya dogara da kulawa ba. Lokacin da ake girma rhododendron a Siberiya, yana da matukar muhimmanci a zabi iri-iri mai tsayayya mai sanyi domin ya iya jure sanyi lokacin sanyi kuma ya fara yin bazara a bazara ba tare da bata lokaci ba. Sannan mai kula da lambun da yake da hankali za'a bashi ladan duk kokarin da yakeyi wanda zai nuna yayin narkarda rhododendron.