Ephedra daidai ne a cikin ɗaya daga cikin tsintsayen lambun da suka fi kuzari da kera su. Siffar kambi mai kauri, da kamar wuya mai yawa, da kuma abun wuya mai banƙyama na ruwan 'ya'yan itace zobba zai iya ƙara karkatar da zane zuwa ƙirar kowane jerin. Kuma sunan mutane mai sauƙin "conifer" a gaban wannan ƙaramin al'ajibin ba ya tuno da kai tsaye. Daga nesa, ephedra alama ce mai kyau, furry, kusa - mai hoto, amma koyaushe m. Amma iyawarta da iyawarta na ƙaruwa har ma da kyautar kayan ado.
Ephedra, ko Fankari (Ephedra) - nau'in halittu na bishiyoyi na dangin Ephedra, ko Ephedra (Ephedraceae).
Da fatan za a kula: Yawancin lokaci ana kiranta Conifers ba daidai ba (Pinophyta), ko wasan motsa jiki - tsire-tsire waɗanda tsabarsu suka girma a cikin cones (itacen al'ul, fir, larch, spruce, Pine, da sauransu).
Horsetail Ephedra, ko Ephedra Horsetail (Ephedra equisetina). © LazaregagnidzeSiffofin Al'adu na Sashen
Za'a iya kwatanta bayyanar wannan ciyayi mai ban mamaki da shuka guda ɗaya kaɗai - horsetail. Inda winters suna da taushi da taushi, ƙazamar sigarin ba ya girma a cikin hanyar daji, amma sai ya zama itace mai kauri, busasshiyar bishiyoyi da kyawawan launuka masu kama da juna. Amma a yankuna tare da matsanancin winters, ephedra tasowa a cikin hanyar wajen squat, shrubbery girma more a fadin.
Ephedra shine shuken daji wanda ganyayyaki ke da wahalar gani. M, ultrafine, fused, ba su bayyane a kan harbe, rage zuwa scaly farji. Rassan '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' kamar yadda aka nuna shi mai kauri ne, kambi mai kauri, ci gaba da adadi mai ban mamaki kuma a zahiri yana wakiltar bakin ciki, madaidaici, “sikirin allurai”. Wanda aka zana (har zuwa 4 harbe) ko kuma giciye-gaban, jointed, tare da takaitaccen internodes, suna kama da horsetail, amma sun fi girma. Launi na harbe na ephedra ya bambanta sosai. A cikin wasu nau'ikan da nau'ikan sabo ne, Emerald kore, a cikin wasu launuka masu launin shuɗi, a cikin wasu abubuwa ne gabaɗaya. Kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, wannan shuka tana canza launi dangane da ƙasa da yanayi, a kowace lambun tana kama da bambanci.
Ephedra daursky, ko Ephedra daursky (Ephedra dahurica). Oc geocitiesAmma ba wai kawai kambi mai tsada ba ne girman kai na daji, amma har da kyawawan 'ya'yan itace-berries. Tabbas, ana iya kiran su berries kawai bisa ga ka'ida: bayan guguwar-pollinating ephedra, ana ɗaure Berry kamar cones, wanda a yawancin nau'ikan riƙe riƙe nama da cin abinci. Sakamakon raunin ƙwanƙwasa ko huhun hancin, suna kama da zama abun wuya wanda aka warwatsa ko'ina cikin daji. Ana ɗaure furanni bayan fure mai alaƙar rubutu, a lokacin da shuka yake saki furen da aka tattara furanni a cikin bunches kuma ya kasance a ƙarshen harbe, galibi daya bayan mace fure. Launi na furanni shine al'ada mai launin rawaya, wani lokacin datti, a cikin conifers daban-daban, fure yana faruwa ko dai a farkon ko a ƙarshen bazara (kuma berries ya girma daga Yuli zuwa Oktoba, bi da bi).
Ephedra ya haɗu da "aikin" ado na ado tare da matsayin kyakkyawar bayyanar magani. Kuma su berries ba kawai dace da abinci, har ma da dadi sosai. Ba abin mamaki ba ana kiransu da '' matasai na itace '' kuma har ila yau a Siberiya ana amfani dasu don matsawa.
Ephedra na makoki, ko Ephedra funerea. © TucapelIri ephedra, ko conifers
A cikin asalin halittar conifers, akwai kusan nau'ikan 42 na tsirrai da tsirrai, ba su da yawa - tsirrai masu tsami. Amma suna da kama da juna don haka wani lokaci zaka iya bambance bambancin jinsin kawai tare da yin nazarin sosai game da halayen fure da 'ya'yan itatuwa akan shuka. Duk da mahimmancin halayen halayen, wasu nau'ikan ephedra sun kasance tsirrai na daji ne, yayin da wasu suka sami matsayin taurari na ƙirar shimfidar wuri ta zamani.
Yankin mata, ko Ephedra high, ko Ephedra yana da tsayi (Ephedra manyan) - babban ciyayi mai kauri, mai yaduwa kuma ya zama gajeriyar rassa da kuma rassan bakin ciki tare da launi mai duhu, wanda, akan jarrabawar hankali, zaku iya ganin ganyayyakin milimita uku-uku da aka yi su zuwa 2/3 na tsawon. Baya ga shuka mai tushe tare da wasu ƙananan berries na centimita-centimita, siffar procera tare da harbe mai laushi da 'ya'yan itaciyar elongated kuma suna da kyau.
Horsetail conifer, ko Horsetail Ephedra, ko Dutsen Ephedra (Ephedra equisetina) - shruban itace gabaɗayayye, madaidaicin itace wanda ke da ikon isa ga tsayi da mitoci a cikin al'adun lambu. Yana da harbe kuma mai kauri da kauri, tare da internodes har zuwa 2 cm tsayi, tsananin shuɗi mai launi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari mãsu zagaye, ja mai haske, fleshy. A bayyanar, daji ya samar da "abin so", kambi mai yawa.
Ephedra daursky, ko Ephedra Daurian, kuma: Ephedra na Sinanci, Pseudopapillary Ephedra, ko Ephedra Chinesis, Ephedra Pseudopapillary (Ephedra dahurica) yana jan hankalin sa tare da dusar kan sa da ke a saman filon, 'yan kalilan ne suka harba. Launi mai launi na ganye yana daɗewa, har zuwa 5 cm na internodes suna ba da ɗan kwalin ɗan kwatancin "daji", da kuma jan cones na 'ya'yan itacen, masu kama da berries, suna da yawa sosai, har zuwa 1 cm a diamita.
Ephedra yana da tsayi, ko Ephedra yana da tsayi, ko Ephedra yana da tsayi (Ephedra manyan). Ces Wurare 
Horsetail conifer, ko Ephedra horsetail, ko dutsen Ephedra (Ephedra equisetina). © Drew Avery 
Ephedra daursky, ko Ephedra daursky (Ephedra dahurica).
Na dabam, yana da mahimmanci a nuna alamar nau'ikan nau'ikan ephedra, waɗanda ke da ikon kawo lafazin lafazin da ba zato ba tsammani ga ƙirar gidajen lambuna.
Ephedra, ko Ephedra ephedra (Ephedra monosperma) - aturean ƙarami, duban maƙaryaci, abin mamakin kyakkyawan gangara mai ƙasa da ƙasa mai dutse. Wannan ephedra alama rufe filayen tare da kore kore fur, kuma a lokacin da jan yaƙutu, wajen manyan 'ya'yan itãcen marmari an kafa a kan kwance kambi, da alama kamar sihiri gani. A tsayi, wannan itacen coniferous yana da iyaka 10 cm, yana girma da ƙarfi, da sauri, rassan da yawa, kuma yana haifar da labule na musamman a cikin zane. A cikin sharuddan decorativeness, kawai wuya rare iya gasa tare da shi, Har ila yau, har zuwa 10 cm a tsawo da kuma kama da dogon Jawo Ephedra Fedchenko, ko Ephedra Fedchenko (Ephedra fedtschenkoae).
Kusan guda low, amma ba kasa m da Ephedra Gerard, ko Ephedra Gerard (Ephedra gerardiana) Mai iyakance ga 5 cm kawai a tsayi, ya ba da sha'awa don jin daɗin rassan duhu na bakin ciki tare da ganye kawai rabin-fused da zagaye, 'ya'yan itatuwa santimita-rabin. Wannan ephedra yana da mafi girma, har zuwa 15 cm form wanda ba a sanshi ba tare da ganye masu tsayi.
Kafa biyu, ko Ephedra biyu-karu (Ephedra distachya) muna sananne sosai da sunan Kuzmichev ciyawa. Samun kawai 15-30 cm a tsawo, shi samar da kambi rarer na branchy, marsh-kore rassan tare da m madaidaiciya shawarwari. Wannan conifer yana da ikon ƙirƙirar tasirin musamman na lokacin farin ciki. Babban fasalin shi ne canza launin launi daga kore zuwa ja tare da sauyawa sauyawa daga sautin cone Berry.
Siffofin Creeping a gonar da ke girma zuwa 20 cm ba ga tsayi za a iya ƙidaya su Dwarf conifer, ko Ephedra dwarf (Ephedra minuta) tare da bakin ciki harbe na sabo, sautin duhu Emerald da 'ya'yan itace fleshy berries.
Epebra dwarf ko Ephedra dwarf (Ephedra minuta) 
Ephedra-iri-iri, ko Ephedra guda-iri (Ephedra monosperma). Fada. © ukininko 
Ephedra Gerardiana, ko Ephedra GerardHankali! Dokar Gwamnati ta Satumba 3, 2004 wakilai na halittar Khvoynik (Ephedra) suna cikin jerin tsire-tsire masu ɗauke da abubuwan narkewa wanda aka haramta don namo a cikin ofasar Tarayyar Rasha. A cikin Jamhuriyar Belarus, ana rarrabe ciyawa mai cin abinci a matsayin rukuni na abubuwan psychotropic waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin ikon hukuma.
Amfani da conifers a cikin aikin lambu na ado:
- a cikin shimfidar wuri;
- don misalta lokacin farin ciki daji da massifs;
- don ado da shimfidar wuraren shakatawa da shinge na dutse;
- don kan iyakoki a gaban lambunan dutse;
- don sauƙaƙa raƙuman ruwa, dusar ƙanƙara a cikin kayan ado;
- azaman lafazin rubutu a cikin ƙirar zamani (saboda zane mai ƙyalli da ke fitowa daga gefen kowane tsirrai);
- a matsayin tushen tsiro ko ƙasa gaba ɗaya.
Harshen zane ne na ephedra, wanda yayi kama da porcupine ga wani, ga wani - fur mai wuya, kuma ga wasu - kusan sandar dunes - babban kuma keɓantaccen fa'idar shuka.
Yin amfani da ephedra yana da iyaka iyakance ta abubuwan narcotic abubuwa, da namo da rarraba saboda ephedrine da doka ta haramta. Amma waɗannan halayen ba sa amfani da tsire-tsire guda ɗaya waɗanda aka girma kamar ornamental. Kuma jinsunan tare da mafi girman abun ciki na ephedrine ba a amfani da su a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi. Idan kuna son yin ado da rukunin yanar gizonku tare da shuka mai ban mamaki, ku sayi ora seedlingsan seedlings ko tsaba da aka shuka a matsayin shuka na ornamental a cikin nurseries, cibiyoyin lambu ko a nune-nunen, duba lasisi da takaddun shaida don haɓakar wannan amfanin gona.
Zabi na abokan don ephedra: hatsi na ado, cloves, junipers
Green conifer, Shayi na Mormon, Ephedra kore (Ephedra viridis). Gro Alex GroverYanayin da suka wajaba don conifer
Zaɓin yanayin girma na duka biyu babban isa da kuma ƙirar ephedra wanda aka ƙaddara shi bisa ga fifikon tsire-tsire, "an canza shi" daga daji kuma ba canzawa a cikin al'ada ba kwata-kwata. Duk ephedra sun saba da yanayin bushewa, dutse, ƙwanƙwasa, ƙasa mai hamada kuma kusan koyaushe zauna akan ƙasa mara kyau.
Ga duk conifers, musamman mai guda-iri, yana da mahimmanci don samar da wurin rana. Babban nau'ikan conifers na iya zuwa yanayin shimfida haske, amma mafi kyawun kayan kwalliyar dukkan conifers, ba tare da togiya ba, ana samun saiti ne kawai a wuraren da ke da mafi kyawun hasken da zai yiwu. Amma a gefe guda, conifers suna dacewa sosai tare da zane-zane, basa tsoron iska, kuma kar a nuna ɓarna na gurɓatar iska.
Ilasa don ephedra yana buƙatar ta musamman: wannan tsire-tsire yana son bushewa, ƙasa mai dafe sosai tare da amsawar alkaline. Yana da mahimmanci musamman don samar da ƙasa mai ma'ana don conifer mai ruɓi biyu, amma duk sauran ephedra ya kamata a dasa a cikin ƙasa tare da ƙarancin abubuwan lemun tsami. Lambatu don ephedra ba kawai ɗayan yanayin ado bane, amma muhimmin sashi na ƙasa. Don wannan ciyawar, ya zama dole don zaɓar irin waɗannan yanayi waɗanda a cikin ma ba su da maɓancin yiwuwar isowar ruwa na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Shan ruwa mai yawa ga dukkan nau'ikan coniferous ba tare da togiya ba shine mai mutuwa, gami da lokacin hunturu. Itatuwan bishiyoyin da ke cikin kwari suna jin daɗi a cikin ƙasa mai ƙarfi, cikin dutsen da ke cike da duwatsun duwatsu da lambun duwatsu. Idan an dasa ephedra a gadaje na fure ko ƙasa ta al'ada, sannan mai ƙarfi, an ɗora magudanar ruwa a ƙasan ramin dasa shuki.
Ephedra biyu-karu, ko Ephedra biyu-karu (Ephedra distachya). Mataki raspberries. Mag Neira Magic'BShuka dasa
Don ephedra, wurin saukar da wuri dole ne a shirya a gaba. Ya kamata a haƙa ƙasa sosai, a cire shi gaba ɗayan yankin girma na ephedra (tare da kewaye na rami na dasa) kuma a haɗe shi da yashi don inganta yanayin ruwa. Idan ƙasa ba ta da sako-sako, takin ya gauraye a ciki (cikakken cikakken gurbin abin da ake ciki ma zai yiwu). Ilsasa tare da lemun tsami ko acidic dauki lemun tsami, cimma kyakkyawan halaye. Don shuka, babban malalewa na ruwa (daga 15 zuwa 20 cm) dole ne a dage farawa a kasan ramin dasa shuki.
Ephedra abu ne mai filastik sosai dangane da dasa. Wannan shuka za a iya kawo wa lambun ku a cikin bazara, kuma a farkon kaka. A lokaci guda, ana ɗauka lokatai biyu da suka fi dacewa da conifer:
- daga tsakiyar Afrilu zuwa shekaru goma na uku na Mayu;
- daga shekaru goma na uku na Agusta zuwa 15 ga Satumba.
Dasa ephedra kanta ne da za'ayi bisa ga misali hanyoyin. Babban abu ba shine zurfafa wuyan tushe ba, wanda ya kamata ya kasance daidai da matsayin namu na baya. Ruwa bayan dasa ne da za'ayi dole, amma ba son mafi yawan tsire-tsire, amma rarraba ruwa tare da kewaye na dasa rami. A nan gaba, ephedra an ban ruwa don hanzarta karbuwa kawai a lokacin fari, yayin da rike guda m ban ruwa dabaru.
Ephedra na makoki a cikin lambun fure. Jimmy thomasKula da Ephedra
Ephedra suna da gaskiya cikin jerin ƙasashen da suka fi juriya, Hardy da tsire-tsire masu tsananin ƙarfi. Kulawa da su yana saukowa don kiyaye halayen ƙasa, gushewarta da ikon wucewa da ruwa.
Watering kamar yadda irin wannan ba a bukatar ephedra. Amma idan yanayin yana da zafi sosai, kuma babu ruwan sama don watanni a zahiri, to, tallafawa danshi zai taimaka wa shuka su samar da kyawawan furanni. Don ephedra, ba fiye da hanyoyin 2-3 na ruwa ana aiwatar da su ba, har ma kawai a lokacin bazara. Lokacin gudanar da danshi na ƙasa, kuna buƙatar yin hankali don kada ku zuba ruwa kai tsaye daga bushes, rarraba shi a kusa da kewaye, 15-20 cm daga bangarorin waje na turf.
A conifers ba zai bukatar hadi da kwatankwacin, ban da lokuta na namo a cikin ƙasa matalauta stony ƙasa ko bayyanannu alamun deterioration na fruiting. A wannan yanayin, sau ɗaya a shekara, a farkon bazara, takaddun takaddun ƙwayoyi, abubuwan kwastomomi ko abubuwan haɗin ma'adinai suna cikin ƙasa.
Amma babban batun kulawa don ephedra ya kasance kwance ƙasa. Na farko hanya ne da za'ayi da zaran kasar gona tausa a cikin bazara, ƙoƙarin fluff kasar gona, daidaita shi da mafi kyau ne sosai. Amma tun da inji yana da na sama tushen tsarin, loosening ya kamata a da za'ayi a hankali, m, tare gefen dasa rami, kuma ba kai tsaye a harbe. Idan baku so ku ɗaura nauyin kanku tare da kwance ƙasa a nan gaba, to, bayan sahun ruwa na bazara ya fi kyau a ciya da ƙasa. Don ephedra, yawanci suna amfani da allura, cakuda yashi tare da taki, amma sauran kayan shuka, kamar haushi, za'a iya amfani dasu. Maimaita loosening a wannan yanayin za a iya za'ayi daya kawai more lokaci - a cikin fall, bayan an gama fruiting. Idan ba a yin amfani da mulching ba, to, dole ne a maimaita hanyar da ake saran ƙasa a kowane wata.
Kwancen hunturu
Duk ephedra baya tsoron sanyi. Ba kamar rigar, babban zafi hade da sanyi. A wuraren da akwai haɗarin jinkirin narkewa, ruwa a cikin hunturu, zai fi kyau samar da matattarar kariya ta kariya ga ephedra. Amma idan kun zaɓi yanayin da ya dace kuma aka aza magudanar, to, shiri don hunturu na iya ragewa zuwa ƙarshen mulching na ƙasa bayan narkar da kaka. Don kare mulching na kaka, yi amfani da kayan shuka kawai bushe.
Ephedra Daurian, ko Ephedra na Sinanci. © HEN-MagonzaKwaro da Cututtuka
Ephedra na iya fama da cutar guda ɗaya kawai - rot yayin ruwa. Karin kwari da sauran matsalolin aikin lambu ba su tsoron su.
Ephedra kiwo
Babban hanyoyin yaduwa na conifers ana ɗaukar ciyayi. A cikin bazara, za a iya raba tushen tushen tsire-tsire, amma rabuwarsu, da rayuwa mafi nisa, na buƙatar haƙuri. Tushen sprouts rabu da babban daji suna taqaitaccen to kututture 10-15 cm tsayi, dasa a nesa of 10 cm daga juna a cikin ramuka kai tsaye a wurin ci gaba nan gaba kuma, tare da na yau da kullum watering, suna kafe a ƙarƙashin hula ko fim. Hanyar mafi sauƙi mafi sauki shine yankan a watan Agusta rabin-lignified cuttings. Suna iya kafe a cikin cakuda yashi, peat da lambun lambun a cikin gidan sanyi.
Yawancin conifers suna yaduwa ta hanyar shuka iri a cikin bazara. Germination yana ɗaukar jimlar wata 1, baya buƙatar sassauci. Zai fi dacewa a shuka shuki a cikin gidajen kore ko kananan wucin gadi. Zurfin tsaba bai kamata ya wuce 2-3 cm ba, ya kamata a kiyaye ƙasa sosai dan kadan, amma ba tare da sanya ruwa ba.
