Kula da broccoli da girma a karkara

M gina jiki da lafiya broccoli a cikin bayyanar kama da farin kabeji, amma ya bambanta a launi, dandano da tsari na inflorescences a kai. Kyakkyawan samfurin abinci yana da sauƙin girma a cikin gona tare da hannuwanku, amfanin ga jiki kawai yana ƙaruwa idan ba ku cika shi da takin mai magani ba.

Ba a gabatar da nau'in broccoli ta yanayi ba, amma sakamakon aikin shayarwa ne a farkon ƙarni na 6-7 BC a cikin kasashen Rum. Wannan nau'in bishiyar bishiyar asparagus an horar da ita tsawon ƙarni a cikin tsohuwar Roma, tana faɗuwa fiye da iyakokin Italiya ƙarni bayan gabatarwar ta cikin Byzantium, daga inda ake jigilar ƙwayar bishiyoyi a duniya. Sunan broccoli yana ɗauka daga yaren mutanen Italiyanci na asalin, wanda ke nufin "fure reshen kabeji". Bayan yadawa a duniya, ana kiransa asparagus na Italiya, kuma Jamusawa suna ba shi lakabi da launin ruwan kasa.

M abubuwan abinci mai gina jiki

Theimar abinci mai gina jiki na samfurin yana sanya shi a kan tebur tare da abinci mai gina jiki, irin su nama. Cikakken sunadarai masu dumbin yawa da zare mai yawa, wadanda suke wani bangare na kabeji suna taimakawa ga hanzarin jijiyoyin jiki, abubuwa suna iya rushewa cikin hanzari. Na gode high a cikin bitamin U, samfurin yana gwagwarmaya yaƙi da ulcer, duodenal miki da colitis.

Broccoli yana nuna tasirin antioxidant a cikin jiki, saboda ikon ɗaure tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma ya kawo su waje jikin mutum. Wannan fasalin yana sanya shuka zama ɗaya daga cikin sanannun samfuran samfuran da ke nema a kasuwar Turai. Kayan lambu suna samun karbuwa sosai a matsayin cikakken kayan abinci mai inganci.

• Ta hanyar abun ciki na ascorbic acid (bitamin C), broccoli ya mamaye ɗayan manyan matsayi tsakanin samfuran shuka. Jiki yana karɓar ƙwayar kwayar cuta ta yau da kullun, idan mutum ya ci kayan lambu 100 g kawai, wannan ya isa don tallafawa rigakafin jikin mutum.
• Babban abun da ke cikin alli (4.5%) na kara karfin kashin kasusuwa, yana magance matsalar rashin jijiyoyi, kuma yana inganta ci gaban gashi da kusoshi.
• Vitamin A yana kara hangen nesa da kuma inganta yanayin fata, yana dauke da kashi 12.5 cikin kabeji.
• Iron, wanda ya ƙunshi 4.5% a cikin samfurin, yana haɓaka haemoglobin, yana rage coagulation jini, ta hakan yana warkar da jijiyoyin bugun jini.
• Bayan waɗannan mahimman bitamin a cikin broccoli, ana samun bitamin B1, B2, B6, K, folic acid, amino acid.
• Potassium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, selenium, baƙin ƙarfe, zinc, manganese da sauran abubuwan da aka gano suna sanya kayan lambu ainihin zakara tsakanin samfuran lafiya.

Abincin abinci

100 g na broccoli ya ƙunshi 0.3 g na mai, wannan adadin yana sanya shi cikin samfuran abinci da yawa don asarar nauyi. Ganyayyaki ba ya ƙunshi kitse mai cike da sinadari, mai cike da sinadarai, da ƙoshin abinci. Abubuwan kalori na adadin da aka nuna shine adadin kuzari 34.2 k / adadin kuzari. Carbohydrates yana sama da kashi 2.2%, fiber yana cikin adadin 10.3%, sunadarai - 10.4%.

Boyayyiyar dafaffun boyayye, soyayyen da salted salted yana zama sananne a cikin yawancin abincin da ake da niyya don rage nauyin jiki. Tare da abinci mai cin ganyayyaki, an haɗa shi cikin jita-jita da yawa. Saboda mahimmancin abun ciki na beta-carotene (provitamin A), kayan lambu ya zama ba makawa ga abincin kiwon lafiya, wanda aka yi amfani dashi a cikin kayan kwalliya, azaman abincin kyakkyawa.

Tsanani a yi amfani

Likitocin ba su ba da shawarar dafa tare da broccoli don maganin gastritis tare da babban acidity. Har ila yau, ƙwayar cutar mara lafiya ba ta karɓar wannan samfurin ba, ƙara yawan acidity na kayan lambu yana haifar da rikitarwa na cutar. Ba za ku iya amfani da decoction ba wanda aka dafa kabeji don dafa abinci, wani adadin cutarwa mai guanine ya shiga ciki, wanda ke haifar da guba mai rauni na jiki.

Iri daban-daban na broccoli

Wani nau'in broccoli wanda ba'a saba dashi ba, wanda aka kirkira ta hanyar adadin kayan lambu wanda aka shirya a karkace, yana sanya shi shahara tsakanin masu cin kasuwa. Kowane nau'in kabeji ya bambanta a launi, yawa da yawan amfanin ƙasa.

Matakan farko

Vitamin iri-iri yana nufin farkon ripening, saboda amfanin gona an girbe kwana 75-92 daga bayyanar seedlings. Yana buƙatar tsaftacewa da sauri, tunda shugabannin kabeji sun wuce gona da iri a kan gado da sauri kwance kuma su sami bayyanar mara kasuwa. A rarrabe shi ne bambanta da wani cikakken koren launi na fi, inflorescences tam rufe kara. Shugaban da aka toya yana da nauyin gram 120-260, yankan ɗan itacen tsakiyar baya ya daina fitar da amfanin, bayan wannan kawunan akan rassan na ƙarshen yayi girma.

-Aramin samar da gwaggwabar riba mai ba da lasisin farko Laser F1. Manyan kawuna masu nauyin kilogram, m, kore. A iri sosai Hardy, ba ji tsoron mummunan yanayin yanayi, yana yiwuwa a yi girma cikin jinsin a yanayin zafi low day.

Yawan nau'in Curly shine ɗayan farko na farko da ke bearinga fruita fruita fruitan watanni uku bayan fitowar ta a farfajiya. Ana nuna shi ta hanyar hauhawar tsohuwar shuɗewa bayan yanka na farko na tayi. Kyakkyawan iri don girma a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, a hankali tsayayya da cututtukan halayyar broccoli. Bambanci a cikin lokacin ajiya ba tare da lalacewa ba.

Wani farkon ripening Kaisar iri iri tare da mai kyau yawan amfanin ƙasa. An adana shi sosai bayan tarin, yana tsayayya da yanayin da kuma hari na matafila, mai duhu mai ruwan kabeji yayi nauyi daga gram 650 zuwa 1000.

Don farkon ripening iri, ban da manyan na kowa, sun hada da sunayen:

• Vyarus, launi mai launin toka-kore, yana da matsakaicin matsakaici, ganye mai kumburi ya samar da rodoti a kwance, yana da kyakkyawan dandano;
• Green Sprouting m daidaito, resistant iri;
• Sarkin F1 ya balaga a rana ta 80, manyan shuffuka masu duhu wadanda suka yi nauyi har gram 1000 kuma suna da siffofi masu kyau;
• Comanche - iri-iri ne da ke tsayayya da haɓaka a cikin ilimin da kuma yanayin sanyi, daidai yake ba da amfanin gona, ba tare da la'akari da yanayin ba;
• Corvent F1 blooms sosai da wuri kuma yana ba da girbi na kwanaki 75-80, kawunan varietal suna kore tare da inuwa mai launin toka, wanda ba shi da ma'ana don kulawa, ya girma ba tare da weeding da thinning ba;
• Summee King, lokacin da aka girma a cikin yanayin sanyi, yana ba shugabannin kabeji daga baya, yana da ingantaccen amfanin ƙasa;
• Yawancin Fiesta suna kawo 'ya'yan itatuwa masu daɗi; lokacin da aka girma cikin yanayi mara kyau, ba ya haɓaka rassan a ƙarshen.

Tsarin tsakar-kaka

Zuwa tsakiyar tsakiyar nau'in sun hada da irin kabeji, ripening a ranar 90-105 bayan fitowan sama da ƙasa:

• tsakiyar-kakar iri-iri Gnome tare da karamin kai, wanda bai fi nauyin gram 500 ba, ya samar da rassa tare da sabbin 'ya'yan itatuwa wadanda nauyinsu ya kai gram 200, namo yana faruwa a yanayi na al'ada kuma a yanayin zafin sanyi;
• nau'in Calabrese mai yawa mai tsini ya kai gram 400 kuma ana girma cikin yanayin sanyi;
• Linda tana da ɗanɗano mai ban mamaki, 'ya'yan itace masu launin kore-kore masu nauyin 300-450, suna haifar da yawan shugabannin gefen;
• Matsayin Monterey shine mafi kusantar zama tsakiyar marigayi iri, yana da wani sabon abu mai santsi a saman shugaban launin toka-koren launi, ria rian itace cikakke daga 500 zuwa 1900 gram, yana haɓaka da kyau kuma yana girma a cikin yanayin yanayi mai rauni, baya kafa rassa bayan pruning na farko koli;

Late cikakke broccoli

Waɗannan sun haɗa da nau'ikan kabeji, waɗanda za a iya yanka kawunan su bayan kwana 110-115, namowar su ya zama ruwan dare fiye da farkon cikakke da na tsakiyar-ripening:

• Marigayi iri-iri na zamani iri daban-daban tare da bututun mai da yawa na kai, kore mai haske, wanda nauyinsa ya kai giram 550, yana da dandano mai kyau;
• marigayi iri-iri Lucky F1 ya kawo amfanin gona daga baya sama da kwanaki 110, fruiting yana daɗewa, shuka yana jure wa mummunan yanayi.
• Marathon F1 yana da babban kai, yana da nauyi har 1 kg da safa mai tsayi.

Shuka seedlings

Don girma broccoli, mafi kyawun lokaci shine farkon Maris. Suna dasa kayan lambu a cikin sharuddan da yawa, game da shi forming m fruiting. Idan an tsara tsakiyar tsakiyar Afrilu ko Mayu a matsayin lokacin shuka, to ana shuka iri a cikin ƙasa kuma kada kuyi amfani da seedlings.

Kafin girma seedlings kula da iri jiyya. Da farko, ana aiwatar da rarrabuwa, rarrabe manyan, samfurori masu yiwuwa. Tsaba suna soyayye a cikin maganin potassium permanganate na sa'a daya, sake sake tsomawa a cikin kayan haɓaka mai haɓaka, sannan a iska a cikin iska har sai bushe-bushe. Tsarin tsaba ana kula da su ta hanyar karɓar germination, da ƙananan harbe suna haɓaka mafi kyau. A cikin akwati dabam mai fili, ana binne tsaba a cikin ƙasa 1 cm. Ana shayar da 'ya'yan itace tare da takin mai magani da ke dauke da molybdenum da sulfur.

Bayan ganye na biyar ya bayyana a kan tsiro na fure, ana dasa shuki a hankali cikin ƙasa, gwargwadon lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa ya zo daidai da farkon watan Mayu ko ƙarshen watan Afrilu. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa mai kyau-soaked. Idan akwai barazanar sanyi a lokacin sanyi, kabeji zai yi haƙuri da su da mutunci, tunda kusan dukkan nau'ikan ba sa jin tsoron ƙananan yanayin lokacin da suka yi girma. An dasa tsire-tsire a cikin gado a nesa da 50-55 cm daga juna tsakanin layuka da 30 cm a cikin unguwa.

Shuka broccoli kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa

Lokacin da aka shuka shi a cikin ƙasa, ana shuka iri dabam dabam da juna kamar guda ga seedlings, ba tare da ɓarnatar da shuka ba, cunkoson yana haifar da amfanin talauci da rauni. Kada a binne tsaba sama da 2 cm a cikin ƙasa, wanda aka jika shi da jike. Bayan ban ruwa, kowane iri da aka shuka an rufe shi da kwandon filastik wanda aka yanke zuwa 5 l. Suna tsabtace shi a yayin kowane fure 4-5 ganye girma.

Watering tsirrai

Duk nau'in kabeji suna son ƙasa mai laushi da broccoli babu togiya. Ruwa da kayan lambu a cikin rana, idan ba zai yiwu a kasance a kan shafin ba, to, ana shayar da tsire aƙalla sau ɗaya a mako. Mafi cin nasara don haɓaka shine tsawan ruwa da damana. Ana yin ruwa a maraice, lokacin da rana take ɓoye bayan sararin samaniya, in ba haka ba ganyayyaki suna ƙuna. A ranakun girgije ba tare da rana ba, ruwa a ranar ko tsiron tsire-tsire.

Ciyar da abinci

Kulawa da broccoli ya shafi matakai biyu na takin zamani na tsawon lokacin tsiro. Manyan riguna na zamani sune sharadin kamfani da shuka amfanin gona mai albarka. 'Ya'yan itace, waɗanda aka dasa a ƙasa, a karo na farko ciyar bayan kwanaki 14-15, don taki amfani da maganin taki (mullein). Oneauki gilashi ɗaya ko gram 200 na taki da lita 10 na ruwa, ƙara teaspoon na urea. Tsire-tsire suna girma kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa, suna ciyar da farkon lokacin kawai 20-21 kwanaki bayan fitowar seedlings sama da ƙasa.

Ana yin riguna na biyu na sama tare da bayani na takin mai magani na potassium-phosphorus, wanda aka narkar da shi bisa ga umarnin kayan aiki. Wannan matakin aikace-aikacen taki ba a batar dashi ba, saboda rashin phosphorus, shugabannin kabeji sun yi kadan. Ana amfani da takin na biyu kwanaki 15-21 bayan na farko. Idan kayi wani ciyar a ƙarshen bazara, to gwada ƙoƙarin ƙara ƙarancin nitrogen, tuna cewa rashin phosphorus da potassium yana shafar yawan amfanin ƙasa. Zai fi dacewa mu sayi takin da aka yi da kuzari a cikin shagunan na musamman.

Broccoli weeding

Kula da bushes yana buƙatar akai weeding da loosening na ƙasa. Bayan kowace ruwa, yana da izini don sassauta ƙasa a kusa da shuka, lokaci guda cire ciyayi marasa amfani. Cire sosai cire duk wani abu mai kama da bishiyoyi mai guba, tunda ba a yarda da pollinating broccoli tare da wasu gungun kabeji ba. Waɗannan sun haɗa da jakar colza da jakar makiyayi. Tsarin zazzabi mai dacewa don haɓaka mai kyau ana ɗauka ya zama 15-25 ° C. Idan sanyi ya faru, to, an ba da izinin kwarara na ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma zafin jiki bai faɗi ƙasa -5 ° C ba. Idan akwai barazanar sanyaya sanyi, to, busheshen kabeji a da, yana dacewa da hasashen, an rufe shi don dumama.

Yin girki da girbi

Lokacin yanke kawunan ya dogara ne da damuwar iri iri, lokacin dasawa da kula da shuka. Girbi ba zai yi jinkiri ba har abada. Idan tayin tsakiya ba a yanka a lokaci, to, rassan gefen ba da ƙarin shugabannida furanni tare da samarda kwayoyi masu zuwa (fure tare da tsaba). Idan har ba a rasa sharuɗɗa don yankan tsakiyar shugaban ba, to, an yanke sababbin 'ya'yan itaciyar ƙananan diamita da nauyi bayan makonni biyu. Adana kawunan kabeji ba tare da dafa abinci na dogon lokaci. An cire su na tsawan kwanaki 10 kafin dafa abinci ko daskararre.

Sakamakon haka, zamu iya cewa girma da kulawa da broccoli baya buƙatar ƙoƙari mai yawa, musamman tunda a sama an sayi kayan lambu mai daɗin rai, mai lafiya da lafiya.