A kallon farko, dankali daya girma ba mai wahala bane. Amma don samun amfanin gona mai girma da inganci, dole ne a sami yanayin yanayi da ya dace, yawan adadin abubuwan da ake buƙata na gina jiki a cikin ƙasa, tsararren tsaba masu inganci da rashi cututtuka da kwari. Don wannan al'adun kayan lambu wanda ba a bayyana ba don faranta wa lambu lambu kowace shekara tare da kyawawan 'ya'yan itaciyarsa, ya zama dole don amfani da kwarewar ƙasan waje da kuma ƙoƙarin shuka dankali bisa ga keɓaɓɓiyar fasaha ta Dutch.
Mafi kyawun nau'in dankali daga Holland
Yaren mutanen Holland dankali ne masu tsayayya wa cututtukan dankalin turawa. Don narkar da ita, ana amfani da nau'in halitta kawai da kuma hybrids. Mafi mashahuri daga cikinsu su ne Asterix, Cleopatra, Mona Lisa, Eba, Kafin da Frisia. Kowane iri-iri yana da ranakunan daban daban, wanda ke bada damar haɓakar haɓakar.
Siffofin fasahar Dutch
Hanyoyin Yaren Dutch don girma kayan lambu da berries an riga an san su da yawa daga cikin lambu da kuma kayan lambu. Misali, ana amfani da fasahar Dutch don girma strawberries ana nasara cikin nasara. Yanzu ana iya jin daɗin strawberries a duk shekara.
Tare da dankali, zaku iya samun sakamako iri ɗaya idan kun yi daidai kuma a sarari ku cika dukkan abubuwan da ake buƙata masu alaƙa da aikin gona. Misali, ɗaya daga mahimman mahimmancin fasahar Dutch shine narkar da ƙasa da akai-akai don mafi girman yanayin. Dankali ake girma a cikin earthen ridges na musamman a cikin nesa mai nisa daga juna. Yarda da duk hanyoyin cigaban aikin gona, dokokin kulawa zasu taimaka matuka wajen samun kyakkyawan girbi daga kowane daji - kimanin kilo 2 na dankali.
Muhimman Sharuɗɗa:
- Kamar kayan abu, dankali iri iri na halitta na farko ko na biyu yakamata ayi amfani dasu.
- Wajibi ne a canza wurin dasa dankali a shekara, koyaushe la'akari da magabata. Mafi kyawun waɗannan sune amfanin gona.
- Babban mahimmanci shine abun da ke ciki da ingancin ƙasa akan gadajen dankalin turawa. Kada ta buƙaci ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki.
- Wajibi ne a aiwatar da matakan kariya don hana faruwar kwari da cututtuka. Magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta ya kamata da wuri da tasiri.
- A cikin kaka da lokacin bazara, ya kamata a aiwatar da tillage bisa ga buƙatu na musamman na fasaha da shawarwari kuma tare da yin biyayya ga duk lokacin da aka tsara.
Ba kowa bane yaci nasarar tattara wadataccen girbi. Akwai dalilai daban-daban don wannan. Ofayansu bai isa ƙasa ba. Sau da yawa gadaje suna kusa sosai kuma suna da yawa, kuma amfanin gona - magabata ba su yin la'akari da komai, ƙari da ƙimar dasa dankali.
Yaren mutanen Holland dankalin turawa
Yadda ake shirya ƙasa
Komawa cikin kaka, shirin ƙasa don dasa shuki ya fara. Da farko, yakamata a dasa duk ƙasar da kyau, sannan kuma ƙari na abubuwan da ake amfani da su, mullein, superphosphate (500 a kowace ɗari na ɗari) da gishiri na potassium (200 na gram a ɗari na ɗari) ya kamata a ƙara ƙasa. Culasa ƙasa ta zama dole don cikakken lalata tushen tsarin ciyawar ciyawa a yankin.
Lokacin sake yin huɗa a farkon bazara, yana da kyau a gabatar da urea a cikin ƙasa (kimanin 500 na gram ɗari ɗaya).
Za'a iya aiwatar da haɓaka a cikin karamin ɗakin rani ta amfani da cokali na lambun talakawa, kuma a cikin manyan lambun ko filayen gona, kuna buƙatar amfani da malamin gona. Mai jan hankali - mai yanke ɗan dutsen niƙa zai taimaka matuka wajen aiwatar da duk wani aiki mai wahala na jiki: ba kawai za nika da gushewar ƙasa ba, harma ta haɓaka ta da tono ta.
Zabi da kuma shirya iri dankali
Tsaba domin dasa shuki dole yayi daidai da waɗannan buƙatun:
- Girman a diamita kusan milimita 50 ne.
- Iyaka mafi girma.
- Hundredaya daga cikin ɗari bisa dari na aji.
Dasa kayan dole ne a shuka shi kafin a samar da harbe dankalin turawa na wani girman. Don dasa a kan gidan rani, sprouts na iya zama milimita biyar ko fiye da tsayi, kuma a cikin filayen, ta amfani da kayan aikin gona, tsawon harbe ba zai wuce milimita 5 ba. Ya fi tsayi a lokacin aiki dasa shuki a hankali karyewa.
Kafin dasa shuki, tabbatar cewa an shirya ƙasa. Carriedayyade danshi na ƙasa ana aiwatar dashi ta hanya mai sauƙi: kuna buƙatar karɓar ɗumbin ƙasa a hannunka, matsi sosai, sannan sauke shi. Idan ƙasa tana shirye don dasawa, to, ƙurar dunƙule zata iya murƙushe cikin sauƙi.
A cikin kowane rami na dasa shuki, da farko kuna buƙatar zuba karamin albasa husks (don tsoratar da kwari dankalin turawa), sannan dinbin ash, kuma tuni akan saman dankalin turawa.
Dasa dankali ta amfani da fasaha na Dutch
Idan kun dasa dankali a farkon bazara, dayan sashin daji zasu kara yin aiki sosai, kuma wani sashi mai tushe zai samar da dankalin turawa dankalin turawa a hanzari. Nisa tsakanin ramin dankalin turawa a lokacin dasa bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da santimita 75-90 ba. Amincewa da irin wannan rabuwa da ɗari murabba'in mita, aƙalla kusan dubu dankalin turawa, tubers na irin matsakaici da na marigayi ripening kuma game da 700 tubers na farkon iri za a buƙaci.
Abubuwan Bukatar Dankali na asali
Kula da gadaje dankalin turawa fara da aiki na aisles. A cikin yankin kewayen birni, ana bada shawarar yin irin wannan jiyya don kwana bakwai bayan dasa, kuma a cikin filayen da kuma shirye-shiryen babban yanki - a cikin kwanaki 15-20. A wannan lokacin, tsirar dankalin turawa tana kusa da farfajiya na ƙasa kamar yadda zai yiwu, kuma an riga an fara fitar da ciyayi a cike yake. Row jerawa ne daidai nufin sarrafa sako. Bayan duk, za su iya tsoma baki tare da haɓakawa da haɓakar manyan tubers na sababbin dankali.
Manoma na amfani da mai yin nomo a cikin filayen. Tare da taimakonsa, saman ƙasan ƙasa a kan gadaje an rufe shi da ƙasa mai kwance kuma ya samar da tsummoki mai zurfi, waɗanda ba sa barin wuce haddi danshi ya haɗu akan farfajiya. Duk ruwa yana gangarowa zuwa gaɓar kogin da yake cikin rami.
A cikin yankin na kewayen birni, shi ma wajibi ne don samar da ridges a kan dankalin dankalin turawa. Tsawonsu na iya kaiwa zuwa 20-25 santimita, kuma an gina su ta amfani da shebur na lambu ko kuma ɗakin sara. Sako sarrafawa fara a mako bayan dasa kuma yana da za'ayi ta tsoratar. Irin wannan magani na ƙasa ba kawai yana lalata tsire-tsire masu cutarwa ba, amma yana kare ƙasa daga bushewa, inganta musayar iska da iskar ruwa, kuma yana da tasiri mai amfani wajen haifuwar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Idan gida na rani yana kan layi mara kyau ko karkata, wanda zai cutar da cigaban kayan lambu, to yana da kyau yin ɗan jinkiri. Don yin wannan, zaku iya yin jujjuyawar jujjuyawar yanar gizon (fiye da santimita 50 da faɗi kusan zurfin santimita 30), kuma a tsakanin su suna gina ƙarin lamuran da ke buƙatar ƙarfafa ta dasa shuki ranakun hunturu. A cikin hunturu, wannan "ƙirar" zai kuma taimaka wajen rarraba rarraba dusar ƙanƙara a bisa ƙasa, ya kuma inganta damshin ƙasa.
Watering dankalin turawa, bushes bada shawarar ba fiye da sau uku domin dukan girma kakar. Farkon ruwa yana farawa kafin fure ya fara, na biyu da sati biyu bayan farkon fara aiki, na uku bayan lokacin fure ya ƙare.
Yakamata a kiyaye rigakafin shuka dankalin turawa tare da kemikal da kwayoyi a lokuta 5-6 na tsawon lokacin. Da farko spraying ne da za'ayi kawai don manufar rigakafin, ba tare da alamun kwari ko cututtuka. Don kare tsire-tsire na dankalin turawa daga mummunan maƙiyin ƙwayar dankalin turawa na Colorado, ya zama dole don kula da albarkatu tare da magungunan kashe qwari na musamman kafin fure.
Girbi shima yana buƙatar ɗan shiri. Ya kunshi a mopping dankalin turawa, fi. An yanke firam ɗin, kuma an bar dankali a cikin ƙasa na kimanin kwanaki 10-15 har sai ya farfado. Dankali na dankalin turawa, kasancewa a cikin ƙasa, a wannan lokacin ya zama mai ƙarfi kuma ƙasa da lalacewa yayin girbi. Haka kuma, irin wannan dankalin turawa yana da ikon ajiya na lokaci mai tsawo yayin da yake riƙe dukkan kayan kima da halayen ɗanɗano.
A kan manyan filayen dankalin turawa, maimakon mowing, fi suna amfani da hanyar desiccation. Wannan hanyar tana ba ku damar bushe firan tsirrai ta hanyar fesawa tare da magunguna na musamman don sauƙaƙe ƙarin girbi.
Fasahar Dutch don girma dankali yana ƙara zama sananne a cikin ƙasashen Turai da dama da gonaki a ƙasarmu. Abin sani kawai ya zama dole don yin riko da duk shawarwari, kuma ana bayar da girbi mai amfani.
