Ana samun takin zamani na mutane akan kantuna na shagunan lambun, buƙatuwar su tana karuwa kowace shekara, amma ba kowa ne ya taɓa jin labarinsu ba, haka nan kuma mutane ƙalilan ne suka san game da kayan aikinsu da amfaninsu. Bari muyi magana game da wannan nau'in taki dalla-dalla a yau. Babban abin da wannan takin ya kasance abu ne mai santsi, wanda aka samo shi sakamakon bazuwar wasu ƙwayoyin halitta na halitta ƙarƙashin yanayin da keɓaɓɓen iskar oxygen. Tsarin humates abu ne mai sauki kuma mai sauƙin fahimta: ya dogara ne da ƙarfin babban abu don narke cikin acid ko alkali.
Tsarin takin ɗan adam tsinkaye ne na asali.
Daban-daban na Humates
A haƙiƙa babu dayawa daga cikinsu: waɗannan sune masu sanyin jiki (ba za'a iya magana ba), humic acid (mai narkewa tare da acid na matsakaici a cikin raka'a biyu) da fulvic acid (suna narkewa tare da kowane acid na matsakaici). Duk wannan yawanci ana amfani dashi azaman tushen masana'antar akan sikelin mafi yawan mahimmancin abubuwan abinci mai gina jiki na tsirrai, watau takin zamani.
Af, sunan "humates" ko "takin ƙasa humic" ya samo asali ne daga mafi kusanci ga dukkan mu - "humus", wanda a cikin fassarar yana nufin "ƙasa". Daga sunan yana biye da cewa mutates ya dace a koma zuwa abubuwan haɗin kai kaɗai, waɗanda sune, abubuwan tsarin ƙasa.
Yawan abubuwa masu narkewa a cikin ƙasa, yawanci zuwa mafi girma a cikin tsarinta na haihuwa, zai iya kaiwa zuwa 94 har ma da kashi 96%. A lokaci guda, ana samun babban adadin abubuwa na humic a cikin peat, daga 50 zuwa 73% daga cikinsu.
A bayyane yake cewa, kasancewa abubuwan gina jiki na ƙasa, abubuwa masu rai ba zasu iya kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan ci gaba na yau da kullun na ci gaban kowace halitta shuka. Atesan Adam ya inganta da haɓaka ƙasa tare da abinci mai gina jiki, haɓaka ruwa da haɓakar iska, kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga daidaituwa da haɓaka ayyukan da ke hade da yaduwar ƙasa microflora mai amfani.
Yin ma'amala tare da takaddun sunadarai daban-daban a cikin ƙasa, takin humm ya juya su cikin mahallin da ake samu don tsirrai. Yawancin lokaci, takin zamani na humic yana inganta haɓaka ta tsire-tsire na abubuwa kamar N, K da P, shine, ainihin abubuwan da suka dace don haɓaka al'ada da haɓaka kowane ƙwayar shuka.
Bugu da kari, ana nuna humates, a kashin gaske, ta wani fasali na musamman: sun sami damar daure nau'ikan karafa masu nauyi har ma da wasu abubuwa na rediyo, idan wani, a cikin kasa, kuma juya su cikin mahadi wadanda basa iya zuwa tushen tsirar da tsire-tsire, sabili da haka, abubuwa masu cutarwa basa shiga 'ya'yan itatuwa da berries , kuma, gwargwadon haka, ga jikin mu.
Tushen tsire-tsire masu girma tare da humates (hagu) kuma ba tare da su ba (dama).
Abun da takin gargajiya ke bayarwa
A mafi yawancin halayen, hadewar wadannan takin, ban da mahimmin abubuwan, shima ya hada da humate potassium ko sodium humate. Bugu da kari, wadannan takin mai magani kusan koda yaushe a “karfafa” wani dumbin abubuwa na ma'adinai, musamman ma wajibi ne ga tsire-tsire yayin ci gaban farko, da kuma lokacin 'ya'yan itatuwa da berries. Wadannan abubuwan sunadaran daga peat, da kuma sapropel da sauran mahadi na halitta.
Baya ga halaye masu kyau da aka bayyana a sama, takin zamani na humic na iya saurin shuka iri kuma yana ƙaruwa da haɓakar ƙwayar su, kuma a cikin yanayin shuka, za su iya ƙara girman garkuwar matasa kuma hakan zai sa su tsayayya da matsananciyar damuwa iri daban-daban yayin dasawa da yayin haɓaka haɓaka ko akasin haka ƙananan zafin jiki na iska, tare da rashi ko wuce haddi na danshi da sauran yanayin muhalli mara kyau.
Bugu da kari, takin zamani na humic na iya taka rawar karfafawa game da ayyukan ci gaba. Misali, an lura cewa idan har an shuka tsiran kore a jikinsu kafin a dasa shi a cikin kore, to kuwa adadin tushen samuwar zai yi matukar girma (har zuwa kashi 50 cikin dari a cikin amfanin gona mai kauri, alal misali, irgi), kuma tushen tsarin da kansa zai samar akan tsiron mafi karfi.
Lokacin da ake amfani da takin ƙasa na humic azaman kayan sakawa na foliar, i.e., ta hanyar feshin tsire-tsire, haɓaka haɓakar aikin su, karuwa a cikin aikin fure da haɓakawa game da tsirrai na tsirrai, kazalika da raguwa mai yawa cikin haɗarin tara nitrates da sauran abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, berries da tushen amfanin gona an lura.
Yawancin takin ƙasa na humic ruwa ne mai narkewa mai ruwa wanda ke da launin toka-baki kuma wani lokacin ma launi baki kawai. Lokacin da aka narkarda hankalin, shine, lokacin ƙirƙirar maganin aiki da ake amfani dashi don kula da tsirrai ko amfani dashi ga ƙasa, yawanci yakan sami launin ruwan kasa.
A halin yanzu, ban da ruwa, ana samar da humates ta hanyar manna ko foda (granules). Ya kamata ku sani cewa kaddarorin irin waɗannan abubuwan iri ɗaya ne, kuma bai kamata ku ɗauka cewa bushewar taki humic ɗin yafi tasiri fiye da ruwa. A zahiri, yana da fa'ida mafi girma don sayan takin zamani na humic na ruwa, saboda shirye-shiryen samar da aiki a wannan yanayin zai ɗauki minutesan mintuna. Idan yakamata ayi, kuma, gwargwadon haka, siyayya, da sufuri na manyan batutuwan takin zamani, yafi fa'ida don siyan su ta bushe bushe (foda ko granules).
Kuma kar a manta cewa ana iya amfani da takin zamani na humic, a maimakon haka, azaman ƙarin riguna na sama, wanda ya dace da haɗe da babban miya. Kawai a wannan yanayin yana yiwuwa a cimma cikakkiyar ma'anar ta tsire-tsire na abubuwa iri daban-daban da kuma cikakkun ci gaban su. Ganin yadda aka gabatar da takin zamani, lallai ne a dan rage kadan daga cikin takin zamani.
Amfani da takan ba da tabbacin takin zamani na humic shine cikakken jituwa da keɓaɓɓen mahaɗan sunadarai, gami da nau'ikan takin gargajiya, har da magungunan kashe kwari da magunguna.
Da takin gargajiya na ɗan adam yana taɓar da haɓakar ayyukan tsirrai.
Aikace-aikacen lambu da kayan amfanin gona
Kamar yadda muka rigaya muka nuna, godiya ga amfanin takin zamani, yana yiwuwa a sami haɓakar tsaba da haɓaka yawan tsiro.
Tsarin takin ɗan adam ya dace da wadatar da kowane nau'in ƙasa kuma don takin yawancin albarkatu, musamman waɗanda ke tsiro a cikin ƙasa mai gurɓataccen yumɓu. Aikace-aikacen takin gargajiya na humic an ba da shawarar musamman lokacin dasa shuki, lokacin da ake yin ɗimbin yawa a lokacin girma, kazalika a ƙarshen lokacin sanyi da lokacin bazara na gida inda ciyawar ruwa ba koyaushe take isa ko ya isa ba.
Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da maganin 0.1% na taki humic azaman miya foliar, kuma ana iya amfani da maganin 0.2% na wannan abu don aikace-aikacen ƙasa. Babban abu - lokacin da aka ba da hankali ga takin ƙasa na humic, ya zama dole a yi amfani da ruwa a zazzabi a ɗakin, ba ƙasa da digiri +15 ba, amma ba ya fi digiri +40 ba. Takaitaccen takin ɗan adam (ba tare da laka) zai iya narkewa cikin ruwa mai laushi, watau ruwan sama, daskarewa ko zama.
A kan albarkatun kayan lambu (musamman a cikin rigar yanayi), taki humic na iya rage haɗarin cututtukan kamar rot, blight late, scab, da kuma sauran rukuni na sauran cututtukan fungal da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Cikakkun bayanai game da amfanin takin zamani na amfanin gona, a karanta.
Kokwamba, squash, zucchini
Amma ga waɗannan albarkatu na kayan lambu, yana halatta a yi amfani da takin zamani daga ƙarƙashinsu a cikin kullun, da bi, a kowane matakai na ci gaban waɗannan tsirrai. Amfani mafi girma ana iya ganuwa lokacin da ake amfani da takin zamani akan lokacin sanyi ko a cikin shekarun rigar sosai, shine, a lokacin lokacin da bashi da kyau wanda zai haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Soarfafa jiyya tare da takin zamani na humic da tsaba, alal misali, soya a cikin 0.05% bayani yayin rana, abu ne mai karɓuwa sosai. Bayan wannan soaking, a matsayin mai mulkin, saurin ƙwayar shuka yana ƙaruwa, aikin seedling yana aiki, seedlings suna girma sosai kuma sun sami karɓuwa ga cututtuka daban-daban. Fasaha na girbi iri na wadannan albarkatun dole tilas ne ya hada da bushewa bayan soya da tsiro ta hanyoyin gargajiya.
Yayin haɓaka da haɓakar seedlings na waɗannan albarkatun gona, yana halatta a gabatar da 0.1% na takin ƙasa na humic a cikin ƙasa a kashi 250-300 g a kowace murabba'in murabba'in. Godiya ga takin ƙasa, wannan hanyar, an rage adadin “undercatch” (ƙanana, raunanan seedlings), haka kuma juriya na seedlings zuwa ƙwayar baƙar fata, kuma ana iya samun kurakurai cikin kulawar seedling.
Za a iya canza kayan miya a cikin ƙasa tare da kayan miya na saman foliar, alal misali, takin ƙasa sau ɗaya a mako, kuma a gaba, mako mai zuwa, kuma sau ɗaya, fesa tsire-tsire tare da taki a cikin taro ɗaya, amma ciyarwa kusan 25-30 g na bayani ga kowace shuka .
Zai taimaka wajen rage adadin "furannin furanni" tare da maganin 0.1% na taki humic na waɗannan tsire-tsire yayin budada. Bayan sarrafa tsire-tsire tare da takin zamani na humic, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana kafa ƙarin igneda fruitsan itace masu daidaituwa, kuma 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, waɗanda ba su da tushe don nau'ikan, ko dai ba su wanzu ko adadinsu yana ƙanana (ba fiye da 1%).
Lokacin aiki da cucumbers a cikin shekaru masu arziki a cikin ruwa sama sosai, ana iya ƙara rabin abin da aka ba da izinin kisan ƙwaya ga shiri, don haka ana iya aiwatar da hanyoyin kariya ga mildew powdery.
Tumatir, eggplant, barkono, dankali
Waɗannan albarkatun gona suna ba da amsa ga aikace-aikacen takin zamani. Ganin cewa tsire-tsire suna da matukar bukatar a gaban isasshen adadin potassium da nitrogen a cikin ƙasa, takin ƙasa na humic zai taimaka wajen haɓaka ƙimar waɗannan abubuwan ta hanyar tushen. Tare da takin zamani na humic na waɗannan albarkatun gona, yana da mahimmanci don ƙara wasu takin na potash, saboda suna buƙatar potassium sosai, musamman tumatir.
Bayar da hadadden takin zamani, lokacin amfani da su, yana da kyau a rage kashi na takin zamani da rabi, musamman takin nitrogen da phosphorus.
Hakanan yana yiwuwa a fara amfani da takin zamani na humic dangane da waɗannan albarkatu tare da iri-shuka. Tsaba suna soyayyen taki na 0.05% na humic na tsawon awanni 24, bayan wannan sun halatta su fara shuka ba tare da bushewa ba. Akingaukar da tsaba daga cikin waɗannan albarkatu a cikin maganin takin ƙasa na humic zai ba ku damar hanzarin haɓarsu ta kwanaki 2-3, daɗa yawan tsiro tare da rage yawan tsire-tsire da ke haifar da tsarin tushen rauni.
Kafin dasa shuki, ana iya bi da shi da 0.1% humic taki, yana kashe 35-40 g na bayani ga kowace shuka. Irin waɗannan seedlings, a matsayin mai mulkin, basu da lafiya bayan dasawa kuma suna motsawa da sauri zuwa girma.
A nan gaba, a farkon “fatliquoring” na harbe, ya zama dole don dakatar da aikace-aikacen takin ƙasa na humic a ƙarƙashin tushen kuma gudanar da kayan miya kawai, wato, fesa tsire-tsire kansu.
A halin yanzu, ban da ruwa, ana samar da humates ta hanyar manna ko foda (granules).
Masara, Sunflower, wake
Sakamakon amfani da takin zamani na humic na waɗannan tsire-tsire yawanci kusan ba shi yiwuwa ne. Abun lura ne idan kayi amfani da takin zamani na humic kuma ka kula da tsire-tsire masu rauni, tare da jiƙa kayan abu kafin shuka (0.1% taki na awa 24).
Itatuwa
Dangane da amfanin gona na itace, ya dace a yi amfani da takin takin zamani ba tare da asalinsu ba, sai dai kayan miya na sama, wato, sarrafa ganyen ganye. A wannan yanayin, za a iya ƙara yawan maida hankali zuwa 1%. Bishiyoyi sun ba da amsa mafi kyau ga miya ta sama tare da takin zamani na peat-humic.
Godiya ga kayan kwalliya na saman foliar tare da takin zamani na humic, yawan adadin ƙwayoyin kwayoyi a cikin amfanin gona na itace yana ƙaruwa, yawanci da kashi 25-30%, yakan karu kaɗan. Ba lallai ba ne don aiwatar da magani guda ɗaya, don sakamako mafi girma, yana da kyau a aiwatar da aiki har zuwa farkon girbi, kula da tsire-tsire sau ɗaya kowace ranakun 20-25, fara daga lokacin da ake farawa.
Abin yarda ne sosai, kuma a yanayin saukan raunana seedlings, an bada shawarar sosai akan amfani da takin zamani na humic a rami lokacin dasa seedlings a ciki duka damina da damina. Anan kuna buƙatar amfani da ingantattun allurai na takin (5-10%) kuma ku zuba lita biyu zuwa uku na irin wannan maganin a cikin kowane rami. To, da zaran seedling form ganye ruwan wukake, foliar saman miya (0.1-0.2% bayani) za a iya za'ayi a ko'ina cikin girma kakar.
Amfani da takin ƙasa na humic akan ƙasa mai gurɓatacciyar karafa da ƙarfe da sauran abubuwan sunadarai ta halalta. Amfani da su zai ba da damar matakin adadin abubuwan cutarwa a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa har ma da inganta dandano.
Shayarwa
Matsakaicin tasirin takin ƙasa da ke da alaƙa da ciyawa ana samun su ta amfani da su azaman ƙaruwa a jure ire-iren ire-irensu zuwa ƙarshen sanyi lokacin sanyi. Tasirin foliar saman miya tare da bayani na 0.5% na taki humic akan currants, gooseberries, kuma zuwa ƙarancin ƙarancin kan sauran bishiyoyi an tabbatar.
A sosai farko magani ya dace a farkon spring, da zaran da buds fara Bloom. A wannan lokacin, ana iya amfani da takin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tushen, rarraba kusan 5-6 lita na 0.1% bayani a cikin yankin kusa-bakin. Bayan amfani da wannan takin, yana da kyau a shayar da ƙasa, kuma idan kuna son komai ya zama cikakke, to kafin a yi amfani da takin, a kwance ƙasa, sannan ruwa, sannan kuma ciyawa tare da humus - santimita santimita ɗaya.
Tare da haɓakar al'ada na shrubs, ba za a iya amfani da takin mai magani ba kafin fure, amma a wannan lokacin ya kamata a sa su a cikin allurai iri ɗaya kamar na sama. Bayan haka zaku iya ciyar da shuki a lokacin samuwar ovaries da lokacin karshe - a cikin kaka, kafin ganye su fadi.
Furanni
Ana amfani da takin zamani na dan adam zuwa amfanin gona na fure domin ya kara kwarjinin tsirrai, ya sanya lokacin fure kuma ya samar da karin fure. Ciyawar filayen fure a cikin tukwane ana shayar da takin 0.05% domin su ci gaba da ƙarfi kuma zasu iya jure ko da jinkirin sufuri don dasawa a shafin.
Bugu da kari, ana iya amfani da wannan takin lokacin yada ciyawar fure (misali, wardi) tare da kore kore. A saboda wannan, kafin dasa shuki a cikin cuttings a cikin wani greenhouse rufe da fim, yana da Dole sanya su bayan yankan a cikin wani 0.5% taki bayani tsaye, sabõda haka, na uku daga cikin cuttings suna immersed a cikin abun da ke ciki. Jiƙa cuttings na iya zama daga awanni 12 zuwa 24, yawanci ana warmer a cikin ɗakin da ake tsinke ƙwayayen, lokacin soya ya zama ƙasa, don haka, a + 30 ° C 12 awanni sun isa, a + 15 ° C yana ɗaukar awanni 24.
Kari akan haka, a cikin takin taki humus din 0.25%, zaku iya jike kwararan fitila da tubers kafin dasa shuki, wannan yana bayar da gudummawa ga karin girma na tsirrai da furanninsu na farko (daga kwanaki 3-4 zuwa mako daya da rabi). Bugu da kari, soya tubers na awa daya a cikin irin wannan maganin yana rage yiwuwar rot ta hanyar 70%.Idan kanaso ka rage yiwuwar rubewa da kashi 95%, to sai ka ƙara kowane da aka ba da izinin kashe guba a cikin maganin.
Wannan shi ne abin da muke so mu ba da labarin takin gargajiya, idan dai wani abu bai bayyana muku ba ko kuna da tambayoyi, a rubuce a cikin sharhin, za mu amsa musu da yardar rai.
