Berry na dandano biyar - Schisandra chinensis

Schisandra kumbis (Schisandra chinensis) - tsiro tare da tarihin arziki. Mutane kalilan ne suka san cewa wannan al'ada ta fara yin girma a matsayin kayan magani kuma ana amfani da ita don magani fiye da ƙarni biyu kafin haihuwar Kristi a tsohuwar China. Aan centuriesan ƙarni kaɗan bayan haka, aka fara yin wannan al'adar a Gabas ta Tsakiya, inda aka daɗe ana amfani da lemongrass gaba ɗaya azaman tonic, kamar injin injiniyoyi na zamani.

Kasar Sin ta yaba da wannan bishiyar har wa yau, tana mai da shi kawai kamar "uvei-tzu", wanda a ra'ayinmu yana nufin "Berry da launuka biyar masu dandano." Wannan sunan da gaske sama da aminci yana nuna jigon dandano na lemongrass. Idan ka sanya Berry a cikin bakin ka kuma tauna shi, zaku iya kusan lokaci guda kuji daɗin da yake fitowa daga kwasfa, acid ɗin ɓangaren litattafan almara, haushi na tsaba da kuma babban ɗanɗano na zaki.

A halin yanzu, lemongrass a cikin yanayin dabi'unsa ya mamaye wurare da yawa a China, Japan, Arewa da Koriya ta Kudu, har ma da Sakhalin, a cikin yankunan Khabarovsk da Primorsky. A cikin wadannan yankuna, al'adu sun fi so yin girma a cikin tsaunin tuddai, an zabi shi akan tsabtataccen gandun daji, ya mamaye wurare masu kwari da kwari. A'idodin wuraren da lemongrass ke haɓaka sune gefunan daji, wuraren rarrabawa, kwaruruka na manyan koguna da ƙananan koguna. Wannan al'ada tana zaɓar ƙasa sosai, an yi ta ɗora tare da abinci mai gina jiki, tare da amsawar acidic ko ɗan ƙaramin acidic na yanayin.

Bayanin Schisandra

Itacen itacen 'Magnolia' na itacen inabi shine kanta mai tsinkaye, itace-kamar itace da tsinkayen hawa itacen inabi na gidan itacen girma na magnolia, wanda wasu lokuta ake rikita shi da actinidia. Kowane Liana a kan shuka zai iya shimfiɗa tsawon dozin da rabi, yana da ikon jingina kusan duk wani farfajiya kuma ya daɗe a kusa da bishiyoyi da manyan tsintsaye. Ganyen tsiron ya lalace, yana ja da karfi, ya kai kauri daga santimita biyu kuma yana da adadin lentil da aka shirya a kai tsaye. Ya danganta da shekarun lemongrass, ana iya fentin ashinsa da launin shuɗi mai haske (samammen matasa) ko launin ruwan hoda (samfurori waɗanda suka girmi shekara biyar).

Ana sanya ruwan lemo na lemun tsami a cikin tsari na gaba, su matsakaici ne lokacin kauri, suna da sifar yatsan fuska tare da fa'ida a cikin sifa. A launi na ruwan tabarau a saman mafi yawanci cikakken kore, kuma a kan kasa ganye na muhimmanci paler. The fi na lemongrass ganye suna nuna. Ganyen yana da '' 'ya'yan itace biyar masu ɗanɗano' 'da ɗanyen tsirrai, suna da ruwan hoda-ja a launi, tsawon santimita uku.

Furannin lemun tsami a wata kama mai kama da furannin Actinidia, sun huta ne a kan bakin nesa da dogayen fuloti kuma suna da launin ruwan hoda-pink, gami da ƙanshin mai daɗi, da ɗan kama da na Actinidia. Ana iya ganin furanni masu fure daga farkon watan Mayu zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuni, wato, sama da wata guda. Bayan an gama furanni da fure na fure, kayan ragowa suka girma domin a girke girke mai girke-girke mai yawa na spiky (polymer apocarpous, a kimiyance) daga furen, a waje yayi kama da buroshi cikin ceri, tare da denser tsari kawai na berries kuma tare da adadi mai yawa daga gare su. Berries a cikin irin wannan soyayyen goge na iya zama har zuwa dozin uku, amma a matsakaita 23-26 guda.

Ta hanyar ilimin halitta, 'ya'yan itacen' ya'yan itacen magnolia na kasar Sin shine irin itacen da yake da ball, a ciki wanda akwai nau'ikan kodan, mai launin shuɗi, launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan kasa. Launin berriesanyen berriesanyen bishiyoyi masu launin shuɗi ne burgundy ja. Dandanawa, kamar yadda ya cancanci ɗanyen berry na dandano biyar, na iya zama mai yaji, mai tsami-ƙanshi, mai ɗaci, wani lokacin kuma yana ƙonewa. Idan kuka nika berries ko ganyayyaki a hannuwanku, zaku iya jin ƙamshin ƙoshin lemun tsami - don haka sunan Rasha ga wannan shuka - lemongrass.

Daban-daban na Schisandra chinensis

Aiki mai kyau na kiwo tare da lemongrass a cikin ƙasarmu ya fara kwanan nan, a ƙarshen karni na ƙarshe. Na farko iri-iri an haɗa su a cikin Rijistar ofwararrun Statewararrun Jiha a cikin 1999, kuma sabuwar a 2013. A halin yanzu, akwai nau'i huɗu kawai a cikin Rijistar Jiha, waɗannan sune Volgar (2011), Debut (2013), Myth (2011) da Farko (1999). Da alama akwai wasu varietiesan iri, amma, da aka ba da takamaiman halayen lemongrass da gaskiyar cewa buƙatun dasa kayan, kodayake yana girma, har yanzu ba ya da yawa, wannan adadin ya isa sosai.

Bari muyi magana game da waɗannan nau'ikan a cikin ƙarin daki-daki.

Don haka, darajar lemongrass "Volgar", - 'Ya'yanta sun yi kama da juna a wani kwanan wata. Itaciya ce mai haɓaka, ɗan bisexual, tare da shootsanyen matasa masu haske da ripan fari. Goga mai nauyin har zuwa 7.5 g ta ƙunshi berries 16 masu nauyin kimanin 0.7 g kowane. esanɗanawar berriesa berriesan berries tare da sananniyar acidity da ƙanshin ƙanshi mai yalwar launuka sune hunturu-Hardy da fari-masu tsayayya da fari.

"Halarta a karon", - 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin matsakaiciyar magana. plantayar ta zama ruwan dare, shootsan matasa suna da launin kore, masu ɗaukar hoto - launin toka-mai-goge. Gwanin ya kai adadin 18.1 g, ya ƙunshi har zuwa 30 carmine-ja berries mai nauyin kimanin 1.0 g. Peel berriesa berriesan itacen inabin sun cika da kauri, babu busasshen huɗiya, sifar yana daɗaɗɗa .. Za'a iya ganin ƙanshin itace-mai daɗaɗɗa a cikin dandano.Tawan itacen inabi na Magnolia yana da yawa lokacin hunturu-fari mai saurin fari.

"Tarihi", - 'ya'yan itacen sun girma a cikin matsakaici-marigayi. Matasa harbe na wannan itacen' yantaccen tsiro suna da launi mai launi-ruwan hoda, wanda ya balaga - launin ruwan kasa. Matsakaicin ƙarancin buroshi yakai 7.1 g, ya ƙunshi duhu 15 masu duhu, yana kaiwa zuwa taro na 0.5 Ela thean itacen thinan na fari ne, babu furen hudaya, sifar zagaye ne.Mancin yana bayyane a bayyane acid ne da ƙanshin ƙanshi.

"Bornan fari", - 'Ya'yan itacen sun girma a wani lokaci daga baya. harbe-harben Liana suna da bakin ciki, ya fi kyau sosai. Goggo mai nauyi ya kai 5,0 g, kowanne ya kai 12 yana yin nauyi kimanin 0.5 g. Carmine mai launin furanni suna da dandano sosai a cikin dandano, amma suna da kamshi mai daɗi .

Zaɓi wuri don lemongrass kuma zaɓi ƙasa

Schisandra ya fi son bude wuraren da ke da warke, kodayake ana iya yin sulhu da ɗan ƙaramin inuwa. A ƙasa adores sako-sako da, ruwa- da breathable, haske da gina jiki tare da dan kadan acidic muhalli. Yana tsoron matsanancin ruwa na ruwa da wuraren da narke ko ruwan sama na tsawan lokaci, yana da kyau kada a sanya shuka a wurin. Lokacin zabar wani wuri don lemongrass, yi ƙoƙarin sanya shi don itacen inabin da ke gaba ya sami abin dogaro, alal misali, kusa da tsohuwar itaciya, shinge, bango na gida, arbor. Idan babu wani tallafi na zahiri, to lallai ne ku shigar da na wucin gadi - baka, pergola, trellis.

Lokacin zabar wurin sanya wuri - kusa da gidan, baya daga bango mai mita da rabi domin ruwan da yake gudana daga rufin bai cika yalwa da ƙurar lemongrass ba. Kada kuyi ƙoƙarin sanya lemongrass kawai a gefen kudu, idan yana da wahala koyaushe don shayar da amfanin gona a gare ku, ana iya sanya lemongrass a gefen yamma na gidan, kuma a cikin yankuna na kudu, inda akwai ƙarin zafi - a gefen gabas, to liana zata kasance cikin mafi zafi, tsakar rana a cikin inuwa mai sauƙi, danshi zai ƙaura ƙasa kaɗan kuma ba zai buƙaci a shayar da shi sau da yawa ba.

'Ya'yan itacen berries na Schisandra chinensis.

Kyakkyawan dasa Schisandra

A kudu, ya fi dacewa don fara dasa shuki cikin lemongrass a watan Oktoba, a cikin tsakiyar da yankuna masu sanyi, yana da aminci a dasa liana a shafin a cikin bazara - daga farkon Afrilu zuwa farkon Mayu. La'akari da rashin ingancin ingancin lemongrass - yanayin dabi'unsa, lokacin da akwai furanni maza da mata akan shuka iri daya - don samun amfanin gona, idan an tsara tsarin namo lemongrass saboda wannan, ya ishe dasa shuki guda daya kawai a kan makircin. Idan kana son murkushe itacen zaitun tare da tsawon, ka ce, mita goma, zai isa a dasa tsirrai biyar kawai, a dai-dai rarraba su ko'ina cikin yankin.

Beforeasa kafin dasa shuki lemongrass dole ne a shirya shi sosai: yin digging don cikakken bayoneti na shebur tare da wajabta cire duk ciyawar 5 kilogiram na humus ko taki mai kyau, tablespoon na nitroammophos da 250-300 g na katako na ash a kowace murabba'in ƙasa. Yana da kyau a shirya ƙasa don dasa aƙalla mako guda kafin a dasa shuki a saman wurin. Lokacin da ƙasa ta shirya, kuna buƙatar haƙa rami na dasa shuki, ya kamata su zama ɗan ƙaramin girma fiye da girman tushen tsarin seedling. A ginin rami, da aka ba da cewa lemongrass baya son turɓayar danshi, yana da mahimmanci don sanya magudanar ruwa daga tubalin da aka fashe ko yumɓu da yumbu da santimita, a zuba kamar kilo kilogiram na cakuda ƙasa mai laushi da humus daidai gwargwado a saman, ruwa na ƙasa (5-6 na ruwa na ruwa) da Wannan matashin mai laushi da abinci mai gina jiki mai gina jiki ya saita seedling, a hankali yana yada asalin sa. Na gaba, kuna buƙatar cika tushen tsarin lemongrass a hankali lokaci-lokaci ana haɗa ƙasa don tushen wuyansa ya kasance a matakin ƙasa kuma ba a binne shi. Bayan dasa, ana buƙatar zuba ƙasa tare da wani lita 5-6 na ruwa, kuma a saman sanya ciyawa daga humus tare da Layer na 2-3 cm don adana danshi, hana ɓoyewar ƙasa daga ƙirƙirar kuma hana haɓakar ciyawar ciyawa.

Bayan dasa lemongrass, yana da kyau a rage seedling ta yankan harbe zuwa uku buds. A sakamakon haka, tsawon harbe (duk abin da ke kan seedling, zai iya zama ɗayan, wannan al'ada ce) ya kamata ya kasance kusan 18-22 cm.

Kulawar lemun tsami

Lokaci mafi mahimmanci shine farkon shekaru biyu daga lokacin dasa lemongrass. A wannan lokacin, musamman ma a watan farko, shuka da a sa'o'i na yamma zai buƙaci kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye. A duk tsawon lokacin, ya zama dole don saka idanu da danshi na kasar gona, hana bushewa ta bushe (musamman a cikin kananan tsire-tsire, har zuwa shekaru 4 - 5), Hakanan ya zama dole don magance ciyayi da kuma kwance ƙasa (babu zurfi sama da santimita biyu), ba ƙyale ɓawon burodi ba. tsari a farfajiyar sa.

Amma game da ciyar da lemongrass, to ukun suna da mahimmanci don lokacin. Na farko, a cikin bazara, nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, a wannan lokacin, ya kamata a ƙara nitroammophoska a cikin adadin rabin tablespoon (a cikin shekaru biyu na farko da cikakken tablespoon a cikin waɗannan) ga kowane shuka. A tsakiyar lokacin bazara, zaku iya ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da superphosphate da gishiri na potassium, ƙara teaspoon na waɗannan takin zamani ga kowane shuka, kuma a cikin kaka yana wadatar da ƙasa tare da ash na itace - wannan ingantaccen taki ne wanda ke ƙunshe, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, abubuwan gano abubuwa. Ash ash yana buƙatar 100-150 g ga kowane shuka. Hanyar aikace-aikacen takin zamani kamar haka: da farko kuna buƙatar kwance ƙasa, sannan ku shayar da shi, sannan ku shafa taki sannan kuyi ciyawar ƙasa tare da busasshiyar ƙasa ko kuma wani yanki na humus, 1.5-2 cm lokacin farin ciki.

Daga kusan shekara ta uku ta rayuwar creeper a cikin sabon wuri, tsabtace kayan tsabta wajibi ne. Kuna buƙatar yin shi da wuri, kusan a cikin Maris-Afrilu Afrilu, don samun lokacin da za ku gama kafin guduwar ruwan ta fara. A cikin pruning lemongrass babu wani abu mai rikitarwa, yana da kyau isa ya bincika itacen inabin kuma ya yanke duk busasshen harbe, mai rauni sosai da daskarewa. Yana da kyau kar a kyale tsire ɗaya ya samar da yawan vines; Ya isa ya bar daga huɗu zuwa shida daga mafi ƙarfi, mafi tsayi da ingantattun harbe a daji ɗaya. Duk sauran gonakin inabin da suka ragu za'a iya yanke su a gindi. Lokacin dasa lemongrass, kula da harbe-harbe na gefen, yana da kyau a yanka su domin kowane ɗayan yana da aladu 11-12, babu ƙari. Bayan shekaru goma na girma na vines a wuri guda, yana da kyawawa don maye gurbin tsofaffin harbe tare da samari. Ba mu ba da shawarar yin wannan girkin kai tsaye ba, ana iya maye gurbin tsoffin harbe tare da yara a hankali, suna shimfida wannan tsari na shekaru 2-3.

'Ya'yan ƙwayar Schisandra chinensis.

Daukana amfanin gona

Berriesan itacen lemongrass sun ɗanɗano ƙarshen ƙarshen watan Agusta, amma idan bazara ba ta farin ciki da zafi, to za a iya fara yin huda a farkon Satumba. Lokacin da cikakke cikakke, 'ya'yan itatuwa yawanci suna da launin ja mai zurfi. Yana da kyau a jira har sai an lalatar da berries gabaɗaya kuma an tsage su tare da goge baki ɗaya, ninka bai wuce kilo biyu cikin akwati ɗaya ba. Lura cewa ba a adana lemongrass berries na dogon lokaci ba, har ma a cikin firiji za su iya yin bacci bai wuce mako guda ba, don haka yana da kyau a sanya su cikin aiki da wuri-wuri.

Ana shirya lemongrass don hunturu

Wata daya bayan girbi lemongrass, zaku iya fara dafa abinci don hunturu. Ba cewa shuka yana da matukar wuya, shirya don hunturu abu ne mai sauki. A bu mai kyau a rufe lemongrass kawai a farkon shekaru biyu bayan dasa shuki a shafin, yayin da tsirrai suke kanana. Ana iya rufe tushen bushes ɗin tare da bambaro ko busassun ganye, kuma yada kowane kayan rufe akan bishiyoyi. A nan gaba, irin wannan tsari ba lallai ba ne, a cikin hunturu kawai tukwici na haɓaka matasa waɗanda ba su balaga ba a cikin hunturu na iya daskarewa a cikin tsirrai na manya, a cikin bazara za'a iya cire su.

Lemongrass yaduwa

Yawancin lokaci lemongrass, kamar actinidia, ana yadu dashi ta hanyar dasa kore a cikin greenhouse. An yanke yankan a kusa da tsakiyar watan Yuni daga manyan harbe, yankan su gunduwa-gunduwa tsawon15 cm cm 7. Fiye da itace, yakamata yakamata ya kasance da ganyayyaki da dama da kuma yanke manyan abubuwa daga kasan da kuma saman sarewa. An lura cewa an kafa tushen da kyau sosai a kan ganyen da aka ɗauke daga ɓangaren tsakiyar haɓaka.

Shuka schisandra schisandra ana aiwatar dashi a cikin gidan kore, an rufe shi da fim a cikin ƙasa, wanda ya kunshi humus, ƙasa mai gina jiki da yashi kogi daidai gwargwado. A karkashin yanayin shayar da sau 4-5 a rana a cikin zafi da kuma sau 2-3 a cikin hadari mai sanyi, cikakkun Tushen za su kafa a kan ƙananan bishiyoyin Satumba kuma a cikin bazara, shekara ta gaba bayan dasa shuki a cikin greenhouse, ana iya shuka su a kan gado mai girma, kuma wani shekara bayan haka zuwa wurin dindindin a shafin.

Bush na Schisandra chinensis.

Gabaɗaya, schisandra na kasar Sin shine itacen inabi mai ban sha'awa tare da kyawawan ganye, kyawawan furanni, furanni masu ban sha'awa da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ban sha'awa, waɗanda za a iya samun sauƙin girma a cikin yankinku don manufar samun' ya'yan itatuwa masu lafiya ko kuma kawai a sa su don yin ado da ginin lambuna ko ma katangar gida.

Schisandra ba shi da ma'ana, ba ya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, lokacin sanyi ne-mai tsananin sanyi kuma mai saurin kamuwa da ƙarancin balaga, sabili da haka ya dace da gidan bazara, inda ba sau da yawa.