Echinocactus yayi girma a cikin jihohin kudancin Amurka da Mexico. Halin halittar yana da wasu very anan halittu, waɗanda suka fi shahara sune echinocactus gruzoni.
"Hedgehog cacti", kamar yadda ake kiransu, suna iya kaiwa mita 3 a tsayi da kuma mita 1.5 a girth, yayin da wasu daga cikinsu zasu iya yin awo fiye da tan kuma kasance cikin nau'ikan dogayen shekaru tare da shekaru sama da 500!
Hotunan jinsunan Echinocactus da sunaye
Echinocactus gruzoni yana zaune a Meksiko, inda girmansa ya wuce ƙwallan spiky tare da nunin 40-45 cm al'ada don yanayin gida.Kawayenn suna ko madaidaiciya ko dan kadan suna da ƙarfi, suna da ƙarfin gaske.
Dangane da abin da ya gabata, duk dangin gaba daya an fara kiransu "shingehog cacti" kuma, a hanyar, wannan ba sunan su ba ne kawai na hukuma. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa wannan nau'in bayan shekaru 13-14 na canji na ci gaba daga yanayin sifar zuwa ganga mai siffa da girma har zuwa mita 1.2-1.5 a tsayi kuma zuwa mita 0.9-1 a fadin, don haka daga “shinge mai shinge” juya zuwa "ganga na gwal".
Launin kashin ya kunshi rawaya mai launin shuɗi, kuma, ba wuya, sautunan farin, waɗanda ya kamata a lura da su kafin su sayi wannan murtsunguwa, kamar yadda echinocactus kantin sayar da Georgian yake, a cikin sunan yana da ƙari iri iri, kamar “ja"Ko"bakan gizo” (echinocactus ja da bakan gizo bakan gizo bi da bi), a gaskiya ma, ba wani nau'in daban bane, kamar yadda zaku iya tunani a farko, amma kawai ana fentin wani launi daban tare da canza launi na abinci, ko wataƙila, mafi muni, fenti daga firintar.
Zai fi kyau a guji irin wannan “shinge mai launin”, tunda, harma da shekaru, zasu tsabtace kansu daga ƙazantattun ƙasashen waje (dawo da ƙaya zuwa turancin rawaya na halitta), amma, har sai wannan ya faru, mai shi na iya fuskantar matsaloli masu girma yayin girma, wanda bai kamata ba bisa manufa.
Echinocactus lebur-throated
Littlearancin da ba a san da shi ba, ƙaramin ƙanƙanta shi ne - mita 1.5-2 - kuma mafi fadi - mita 1,5.5, yana da ƙananan ƙashinsa - ba fi 20-25 ba. Hannun ƙasusuwan launin toka na kan daidaita. Don dandano, jinsin ya kusan shiga cikin jerin masu haɗari a cikin Meziko, inda ta zama babban ɓangaren abin da ke tattare da kayan ciye-ciye.
Parch Echinocactus - guda kara mai siffar zobe a farkon haɓaka, to, ya sami sifar sirinji. Wannan mutumin mai kyan gani daga arewacin Mexico yana da karamin tsayi - 30-35 cm da mai launin ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan hoda, wanda ke kara haske a kan lokaci. Wannan nau'in yana da matukar kulawa game da alaƙa da ke tattare da ƙarancin zuriyar ƙwayar cuta da kuma saukin kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban tun yana ƙarami.
Kwance a sarari ya bambanta da ɗan '' 'yan uwansa' a siffarta, wato, a cikin shimfiɗar keɓaɓɓun shimfidar fata tare da haƙarƙarin karkara a cikin adadin 11-12 guda. Hatta wakilan mazan na jinsin suna sanannu da siraran ɗan ƙaramin of 25-30 cm kuma ƙananan ƙaya mai kauri ta launi mai launi ja.
Ba kamar sauran nau'in fure ba, kwance na echinocactus yana da sauƙin cimmawa a cikin yanayin gida (kyawawan furanninta suna da tsawon har zuwa 3 cm da launi na lilac-ja), lura da ka'idodi na kulawa.
Echinocactus-allurar allura abin lura ga tarin duwatsun fure har tsawon 3 cm, launin ruwan kasa. A lokaci guda, gwargwadon samfurori masu dangantaka da shekaru sune 150x125 cm a tsayi da diamita. A lokacin furanni, furanni masu launin rawaya masu launin shuɗi suna bayyana.
Echinocactus da yawa-kai haƙiƙa yana da allurai masu launin launuka masu yawa - rawaya, launin ruwan kasa-ja ko ruwan hoda. Lokacin da distilled a cikin wani gida, zai iya girma har zuwa 70 cm a tsawo tare da haƙarƙarin 15-20 da karamin adadin ƙaya.
Polycephalus na Echinocactus iri ɗaya a cikin girman kuma a cikin adadin haƙarƙari tare da kallon da ya gabata. Tare da wannan, siffar sa mai sihiri tare da kasala mai lalacewa mafi yawan duk abubuwan da ake kira echinocactus sun yi kama da za a kwatanta su da ainihin shinge. Ya fi son kasancewa cikin babban rukuni, wanda zai iya haɗawa da tsire-tsire har kusan 100!
Kulawar gida na Echinocactus gruzoni
Dokokin kula da echinocactus gruzoni ba su da bambanci musamman da na gaba ɗaya waɗanda suka shafi yawancin cacti. Yana buƙatar haske mai haske tare da fifikon hasken rana kai tsaye, sabili da haka an bada shawarar sanya shi akan taga ta kudu.
A lokacin bazara, bazai ji ciwo ba ya dauke shi zuwa ga sararin samaniya sau da yawa - yayin da rana, zai kasance cike da shi, wanda zai guji asara, pallor da thinning wasu spines, waɗanda galibi suna da alaƙa da rashin walƙiya.
Duk da ƙaunar hasken rana, shuka ba ya jure da zafi mai zafi sosai, saboda haka, a yanayin zafi sama da 30 ℃ ya faɗi a cikin jihar mai kama da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaya, tare da raguwa ko cikakken dakatarwar ci gaba, wanda a gaba ɗaya ba zai cutar da shi ba.
Mammillaria shima kyakkyawa ne mai kyau kuma mai kyau, wanda aka girma lokacin barin gida ba tare da matsala mai yawa ba, amma har yanzu yana buƙatar yarda da sharuɗɗa da yawa. Kuna iya samun duk shawarwarin da suka dace a wannan labarin.
Echinocactus ruwa
Sau da yawa ba zaku iya ruwa ba, kuna buƙatar jira har sai ƙasa a cikin tukunya ta kusan bushewa. Don ban ruwa, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da ruwa da kyau-zazzabi a zazzabi a ɗakuna.
Babu wasu buƙatu don gumi - a cikin ɗakunan birni na talakawa, ba tare da fesawa da sauran matakan ban ruwa ba, yana jin daɗi. Idan sandar ta ƙazanta sosai, ana wanke ta a ƙarƙashin ruwan wanka kuma ana tsabtace ta da haƙorin hakori ko ƙarancin fenti.
Kasar gona ta Echinocactus
Madadin echinocactus gruzoni yana buƙatar zaɓar sako-sako, mai numfashi, tsaka tsaki-acid. Storeasar da ta dace da cacti, amma tare da ƙari da tsakuwa mai kyau ko tubalin da aka murƙushe.
Shirye-shiryen kai na cakuda ƙasa ya ƙunshi amfani azaman kayan haɗin ƙasa da filawar ƙasa, yashi mai nauyi tare da kyakkyawan tsakuwa (kwakwalwan tubalin) daidai gwargwado ga 1: 2: 1: 0.5. Additionari ga haka, ya fi kyau a wadata shi da ɗan ƙaramin gawayi domin lalacewar tushen lalacewa.
Capacityarfin dasa shinge na shinge na shinge ya kamata ya dace da yanayinsa, ba a rarraba tushen tsarin musamman ba - babban kwano ya dace sosai.
Juyin Echinocactus
Juyin, idan akwai, ana yi, a lokuta mafi mahimmanci, in ya zama dole. Akwai isassun dalilai don irin wannan taka tsantsan: na farko shine tsinkaye daga tushen tsarin zuwa tasirin makaniki, na biyu yana da tsawo kuma mai kaifi, daga wanda ko safofin hannu masu nauyi ba zasu kare ba.
Flowerwararrun furen fure, duk da haka, sun haɗu da wata dabara mai ban sha'awa wacce ke taimaka wa mutane da yawa don guje wa raunin da ya faru daga wani murtuke yayin dasawa - suna sanya madauki waya a tsakanin allura, wanda a lokaci guda yana ɗauka azaman garkuwa da aminci, yana jan abin da zaku iya cire shuki daga cikin abin da yake canzawa zuwa matsar da sabon akwati.
Ya kamata a ciyar da Echinocactus sau ɗaya a wata a lokacin girma tare da takin zamani na cacti da succulents.
Echinocactus gruzoni fure
Ba sau da yawa yakan zo ga yin fure na Echinocactus gruzoni, saboda samfurori ne kawai waɗanda ke da shekaru sama da 20 na iya yin fure tare da kara girma 40 cm. Amma lokacin da wannan ya faru, an shirya samansa da kyawawan furanni masu launin rawaya a launi ɗaya, wanda girmansa yakai 5 cm, da tsawon - har zuwa 7.
Kamar yadda yake da mafi yawan cacti, siffar furanni tubular ce kuma tana jin ƙoshin abinci. Corolla an haɗa shi da yawancin lanceolate petals tare da tukwici-launin ruwan shuɗi.
Echinocactus gruzoni a cikin hunturu
Daga Oktoba zuwa Fabrairu, ya kamata ya huta. A wannan lokacin, ya kamata a tura shi zuwa dakin sanyi (zazzabi kamar 12 ℃). Ba'a ba da shawarar ƙirƙirar yanayin sanyi ba, saboda yana yiwuwa a daskare tsire-tsire, sakamakon wanda zai iya rufe shi da abubuwan launin ruwan kasa.
Hakanan baya cutarwa don amfani da tsayawa don akwati tare da murtsunti don kare tushen sa daga mura. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ƙasa ya kamata ta bushe kafin kowane ruwa, don haka a cikin yanayin hunturu, lokacin da haɗarin tushen ci gaban rot ke ƙaruwa sosai, duk wani danshi za'a iya cire shi gabaɗaya.
Haɓakar ƙwayar Echinocactus
Gidan Echinocactus na iya yaduwa ta zuriya da sauran hanyoyin. Shuka ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta kusan kusan kashi 100, saboda haka an bada shawarar yin amfani da su don waɗannan dalilai. Hanyar ta ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa:
- Tsaba suna soaked tsawon sa'o'i a ruwa mai zafi.
- Sown su ba tare da zurfafa a cikin yashi a tsakiyar ko ƙarshen bazara.
- Rufe tare da fim kuma sanya shi a cikin dakin haske.
- Lokaci-lokaci, da seedlings iska, ba a za'ayi, amma suna fesa tare da haske bayani na potassium permanganate domin kauce wa abin da ya faru na putrefactive mold.
- Bayan germination (bayan kwanaki 10-30), tsiron ya yi nutsuwa cikin tukwane daban. A cikin shekarar farko, ana buƙatar yin hakan sau da yawa - ko da bayan ƙaya na farko sun bayyana kuma lokacin da seedlings suka kai girman 4-5 cm, kuma ƙarshen lokacin da aka canza canjin zuwa cakuda don cacti na manya da aka bayyana a sama.
Cutar da kwari
Echinocactus yana da cutarwa sosai garkuwa, ticks da tsutsotsi.
Za'a iya ganin tsohuwar lokacin da ƙananan filaye suka bayyana a kai, ƙarshen na aikinsu suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙirƙirar alamun mutuƙar launin ruwan kasa, na uku an gano su ta hanyar halayen farar fata.
Tare da duk waɗannan alamomin, ana tsabtace tsire-tsire a cikin ruwa mai ɗumi, yana hana danshi daga ƙasa. Idan wannan bai isa ba don kawar da kwayar gaba ɗaya, ana amfani da kwari.
