Tsarin tsire-tsire Corydalis (Corydalis) shine ɗan ƙaramin iyali. An samo shi cikin yanayi a yankuna tare da yanayin zafi na Arewacin Hemisphere. Sunan kimiyya na wannan shuka an samo shi ne daga kalmar Helenanci da aka fassara ta "kwalkwali", wannan ya faru ne saboda siffar furanni na Corydalis. Wannan Halittar ya haɗu da kusan nau'in 320. Yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu (kusan 200) ana lura dasu a cikin Tsakiyar Tsakiya da Yammacin China, da kuma Himalayas, inda katako mai ban sha'awa ya yi girma a tsawan mita 3000-5000 sama da matakin teku. Wadannan tsire-tsire sun fara noma ne kwanan nan, ko kuma, a ƙarni na 19. An shigo dasu daga Asiya ta Tsakiya, da Himalayas, Siberiya, Tibet, amma mafi yawan lokuta daga China ne. A yau suna da mashahuri sosai tsakanin masu lambu kamar yadda, alal misali, dahlias, tulips da phloxes. Kuma duk saboda gaskiyar cewa irin wannan fure ba kawai kyakkyawa ba ne, har ma da tsayayya ga sanyi da cuta, rashin kulawa ne, kuma shi ne maigidan magunguna.
Abubuwan Corydalis
Flowering shuka Corydalis shine perennial da shekara-shekara. Ran itace irin wannan tsiron suna da yawa sosai, tana nan a wani babban zurfin kuma yana kunshe da matakai na yau da kullun. A kan tafiyar matakai daban, da samuwar zagaye tubers wani lokaci ana lura dashi, a ciki akwai wadataccen abinci. Tsawan tsinkayen harbe zai iya bambanta daga 0.15 zuwa 0.45 m. A gindin mai tushe, an sanya faranti mai siffa-furen-tebur mai launin shuɗi mai launin duhu tare da fure mai haske. Ganyayyaki na iya zama hadaddun sau biyu ko sau uku, yanayin lobes ɗin yana da faɗi uku ko kuma zagaye, kowane ɗayan yana da nasa petiole. Samuwar ƙwayoyin tsefewar launin ruwan tsere na ƙwayoyin cuta akan filo mai tushe ana lura da shi a tsakiyar watan Afrilu. Abun da ya ƙunshi inflorescences ya haɗa da furanni 5-35 masu tsawo, waɗanda za'a iya fentin su a ruwan hoda, shunayya, fari, shuɗi ko rawaya. Furanni suna da tsayin dako daga 1.5 zuwa 2.5 santimita, sepals da aka nuna kaɗan ne, kuma takalmin katako yana da girma. Duk furanni suna da tsinkayen tsayi, a ciki wanda akwai nectar. Za'a iya samun wannan ta waɗancan kwari da suke da dogon proboscis. 'Ya'yan itace kwali ne na siffar launuka, ciki wanda wasu kananan launuka ne masu launi iri-iri. Kowane ƙwaya yana da fargaba mai kyau wadda tururuwa take bauta wa kawai. Sakamakon wannan, tururuwa na iya jan waɗannan tsaba a kan nesa mai nisa.
Corydalis ya fara girma a cikin Maris. Furewarsa yana farawa bayan ƙasa ta yi zafi har zuwa digiri 3-4. Lokacin yin ruwa kusan kwanaki 20 ne. Ana lura da fitar da iri a watan Yuni, bayan wannan ɓangaren tsire-tsire wanda ke saman ƙasa ya mutu. A cikin tsarin zane-zanen ƙasa, waɗannan tsire-tsire suna yawanci girma tare da wasu manyan abubuwan tarihi, alal misali: crocuses, muscari, chionodoxes, galanthus da farkon tulips.
Wajen Corydalis na waje
Wani lokaci don shuka
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana siyar da kayan corydalis dasa kayan a lokacin da ƙirar ta ke hutawa, ko kuma a'a, daga rabin na biyu na Yuni zuwa Satumba. Yana cikin wannan lokacin yana bada shawarar dasa wannan al'ada a cikin ƙasa bude. Ya kamata a sa jari a dasa kayan gona sosai. Ya kamata a zaɓi wadatattun m da m tubers. 'Ya'yan ƙwai na Tsarin Asiya ta Tsakiya na wannan shuka ana iya ɗanɗana su, wannan ba ya cutar da su.
Lokacin zabar wani yanki don dasawa, ya kamata ka kula da wane rukuni irin nau'in kifin da aka girka wanda ka girma shine. Don haka, alal misali, masana sun ba da shawarar yin noma na Sinanci, dutsen da tsirrai daban-daban a cikin wani fili mai cike da haske mai cike da yaddar yashi, yayin da yakamata ya kasance a kan tsauni ko tudu. Kuma an bada shawarar nau'in gandun daji a wani yanki mai inuwa tare da ƙasa humus sako-sako. Dole ne ya kasance tsaka tsaki ko ɗan acidic.
Dokokin saukarwa
Babu wani abu mai rikitarwa a cikin shuka da kuma girma Corydalis. Kafin sauka, dole ne a shirya wurin. Idan ƙasa tana da nauyi kuma yana da nauyi sosai, to, a lokacin tono yana da mahimmanci don gabatar da tsakuwa ko tsakuwa a ciki. Ya kamata a tuna cewa lokacin da danshi stagnates a cikin ƙasa, rot siffofin da sauri a kan asalinsu. Don kauce wa wannan, ya kamata a kula don tabbatar da wuce haddi mai narkewa da sauri isa daga wurin.
Zurfin abin da ya kamata a dasa tubers kai tsaye ya dogara da girman su. Ya kamata a dasa manyan tubers zuwa zurfin of 10 zuwa 15 santimita, kuma ƙananan tubers ya kamata a binne su da santimita 5-7. Shuka Shuka na buƙatar ɗumbin yawa.
Corydalis kulawa a cikin lambu
Lokacin girma Corydalis a cikin lambu, ya kamata a shayar da shi a cikin wani yanayi mai dacewa, ciyawa, ciyar da shi, sassauta kasar gona da kare su daga kwari da cututtuka. Amma ya kamata a lura cewa don nau'ikan daban-daban na buƙatu da abubuwan da ake so a cikin kulawa na iya bambanta.
Yadda ake ciyar da ruwa
A farkon makonni na bazara, lokacin da aka lura da farkon corydalis girma, a matsayin mai mulkin, ƙasa tana daɗaya daga ruwa mai narkewa, don haka tsire-tsire bazai buƙatar yin shayarwa ba. Bayan da ƙasa ta bushe, zai zama dole ne a shayar da tsirrai da tsare-tsaren. Ya kamata a lura cewa ya kamata a samar da nau'ikan alkama da hamada tare da matsakaicin shayarwa, tun da yake suna da kyau game da turɓayar danshi a cikin tushen tsarin, yayin da ɗan gajeren lokaci ba ƙaramar lalacewar shuka ba. Dole ne a tuna cewa kowane nau'in Corydalis yana da mummunar mummunar cutar ta ruwa a cikin ƙasa, a wannan batun, ƙasa akan shafin dole ne a jawo shi da kyau. Lokacin da aka shayar da bushes, kuna buƙatar sassauta farfajiyar shafin, yayin cire ciyawa. Don rage yawan ciyawar, ciyawar ruwa da shimfidawa, farfajiyar shafin dole ne a rufe shi da wani yanki na ciyawa.
Kwai corydalis daji kawai suna buƙatar ciyarwa, yayin da takin ko humus ya kamata a ƙara ƙasa a yayin tono kafin dasa. Hakanan a cikin bazara, zaku iya ciyawa farfajiyar maƙarƙashiyar da kwayoyin halitta.
Bayan da faduwar bushes din, sassan jikinsu da ke saman kasa sun zama launin toka tsawon lokaci, kuma ana ganin kashe su na mutuwa. Don tuna inda suka girma, kuna buƙatar yiwa kowane alamar daji alama ta hanyar ɗorawa kusa da shi. Wannan al'ada tana da tsayayyar sanyi ga sanyi, don haka bata buƙatar tsari na hunturu. Koyaya, ya kamata a sani cewa kifin da China ke daurewa na iya mutuwa idan yawan zafin iska ya faɗi ƙasa da ƙasan 23.
Yadda ake watsa da yayatawa
Ana bada shawarar jujjuyar da wannan jigon abincin yayin hutunsa. Amma ko da lokacin furanni, crested bushes jure wa wannan hanya sosai. Koyaya, lokacin dasawa, wani ɓangaren daji na daji wanda ke saman ƙasa na iya zuwa ya zama mai sauƙi, wanda idan tubersan tazarar zai fara wani zamani mai sanyi sama da yadda aka saba. Matsar da bushes zuwa sabon wuri tare da dunƙule na ƙasa.
Don yada irin wannan shuka, ana amfani da tsaba, tsaba, tubers, da kuma hanyar rarraba rhizome. A kan rhizomes, ana kirkiro tubers ne kawai akan Corydalis na Kashmir da Bush. Kuna iya raba rhizome a lokacin bazara, da kuma daga tsakiya zuwa ƙarshen lokacin bazara, kuma suna yin wannan yayin dasa shuka. Lokacin rarraba daji, yakamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa kowane rabo dole ne ya sami koda na farfadowa da wani ɓangare na rhizome. Lokacin dasa shuki delenki, ana binne su a cikin ƙasa ta 5 cm santimita 5 (ya danganta da girman tubers), yayin da nisa tsakanin rijiyoyin ya kamata a kiyaye akalla santimita 10 baya. Amma ya kamata kuma a san cewa wannan hanyar haihuwa ba ta shahara sosai tsakanin masu lambu.
Shuka yakamata ya zama yayan itacen Corydalis. Don haka, ya kamata a fentin su baƙi, amma kwalaye har yanzu ya kasance kore. Yi ƙoƙarin ɗaukar akwatina a cikin lokaci, in ba haka ba, lokacin da suke cikakke kuma buɗe, tsaba suna zubewa daga kan shingen, inda tururuwa take ɗaukar su da sauri. Tsaba ta zama mai yiwuwa har tsawon kwanaki 7, saboda haka, ba lallai ba ne don ƙara yawan shuka su ba. Shuka da tsaba ne da za'ayi a cikin kwantena, wanda dole ne a cika tare da moistened substrate. Bayan haka ana tura su zuwa wuri mai inuwa kuma a tabbata cewa cakuda ƙasa koyaushe tana daɗaɗa ɗanɗano. Ana iya shuka 'ya'yan itace a cikin gonar bayan bazara ta iso. Corydalis ya yi girma daga tsaba a farkon lokacin bayan shekaru 2-4 (dangane da nau'in halittu).
Cutar da kwari
Corydalis yana da tsayayya da cuta, don haka da wuya su yi rashin lafiya. Idan an lura da tsauraran ruwa a cikin tushen sa, to wannan na iya haifar da haɓakar cutar fungal. Duk wani al'ada zai iya kamuwa da cuta da cutar hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo, kuma ba matsala idan kun kula da shi sosai ko kuma ba talauce ba. Dole ne a cire bushes ɗin da wannan cutar ta ɓoye daga ƙasa kuma a lalata, kuma yankin da suka girma ya kamata a zubar da maganin potassiumgangan, wanda ya isa ya zama mai ƙarfi. Don warkar da shuka wanda cutar cuta ta fungal, dole ne a fesa ta da maganin kashe ƙwaro.
Daga cikin kwari, haɗarin corydalis ana wakilta shi daga mice da moles. Don kawar da su, a saman shafin a wurare da yawa wajibi ne don sanya ƙura da guba.
Iri da nau'ikan Corydalis tare da hotuna da sunaye
Istswararrun masana suna ba da adadi mai yawa na Corydalis bisa ga bukatun muhalli waɗanda ke ƙayyade fasahar aikin gona na nau'in. Yawan nau'in gandun daji sune mafi rashin daidaituwa ga dukkanin nau'in tsararraki na zamani, alal misali: Bush ya ɓoye, smoky-leaved, manyan-flold (giant), Magadan, low, deceiving (m), tsaka-tsaki, tsatsa-tsalle, mai yawa (Gallera), Caucasian, Kuznetsova, Marshall, Malka, bract kuma an sanya (Turchaninova). Don namo daga cikin wadannan nau'in, an bada shawara don zaɓar yankuna tare da yumbu ko yashi ƙasa cike da ganye humus da humus. Suna girma mafi kyau a cikin ciyawa a cikin ɓoye a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi masu lalacewa, a cikin wani lambu a ƙarƙashin amfanin gona na 'ya'yan itace, kuma a cikin gadaje masu fure na dindindin.
Mafi mashahuri sune irin Cassock na Haller (mai yawa), misali:
- Bet evans. Furen an yi masa fenti mai tsini mai haske, alhali kuwa farin yana da fari.
- Zurfafa farawa. Wannan shine haɗuwa iri-iri, wanda ya haɗa da furanni tare da furanni fenti a cikin launuka daban-daban daga kifin kifi da ruwan hoda zuwa ja.
- George Baker. Furannin suna da launin ja, kusan launin launi.
- Abincin Nina. Furen an fentin launin ruwan hoda.
- Manyan Kayan. Inflorescences ana fentin cikin ruwan hoda mai shuɗi mai shuɗi.
- Bayanai na Munich. Furen an fentin launin shuɗi-murjani.
- Nettleton ruwan hoda. Inflorescences suna da launin ruwan hoda mai arziki.
Arancin da ya dace da namowa a tsakiyar kewayen su ne nau'in fari na jeji na Himalayan, tsaunuka da ƙafa. Sun karɓi suna na asali - nau'in dutse. Wadannan sun hada da: muryar Wilson, Darwazian, Ledebor, Narinyana, Popova, rutifolia, Severtsova, Emanuel, Kashmir, single-stem, babban-spore, Marakand, Pachosky, ganyen disse, bluish da Shangina.
Rhizomes na nau'in perennial sun hada da Sulfur yellow, rawaya da daraja crested. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na shekara-shekara ba a cika samun su ba, misali: Turai Corydalis da Evergreen.
Ba haka ba da daɗewa, nau'ikan gargaɗi na musamman daga yankin Sichuan na China sun fara horar cikin Turai, wato, babban iska mai fasali. Mafi mashahuri sune nau'ikan nau'ikan da aka murƙushe:
- Blue panda. Leaf faranti ana fentin a cikin wani haske kore-shudi shudi. Furen ana fentin launin launi, azancin an lanƙwane.
- Cikakken Leaf. A launi na ruwan wukake ganye ne m-ja. A kan harbe a gindi daga cikin ganyayyaki akwai duhu ja aibobi.
- China Mai Shafi. A cikin hunturu, foliage fentin kore-launin ruwan kasa. Tsawon fure mai azure-greenish shine kimanin santimita 31.
- Balangin kuskure. Launin furanni launin shuɗi ne.
