Dasa strawberries a cikin damina yana da fa'idodi da yawa fiye da bazara. A cikin yarda da fasaha, inji mai sauƙin ɗauka da sauri yana ɗaukar tushe, da kyau hunturu kuma ba tare da asara ba, kuma a shekara mai zuwa yana gamsar da barga mai tsayi da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Me yasa al'ada ce ta dasa shuki a bazara, kuma ba lokacin bazara bane
Lokacin kaka don 'yan lambu ya fi sauƙi: babu aiki dasa da aikin kiyayewa, saboda haka zaku iya dasa shuki na fure a ma'auni.
Dasa strawberries a cikin kaka
Babu shakka ab advantagesbuwan amfãni na kaka saukowa:
- kasar gona mai dumin zafi a lokacin bazara na bada gudummawa ga saurin rayuwar amfanin gona;
- da zabi na kayan dasa a cikin kaka yana da wadata;
- bushes bushes ci gaba da sauri kuma girma da himma;
- iri iri da na zamani suna iya samar da amfanin gona na farko daidai lokacin kaka;
- a cikin kaka, bishiyoyin bishiyoyi basa buƙatar kulawa da yawa.
A bisa ga al'ada, an dasa strawberries a farkon farkon bazara, lokacin da kasar ta warmo zuwa isasshen zurfin kuma matasa Berry seedlings sauƙi dauki tushe. Kamar yadda al'adar ta nuna, dasa damina ma yana da matukar alfanu kuma yana bada sakamako mai kyau.
Kwanan Wata
Yana yiwuwa a tantance daidai lokacin da aka fara saukowa, daga yanayin fasalin yanayin. Akwai lokaci uku kawai:
- daga tsakiyar watan Agusta zuwa tsakiyar Satumba,
- daga ƙarshen Satumba zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba,
- makonni hudu kafin sanyi na farko da za'a iya lura dashi.
Kwanan wata dasa shuki sun dogara da dabaru da fasaha na namo, iri-iri, yanayi
Kwanan watannin shukar Strawberry ta wuri: tebur
| Yankin ƙasa | Mafi kyawun lokacin sauka |
| Yankin Moscow da Moscow | Daga farkon watan Agusta zuwa karshen Satumba |
| St. Petersburg da yankin Leningrad | Daga tsakiyar watan Agusta zuwa farkon Satumba |
| Tsarin tsakiya na Rasha | Daga ƙarshen bazara zuwa tsakiyar Satumba |
| Ural | Daga shekarun karshe na Yuli har zuwa tsakiyar watan Agusta |
| Siberiya | Har zuwa karshen shekaru goma na Agusta |
| Yankunan Kudancin | Oktoba |
| Belarus | Satumba |
| Ukraine da Moldova | Har zuwa karshen shekaru goma na Oktoba |
Itace daminar kaka wacce ke bada daman girbin shekarar mai zuwa. Tare da dasa bazara a wannan shekara, ba za ku iya samun berry ba.
Yadda ake shirya gadaje don dasawa
Ya kamata a cika kyawawan tutocin Strawberry da hasken rana kuma su sami isasshen kariya daga iska mai ƙarfi. Mafi kyawun wurin zai zama gefen kudu maso yamma tare da gangare na 2-3game da.
Abubuwan da suka dace na al'adun bishiyoyi sune:
- siderates;
- mustard;
- wake da Peas;
- radish da radish;
- karas;
- seleri ko ganye da tushen faski;
- albasa turnips da tafarnuwa bazara.
Wadanda ba a san magabata ba:
- Tumatir
- dankali;
- kwai;
- kabeji;
- barkono;
- koko;
- Compositae da buttercup amfanin gona.
Shirya gadaje don dasa shuki strawberries
Soilasa don haɓaka dole ne ta kasance mai ƙoshin abinci kuma mai wadataccen abinci na rayuwa kamar yadda zai yiwu. Wannan buƙatar ta kasance saboda ci gaba na bushes bushes, kazalika da aiki fruiting a cikin keɓe da kuma shirya yankin shekaru uku ko hudu.
Zatin acid yakamata ya zama raka'a 5.0-6.5, kuma zurfin ruwan karkashin kasa ya kasance cikin santimita 60. Lokacin da aka shuka, ana binciken kasa. Kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa babu larvae na irin ƙwayar dankalin turawa da ɓoyayyen gidan yanar gizon. Idan ya cancanta, an ƙara ammonium nitrate wata guda kafin dasawa. Inganci sosai shine ciyar da ƙasa tare da bayani dangane da Confidor, Marshal ko Bazudin.
A mataki na farko, kamar makwanni biyu kafin a dasa shuki, an sassaka sauran kayan girke-girken a kan tebur guda na shebur. Daga 10 zuwa 20 kilogiram na taki mai sauƙin overripe ko humus, da misalin 25-30 g na superphosphate da 15 g na potassium chloride, ana haɗa su a kowace m² don haƙa. Acidic ƙasa yana buƙatar a deoxidized, saboda haka, kimanin shekara ɗaya da rabi kafin dasa shuki strawberries, an kara lemun tsami a cikin nauyin 4-6 kg m kg. Nan da nan kafin dasawa, ƙasa ta sake sake kwance zuwa zurfin kusan 15-20 cm.
Yadda ake shirya kayan dasawa
Kyakkyawan zaɓi don kiwo shine ƙwayar lafiyayyen seedlings da aka samo daga bushes na daji. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire na Berry suna da iyakar juriya ga cututtukan cututtuka da ƙwayoyin shuka, kuma suna samar da amfanin gona mafi girma. Seedlingsa'idodin seedlings masu inganci na iya samun ƙaho ɗaya ko da yawa, amma dole ne su kasance masu ƙoshin lafiya kuma suna da haɓaka, kore mai haske a launi, tare da kauri na akalla 7.0-7.5 mm. Tushen tushen kyawawan tsire-tsire ana ɗaukarsu, har zuwa 7-8 cm tsayi.
Strawberry akan kayan murfin
Kasancewar duhu ko fari-ɗigon haske akan fure yana nuna kamuwa da cuta ta hanji, da kuma ganyen ƙanƙanun yara alama ce ta gama gari na kashin strawberry. Strawberry foliage dole ne m kore, leathery da m, tare da halayyar da sosai m pubescence. Mafi karancin ganye shine guda 3-4.
Lokacin shirya don dasa, Tushen waɗanda suka yi tsayi da yawa suna gajarta, kuma cututtukan marasa lafiya, najasa, ko bushewa an datse su a hankali. Dole ne a yayyafa tushen Strawberry har tsawon awa ɗaya da rabi a cikin akwati tare da haɓakar mai haɓaka "Epin" ko "Kornevin." Soke Tushen a cikin tafarnuwa mai tafarnuwa mai ban ruwa yana ba da sakamako mai kyau. Irin wannan matakan kariya na kara girman garkuwar halitta ta shuka, kuma yana taimakawa wajen magance kwari masu cutarwa a matakin tushe.
Umarnin saukarwa tare da zane, zane da cikakken bayani
Autumn strawberry dasa shuki ne mai fifiko a yankuna da yawa, amma ya kamata a dasa shuki na bishiyoyi a kan wani yanayi mai dumin kyau da gajimare, kuma shine mafi kyawun ruwan sama. A lokaci guda, kasar gona a kan shirye ridges ya kamata m.
A cikin ƙasa buɗe
Ana shirya tsire-tsire na strawberry seedlings ta hanyoyi da yawa. 'Yan lambu suna amfani da layin-layi ɗaya da kuma hanyoyin biyu. Thea'idar zaɓi na farko ya haɗa da nisa tsakanin kaset 60-70 cm da nisan da ke tsakanin bushes - 15-20 cm, amma hanyar layi biyu ya fi tasiri. A wannan yanayin, nisan da ke tsakanin kintinkiri shine 65-70 cm, kuma tsakanin layin - kimanin cm 30. An dasa bishiyoyin bishiyoyi tare da nisan 15-20 cm.
Gardenerswararrun lambu sun ba da shawarar sake sauya strawberries kowace shekara a cikin sabon lambu.
Wasu yan lambu sun fi son dasa shuki bishiyoyi akan dogayen lemo. Wannan hanya cikakkiya ce don shirya a wuraren da ake lura da tsayayyen ruwa ko kuma ruwan karkashin ƙasa ya ta'allaka. Ya kamata a kafa tutocin daga kudu zuwa arewa, kuma ana dasa shuki a cikin layuka biyu. Yawancin lambu kuma suna yin abin da ake kira dasa rikice na strawberry bushes, wanda ke sauƙaƙa rabu da mu a cikin hunturu ko mai rauni, tsire-tsire marasa amfani a cikin bazara.
A karkashin spanbond, agrofibre ko fim
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, a karkashin yanayin aikin lambun gida, ana ƙara yin amfani da hanyar dasa strawberries a ƙarƙashin spanbond, agrofibre ko fim. Dasa shuka tsirowar bishiyoyi a ƙarƙashin abin da ke rufe launin baƙar fata ana aiwatar da su ne don rage farashin ma'aikata kuma a haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa da kusan 25-30%. Kasa shine yadda ya kamata don kare bishiyar bishiyoyi daga bushewa ƙasa, daskarewa tushen tsarin cikin hunturu mai tsananin sanyi, ɓarnatar da ƙasa, da yawaitar girma ciyawa.
Strawberry akan kayan murfin baƙi
Materialaƙƙarfan kayan suttura a cikin nau'in spunbond, agrofibre ko fim yana da tsayayya ga haskoki na UV, kuma yana da ruwa da iska. Irin waɗannan finafinan sutturar zamani na iya samun fa'idodi daban-daban, wanda ya basu damar amfani dasu akan gadaje masu girma dabam daban. Koyaya, yayin haɗa haɗin ratsi biyu ko fiye na zane, suna da tabbacin zasu ruɗe. Tsarin daidaitaccen canjin gwanin gwanin guda zuwa wani ba zai iya zama kasa da 20 cm.
Bayan shirya tudun, aiwatar da kwance zurfin ƙasa, amfani da ma'adinan ma'adinai da kwayoyin halitta, wajibi ne don shirya manyan maganganu don amintaccen gyaran kayan kayan sutura. Har ya zuwa ƙarshen, ana yanke waya a cikin ba tsayi da yawa kuma an tanƙwara a rabi. Yankin saukar da ƙasa an rufe shi da agrofibre, spanbond ko fim, kuma zane mai kanshi an saita shi da ƙugin ƙarfe a kewayen kewaye da layin haɗuwa. Kofa, kazalika da juyawa, ana iya matse su zuwa ƙasa tare da duwatsu, kazalika da allon ko duk wasu abubuwa masu nauyi.
Idan yankin dasa agrofibre ya yi faɗi sosai, yana da matukar mahimmanci don ba da hanyar shiga ko tayal maraƙi tsakanin layuka na bishiyoyi bushes. Bayan an yi waƙoƙi, tare da taimakon alli, ana yiwa alama akan kayan sutturar. Nisa tsakanin tsaran yakamata ya zama cm 60-80, kuma tsakanin tsirrai a kowane layi - kimanin 15-20 cm.
Dangane da alamar da aka yi, ana yin katako mai ƙyalli tare da wuka mai kaifi, gefunan da suka fito suna kangara daga waje. An yi ramuka ta ƙasa ta al'ada a ƙarƙashin gwanayen-kamannun giciye. Idan ya cancanta, ya kamata a cika su da ƙasa mai daɗi, bayan wannan ana shayar da su da ruwa mai ɗorewa da ruwa. 'Ya'yan itace Strawberry ba sa son dasa shuki da zurfi, don haka zuciyar bishiyar bishi dole ta kasance a saman ƙasa.
Abin da kula don samar da bayan dasa
Nan da nan bayan dasa shuki a kan wuri na dindindin, ya wajaba don samar da cikakkiyar kulawa, wanda ke tabbatar da ci gaban tushen tushen matasa bushes. A saboda wannan dalili, tsire-tsire na bishi a matakin rayuwa ya kamata a shayar da shi akai-akai, m loosening na ƙasa, kazalika da kariya daga cututtuka da kwari, tsari don lokacin hunturu.
Watering da ciyar
A cikin mako na farko bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa bude, ya kamata a aiwatar da shuka seedlings kowace rana. Bayan matasa shuke-shuke da tushe sosai, za ka iya rage da kuma kawai kiyaye kasar gona a cikin wani sako-sako da kuma dan kadan moistened jihar. Ana yin ruwa da safe, ana warmed a rana da ruwa mai tsaye. Wajibi ne a guji ci gaban ruwa a sashin tsire-tsire. Takin tsire-tsire tare da ingantaccen tsarin ƙasa don dasawa zai buƙaci amfani da shekaru 3-4.
Kulawar Strawberry Bayan Shuka
Matakan hanawa
Daidaitawar rigakafin strawberries a cikin kaka dole ne a aiwatar ba tare da faduwa ba. Idan ba tare da irin wannan kariyar ba, tsire-tsire na fili na iya kamuwa da cututtuka ko wahala daga kwari, galibi hunturu a cikin ganye ko ganyen sa.
Don rigakafin, kuna buƙatar sassauta ƙasa a kewayen bushes kuma ku kula da ƙasa tare da mafita dangane da 1.5 tbsp. l magani "Karbofos" da lita 5 na ruwa mai ɗumi. Kyakkyawan sakamako shine amfani da ruwa na Bordeaux 2% ko maganin da aka shirya ta amfani da ½ tbsp. l jan karfe na karfe 5 na ruwa na tsaye.
Shirye-shiryen hunturu
Saboda haka, Berry plantings ba su daskare a cikin dusar ƙanƙara mai matsanancin hunturu, ya zama dole don ciyawa da tsire-tsire tare da bushe ganye, peat, spruce spruce rassan, masara stal ko bambaro. A wannan yanayin, ƙaramar ƙaƙƙarfan irin wannan Layer mai kariya ya kamata ya zama 5 cm.
Bidiyo: yadda ake dasa shuki a kaka a kaka
Taka dasa bishiyoyin bishiyar bishiyoyi a bude take yana bada sakamako mai inganci kawai idan an lura da fasahar kisa, kuma domin inganta rayuwar tsirrai, ya zama dole a samar da bishiyoyin ta yadda yakamata kuma ingantacciyar kulawa, gami da shayarwa, rigakafin kariya.
