Kowane mai lambu a cikin dacha lallai yana da kusurwa na ganye na magani, tsire-tsire waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin magani bisa ga sananniyar girke-girke. Ofaya daga cikin irin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na iya zama mai girman elecampane (elecampane talakawa, Inula helenium) ko, kamar yadda kuma ake kiranta - rawaya, makiyaya aman, hawayen Elena, zuciyar Elena, Oman, divosil, elecampane, da dai sauransu.
Plantsaya daga cikin tsirrai da tsire-tsire na gandun elecampane sune ɓangare na dangin asters kuma suna keɓance asalin halittar "elecampane." Akwai nau'ikan elecampane sama da 100 a cikin abubuwan halittar, wanda kusan 30 ke girma a cikin yanayin halitta a Rasha. Elecampane na yau da kullun a cikin Federationungiyar Rasha shine babban elecampane, wanda ke da adadin kaddarorin magungunan da ake amfani dashi don magani a cikin magungunan jama'a da na hukuma, har ma da amfanin abinci mai gina jiki.
Elecampane tsayi (Inula helenium). Lo Schloss WildeggBayanin Botanical na Elecampane
Ta hanyar alamun ado, ana iya danganta elecampane ga rukuni na tsire-tsire masu kayan ado-tsire-tsire da kayan ado-fure-fure. Tall, har zuwa 1-2 m tsayi, tare da madaidaiciyar furrowed stalk, an rufe shi da gajeren gashin gashi, babba har zuwa 50 cm tsayi-tushe na tushe, m ga tabawa saboda tsananin buguwa. Ganyayyaki mai tushe suna karami, tare da tsari na gaba, daga sinus din wanda manyan kwanduna guda na inflorescences suka yi fure akan dogayen falo. Kowane furanni ɗan adam ƙananan rawaya ne ko zinari-orange, an tattara orange-yellow a inflorescences-kwanduna. A cikin wasu nau'in, ana haɗuwa da inflorescences a cikin murfin corymbose ko goge kuma suna a ƙarshen mai tushe.
Fulawa mai tsawo, daga Yuli zuwa Satumba. Furanni suna kama da ƙananan 'yan asters kuma a kwanakin girgije mai haske tare da kyawawan rana mai haske. Magani shine rhizome na launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Tushen m yaduwa yana fitowa daga rhizome kuma, daga ciyayi mai ciyayi, mai tushe yana samar da taro mai iska. Elecampane rhizome yana da tsattsage wuri, jiki mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi a kan yanke, cike da ƙananan kwantena na sel don mahimman mai. Danshi mai daɗaɗawa da ɗanɗano mai ɗaci mai ban sha'awa shine bambanta shi da sauran tushen lokacin tono.
Elecampane a cikin kayan lambu
Tun da yake waɗannan tsararren tsire-tsire ne, an zaɓi wuri a cikin filin lambun a gaba. Ya yi kyau sosai a cikin solitaire landings a kan mown lawns, fure gadaje. Ana amfani dashi don yin ado da wuraren shakatawa, wuraren shakatawa na gandun daji, musamman wuraren rigar kusa da tafkuna, ƙananan tafkuna. Dasa bishiyoyi.
Don dalilai na kayan ado, zaka iya amfani da wasu nau'ikan elecampane: elecampane babba ko babba, elecampane na Burtaniya, elecampane gabas, elecampane mai girma.
Elecampane gagarumar (Inula mafnifica) a cikin tsarin lambun. Andrew LoudonAmfani da elecampane a masana'antar abinci
A kan warkad da warkarwa na elecampane akwai litattafai na musamman da yawa. Amma kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a masana'antar abinci.
- A cikin masana'antar giya, ana amfani dashi don dandano abubuwan sha. A cikin dakin giya - don canza launin farin ruwan inabi.
- A dafa abinci, ana amfani da kayan ƙwari don keɓaɓɓen kayan abinci, yin burodi, da abubuwan sha mai taushi.
- Ana amfani da man fetur mai mahimmanci na tushen da rhizomes don dandano kifin abinci, abinci ya fi mai da hankali.
- Man na da karfi fungicidal da kwayoyin cuta.
Karanta game da kaddarorin magani na elecampane a cikin kayan: "Elecampane, ko launin Rawaya - bayanin kwatankwacin kayayyakin warkarwa"
Girma Elecampane
Zaɓin wurin zama
A cikin yanayi na dabi'a, gizon elecampane ya fi son wuraren da ke da inuwa a gefen bankunan tafkuna, tabkuna, da kuma gandun daji masu fa'ida. Sabili da haka, a cikin kiwo na gida a ƙarƙashin elecampane, ba tare da la'akari da nau'in ƙasa ba (ban da saline da acidic), an zaɓi wuraren da aka kare daga hasken rana kai tsaye ("penumbra na gefen gandun daji"). A tsakiyar Rasha, a ƙarƙashin elecampane, ya fi kyau juyawa da kariya daga zayyana, wuraren da aka kunna lafiya.
Elecampane tsayi (Inula helenium). Ul julia_HalleFotoFanPreparationasa shiri
Don ƙirƙirar daji mai ado na fure tare da yalwar fure, elecampane yana buƙatar ƙasa mai laushi, ƙasa mai numfashi tare da babban abun gina jiki. Sabili da haka, a cikin yanayin ƙasa mai nauyi iyo ruwa, an gabatar da babban adadin humus ko wasu kayan kwance a cikin fall.
A ƙasa yawanci ana shirya shi a cikin fall. A karkashin digging sa humus, takin ko wasu takin gargajiya. Idan ƙasa tana da isasshen isasshen abinci, zaku iya iyakance kanku ga gabatarwar urea, cakuda-phosphorus-potassium a cikin faɗuwar (40-50 g / m²), kuma a cikin bazara don yin ammoniya ko wasu takin mai-nitrogen a ƙarƙashin shuka.
A cikin shekarar farko, ana buƙatar miya babba. Zai fi kyau a aiwatar da su tare da nitrophos a cikin lokaci na samuwar ganyen basal, da kuma bayan makonni 3-4 tare da ci gaba da harbe-harben iska. A cikin bazara, kafin barin su su huta, ciyar da tsirrai tare da takin zamani-phoash-potash.
Lokacin da girma tsire-tsire na ornamental a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ba za ku iya takin su ba, amma ana buƙatar watering. Idan aka yi amfani da al'adun don tattara kayan abinci na kayan magani (haɓakar rhizomes), to ana yin riguna na sama kowace shekara.
Elecampane tsayi (Inula helenium). © Mike SerigrapherElecampane saukowa
Dasa Rhizomes
Dasa dasa rhizomes zai fi kyau a cikin bazara, a lokacin da ake fitar da ganye a kayan amfanin gona. Dankin zai ɗauki tushen lokacin bazara mai zafi kuma ya samar da taro mai iska. A kudu, zaku iya shuka delenki a watan Agusta a ƙarshen tsire-tsire na fure. A cikin shekarar farko, elecampane yana girma da 20-40 cm, kamar dai yana samun karfi kuma tuni tsawon shekaru 2-3 ya kirkiro dajin ado na sama.
Kafin dasa, rhizomes an riga an yanke su kashi-kashi domin kowane bangare yana da rassa ciyawa 1. An shirya rijiyoyin dasa gwargwadon girman masu rabawa a nesa na 30-45-60 cm. An binne rhizome a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar 5-6 cm. An fara fitar da takin cikin rami (idan ya cancanta) kuma ƙasa ta jike. Ana kula da wuraren da aka yanke akan masu raba tare da ciwan ƙasa. Rhizomes suna da ciyayi mai ganye. Isasa tana ɗanɗaɗa ɗanɗano, an ƙara ruwa da mulched.
Rosette na ganyen elecampane high. SouonIrin shuka
Tsarin Elecampane ba sa buƙatar horo na musamman. A cikin bazara ko kaka, ana shuka su a cikin ramuka daban (yawanci bayan bayan ɓoye rhizome, a cikin rami ɗaya a matsayin ma'auni na kariya) ko kuma a cikin hanyar jere zuwa zurfin 1-2 cm, barin layuka 35-45 cm tsakanin layuka Kafin shuka, ƙasa tana daɗaɗa. Harbe yana bayyana bayan makonni 2. A tsayin 5-6 cm, ana aiwatar da thinning, wanda aka maimaita yayin da bushes ke girma. Lokacin da daji ya girma, yankin yana ƙaruwa zuwa 60x60 cm.
Elecampane Kulawa
A cikin shekarar farko, elecampane yana haɓaka a hankali, yana samar da kayan ganyayyaki na basal. A cikin kaka, ɓangaren samaniya ya mutu kuma daga shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa ta fara ƙarfaffen sashin ƙasa mai ƙarfi. Elecampane blooms a shekara ta biyu. Fulawa yana gudana daga Yuli zuwa Agusta. Kwanduna masu launin duhu masu duhu suna yaɗuwa a watan Satumba-Oktoba. Basketaya daga cikin kwandon tsire-tsire na shekaru uku na samar da tsaba har 5000, don haka ana barin 1-2 tsire-tsire yawanci akan asarar iri idan al'adun sun girma akan kayan albarkatun ƙasa.
Hankali shi ne kula da adon fure ko fure ne na elecampane. Da sauri cire kwanduna masu ɓoye, ciyawa, kwance ƙasa. Duk da tushen shiga zurfi cikin ƙasa, elecampane yana amsa da kyau ga shayarwa kuma yana ƙaunar madaidaicin daskararru koyaushe. A cikin bazara, bayan an gama da furanni, mataccen saman da yake cire shi ya zama tsibi. Elecampane tsire-tsire tare da kulawa mai kyau ya kai mita 2 a tsayi, kuma yalwataccen fure na fure mai tushe zuwa ƙasa. Don adana kwalliyar daji na daji, kuna buƙatar ɗaure shi ko ƙulla shi ga tallafi. Elecampane tsire-tsire suna jure wa fari da sanyi sosai, don haka basa buƙatar mafaka. Elecampane yana da ban mamaki saboda juriya da cututtuka da kwari kuma baya buƙatar matakan kariya.
Elecampane a cikin lambun fure. Ess Jess KnowlesElecampane kiwo
Shuke-shuke ana yaduwa ta zuriya, rhizome rabo da seedlings. Mafi na kowa sune hanyoyin 2 na farko. Lingsalingsan itace suna yaduwa a cikin yankuna na arewacin, amma ana amfani da wannan hanyar sosai ƙasa da akai-akai. Don samun seedlings, an shuka shuka a watan Fabrairu. Kulawar da aka saba. Ana shuka 'ya'yan itace a cikin wurin da aka tsara a cikin rabin na biyu na Mayu.
Tushen girbi da rhizomes
Don kayan taimakon agaji, amfanin gona na rhizomes tare da ƙarin tushen an girbe shi har tsawon shekaru 2-4. Bayan zuriyar bishiyoyi, an girka daji a hankali (zai fi dacewa da fulawa), ajiye su tare da radius a layi ɗaya zuwa mai tushe. Don haka ƙarancin lalata rhizome. Kafin digging, an yanke mai tushe a cikin dunƙule na 5-10 cm. Shake ƙasa kuma a wanke. An wanke rhizomes mai tsabta cikin yanki na 10-20 cm kuma an bushe a cikin inuwa don kwanaki 2-3, sannan a bushe tare da kyakkyawan iska a bushe, ɗakuna masu dumi. Yana yiwuwa a aiwatar da bushewa a cikin gilashi a zafin jiki wanda bai wuce + 35 ... 40 * C. Lokacin bushewa, kayan albarkatun suna birgima koyaushe don cire danshi a ciki.
