Saboda cewa kayan lambu daga baƙon mealy ba su shuɗe ba, dole ne a kiyaye gonar ta hanyar da ta dace. Tushen wannan kamuwa da cuta shine dukkanin sassan tsirrai da abin ya shafa, gami da tsaba waɗanda ke shiga ƙasa.
Tushen kamuwa da cuta na tsirrai tare da mildew powdery sune conidiospores na bazara. Haɓakawa akan mycelium, suna bayan ripening ana ɗaukar iska, saukad da danshi, tururuwa, aphids da sauran kwari. Conidia a lokacin bazara tana bada ƙarni 8-11-20 na ɓarna waɗanda ke harba sababbin tsire-tsire kuma suna sake kamuwa da rauni da marasa lafiya. A cikin hunturu, rigima ta hunturu ta haɓaka. Suna barin don hunturu kuma zasu iya wuce har zuwa shekaru 6 ba tare da rasa ikon kamuwa da cutar ba, kuma a cikin mafi kyawun yanayi (mai ɗumi, ƙazanta, ƙazanta daga ragowar kayan amfanin gona) nan da nan suka fara haɓaka ɓangaren ciyayi - mycelium.
Powdery mildew akan ganyen zucchini.
Babban mahimmancin kamuwa da cuta shine faɗuwar ganye, faɗuwar 'ya'yan itace, ragowar tsire-tsire marasa lafiya binne a cikin ƙasa. Hanya ta farko don ma'amala da raunin ba shine barin tsire-tsire masu cutar don tono, 'ya'yan itatuwa da ganyayyaki masu rauni, ya kamata a kwashe dukkanin tsire-tsire nan da nan a ƙone su. Abubuwan da aka shuka da aka shuka ko 'ya'yan itacen da aka shuka sune pathogenic ta hanyar tsarin kuma ana shigar da su cikin shuka. A hankali, mycelium tana ɗaukar duk sararin cikin ciki na shuka (da farko cutar ta bayyanar da kanta kawai a cikin ci gaba, ƙyalƙyashewa da kuma lanƙwasa ƙwayoyin ganye, musamman ma irin kabewa). A wannan lokacin, yana da kyau a fesa tsirrai tare da kwayoyi na tsare-tsare. Saduwa ba zai yi tasiri ba. Suna kula da tsirrai daga baya, lokacin da cutar ta bayyana a waje ta fuskoki akan ganye da mai tushe. Kusa da bincike na mycelium bayyana dige na duhu (ga baƙi) launuka - jaka tare da spores, wanda, a lokacin da cikakke, bude da yada bazara conidiospores, ci gaban sake zagayowar wanda rufe a cikin hunturu siffofin spores. Taduwa a kan kayan lambu kayan lambu ne mai mildew, na gaske da na ƙarya.
Powdery Mildew
Powdery mildew ne mai omnivorous pathogen wanda ke shafar dukkanin gabobin matasa na tsirrai. Powdery mildew kwanan nan ya fara shafar yanki mai girma na tsire-tsire, haɓaka siffofin musamman ga nau'ikan nau'ikan (itacen oak, Birch) ko kuma rukuni na fure, kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itace da amfanin gona berry (apple, peach, viburnum, honeysuckle, guzberi, fure, rasberi, currant). Daga cikin kayan lambu, kabewa (cucumbers, zucchini, kankana), beets, Peas, Dill, tumatir da sauransu suna shan wahala mafi yawa.
Mycelium koyaushe yana tasowa a ciki, amma yawanci yana bayyana kanta a ƙarshen May kuma daga baya a saman ɓangaren ganyayyaki a cikin nau'in walƙiya ko filayen launin shuɗi da launuka daban-daban, sannu a hankali suna ɗaukar duk ruwan ganye. Mycelium, yadawa a saman gefen ganye, a lokaci guda ya haifar da fashewa ta musamman, wanda aka gabatar dashi cikin shuka kuma yake ciyarwa da kuɗinsa. Daga baya, mycelium tare da jin murfin ya rufe dukkan tsire. A karkashin yanayi mafi kyau, kamuwa da sakandare tare da conidiospores na ripened, kuma a cikin hunturu tare da siffofin hunturu waɗanda hunturu a cikin sauran biomass (ganye, fi, ciyawa, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari) da cikin ƙasa. Sanin sake zagayowar halittu na haɓaka mildew mai ƙarfi, yana da sauƙi don ƙirƙirar tsarin matakan kariya, waɗanda aka rarrabawa cikin jiki (aikin gona), sinadarai, ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma jama'a.
Powdery mildew akan fure ganye.
Downy mildew
Mage milkew ko peronosporosis ana haifar dashi ta hanyar fungi na dangin peronospore. Ya bambanta da na yanzu, a farkon matakin ana nuna shi da rauni daga cikin ƙananan gefen ganyen ganye. A kan bangon ganyayyaki ya bayyana taɓawa da launin toka-fari ko tare da tintim mai ruwan hoda. A lokaci guda, a saman gefen ganye an rufe shi da keɓaɓɓun wurare na launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi mai ɗan haske. Bar bar juya launin rawaya, corrugate, fada a kashe. A shuka tsaya a nan ba girma, daukan wani dwarf form. The pathogen populates sako-sako, tare da wuce kima sel, tsire-tsire da aka kafa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar nitrogen overdoses, tare da rashin alli. Halin halayyar lalacewar mildew shine buƙatar zafin jiki mai zafi da safiya maraice, kuma danshi da ƙarancin yanayin zafi sun riga sun zama dole don saurin haɓaka da yaduwar cutar.
Kyakkyawan yanayi don kamuwa da cuta shine bushewar iska (60-70% zafi) tare da zazzabi a cikin kewayon + 18 ... + 20 ° С. Sabili da haka, a bushe, yanayin zafi, mara ruwa a yamma maraice ya zama dole, ƙirƙirar microclimate mai laushi kadan a cikin lokacin farin ciki na tsire-tsire. Jin zafi na dogon lokaci yana haɓaka yaduwar tispores, wanda, tare da kamuwa da cutar epiphytotic, na iya lalata kayan lambu gaba ɗaya cikin kwanaki 2-7. Tsarin ci gaba na nau'ikan raɓa iri ɗaya ne. A lokacin rani, ana iya kamuwa da tsire-tsire tare da conidiospores, kamar a mildew powdery.
Downy mildew akan farin kabeji.
Roa'idodin Agrotechnical don kare gaba da mildew powdery
- Tainunshi gadaje kayan lambu ba tare da ciyawa ba da ɓarnar shuka bayan girbi.
- Kar a tono fi na rashin lafiya a cikin ƙasa lokacin tono. Cire kuma ƙona sharan gonar da abin ya shafa.
- Game da mummunar lalacewar tsirrai a cikin bazara da ta gabata tare da mildew powdery, yana da matukar mahimmanci a lalata ƙasa tare da maganin 2-3% na tagulla na bazara a cikin bazara kafin dasa / shuka kayan lambu da sauran albarkatu (kar a kwashe su, tunda tarawar ƙarfe na hana tsire-tsire) ko tare da potassiumgangan na ƙaramin sikelin.
- Yi amfani kawai da nau'in nau'in dabbobi da ke da tsayayyen mildew a cikin kayan lambu na gida.
Amfani da biofungicides
Amfani da sinadarai ba da shawarar a gida. A yau, kasuwa ta cika da magungunan antifungal na musamman na halitta (biofungicides) don sarrafa mildew powdery. Wadannan sun hada da phytosporin, gamair, alirin, hadewa, mycosan, phytocide, bactofit, sakamako, phyto-doctor da sauran su. Dangane da tasirin su akan pathogen, samfuran halitta suna aiki kusan iri daya. Wasu daga cikin kwayoyi suna hulɗa, wasu suna da tsari, wato, suna shiga cikin tsirrai kuma suna lalata pathogen din. Don haɓaka tasirin su, yana da kyau a shirya gaurayawan tanki don jiyya, bin ƙa'idodin dosages da daidaituwa mai dacewa. Lokacin sayen magani, nemi shawarwari masu rahusa, waɗanda ke ba da allurai, lokutan magani, ƙididdigar tsararraki da sauran mahimman bayanan don tsara yadda yakamata a shuka tsirrai.
Powdery mildew akan innabi.
Lokacin aiki tare da biofungicides, lura da tsire-tsire yana farawa 1-2 makonni bayan dasawa seedlings ko taro na tsire-tsire da aka shuka kuma ana aiwatar da shi a kowane kwanaki 10-12 a duk lokacin girma, har zuwa girbi. Ruwan sha iska mai sauki ana iya kawar da biofungicides ta hanyar ruwan ban ruwa da ruwan sama, saboda haka, suna buƙatar maimaitawa fiye da maganin sunadarai. Amma karuwar lokacin da aka kashe akan sarrafawa yana biyan masu cikakken lahani ga mutane da dabbobi.
Kariyar sunadarai
Karka yi amfani da magunguna a gida. Idan akwai cutar kuturta, zaku iya amfani da magungunan, amma kafin fure kuma nan da nan bayan sa, sannan kuma ku canza zuwa magungunan halittu ko magunguna. Daga cikin sinadaran (ƙarancin cutarwa ga jiki), zamu iya bayar da shawarar sarrafa tsire-tsire tare da maganin 1% na sulfate na tagulla, mafita na sha ko soda ash. Haɗa 25 g na miyagun ƙwayoyi tare da lita 5 na ruwan zafi, narke 25 g na sabulu na wanki (azaman m). Dama maganin, kwantar da tsire-tsire. Wadannan jiyya suna gudana ne kafin da bayan fure. Daga cikin sauran magungunan, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da su, tare da duk matakan kariya na kiwon lafiya da lura da matakan kulawa, topaz, topsin-M, bayleton, fundazim, fundozol, scor, quadrice-SK, tilt, rake, Previkur.
Deaukar mily a kan ganye na Basil.
Folk magunguna don powdery mildew
Powdery mildew za'a iya lalata ta hanyar da suke a cikin kowane gida: ash, tafarnuwa, potassiumgangan, mustard, kayan ado da infusions na ganye tare da kaddarorin fungicidal.
- Don dafa abinci ash bayani a cikin lita 5 na ruwa mai tsanani zuwa 40 ° C, motsa 0.5 kilogiram na ash kuma barin kwanaki 4-5. Iya warware matsalar an zuga sau da yawa a rana. Tace, ƙara ruwa har zuwa 10 l, narke 50 g na sabulu mai wanki da fesa da tsire-tsire, ƙoƙarin sanyaya layuka na sama da ƙananan ganyayyaki. Ragowar ash yana narkewa da ruwa kuma ana shayar da tsire-tsire a ƙarƙashin tushe.
- Idan kuna buƙatar gaggawa fesa tsire-tsire, zaku iya shirya mafita mai sauri. 150 g na ash gauraye da lita 5 na ruwa, tafasa don awanni 0.5. Cool, tace kuma yayyafa tsire.
- Yayyafa tsirrai potassium permanganateta hanyar shirya maganin 2.5 g na miyagun ƙwayoyi tare da 10 l na ruwa. Yana ba da kyakkyawan sakamako lokacin fesawa a farkon ci gaban cutar bayan kwanaki 5 na makonni 2.
- 250 g tafarnuwa a yanka sosai, nace cikin ruwa 10 na tsawon sa'o'i 24, a tace kuma a kula da tsirrai.
- Idan buƙatar sarrafa tsire-tsire sun zo tare da cirewa tafarnuwa tafarnuwa, to, cika bulo 0.5 na kibiyoyi da ruwa, a bar kwana guda. Filter kuma yayyafa tsire-tsire tare da wannan jiko.
- A cikin kayan gida ko kayan taimakon farko, akwai koyaushe bushe mustard. Kwai biyu ba tare da saman bushe mustard diluted a cikin guga na ruwan zafi. Za'a iya amfani da maganin da ke sanyaya don spraying da ban ruwa.
Shawarwarin amfani da ganye tare da kaddarorin fungicidal suna da yawa akan rukunoni na musamman. Amma amfani da kayan ado da infusions na ganye, yi hankali. Kada kuyi amfani da ganye mai guba, saboda zasu iya haifar da guba na mambobi na iyali.
Yi hankali lokacin amfani da magunguna don fesawa. (aidin, da sauransu), da shawarar sosai a yau akan shafuka da kuma cikin shirye-shiryen. Iodine a cikin kananan allurai magani ne, amma tarawa cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa, ya zama guba ga jiki. Kuma irin waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa ba za su kawo fa'idodi ga jiki ba. Tuna! Komai yayi kyau cikin matsakaici.
