Dahlias - Kariya da Adanawa

Kariyar sanyi

Dahlia bar cikin bushewar yanayin yanayin wahala sanyi-gajere frosts zuwa -0.5 ° - -1 °. Kawai wasu daga cikin duhu ake lura. Dahlia mai tushe tana jure rashin lokacin sanyi zuwa -2 °. A tsakiyar yankin, farkon sanyi na farko yana faruwa ne a matsakaita akan Satumba 8-17, kuma ana ganin yawancin lokacin sanyi a farkon Satumba. Wani lokacin har zuwa 10 Satumba sun isa -4, -6 °. A wannan zafin jiki, ba kawai ganye, buds da inflorescences mutu, har ma da mai tushe.

Dahlia (Dahlia) an Stan Shebs

Idan Dandalin mai tushe ya lalace, Tushen, kamar matatun mai ƙarfi, suna ci gaba da ba da ruwan 'ya'yan itace tare da narkar da abubuwan gina jiki zuwa ɓangaren m, kuma capillaries da aka lalace ta hanyar sanyi ba zasu iya ba su zuwa ganyayyaki ba, wurare dabam dabam sun tarwatse, ruwan' ya'yan itace da aka tara a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren kara yana fara lalata, wanda ke haifar da lalata lalata dahlia kuma duka tarin fuka. Sabili da haka, tare da lalacewar sanyi mai tushe ga mai tushe, yana da gaggawa don fara digging dah.

Yawancin lokaci, bayan ɗan gajeren lokacin sanyi na kaka, yanayin har yanzu yana da kyau na dogon lokaci, wani lokacin har zuwa wata daya. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a dauki duk matakan da suka dace don kare tsirrai daga sanyi na farko. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa waɗanda za ku iya kare dahlias daga sanyi: tsire-tsire na tsari, dumama da wuta, murhu, da sauransu. Amma duk suna da tsada, masu ɗaukar lokaci, ko ba za a iya dogara da su ba. Hanyar da ta fi dacewa don ma'amala da sanyi - allon hayaƙi - sau da yawa, musamman a cikin iska, ba ya ba da tasirin da ake so.

Dahlia (Dahlia) © Loïc Evanno

Hanya mai sauƙi da tasiri don kare tsire-tsire daga dusar ƙanƙara shine yayyafawa, tasirin kariya wanda ya dogara akan gaba. Ruwa a cikin tsarin samar da ruwa ko rijiyoyin yana da zazzabi ba ƙasa da + 6 ° kuma lokacin da ya ragu da 1 ° 1 m³ ruwa yana fitar da babban adadin kuzari 1000 na zafi. Yayyafa kanta yana ƙara zafi da iskar, wanda a cikin sa, yakan rage zafin rana daga ƙasa da shuka. A lokaci guda, ƙasa mai laushi, saboda karuwa a cikin ɗakunan motsa jiki, yana canja wurin zafi zuwa saman farfajiyar iska. Ruwan da ke zaune akan daskararruwar daskarewa, sannu a hankali yana saka shi da bakin ciki, amma ɓoyayyen kankara. Zazzabi a karkashin wannan kwandon kankara baya fada kasa -0.5 °. Ice ya ceci shuka daga daskararre. A lokacin tusa, iska ke saurin lalacewa kuma yana tare da zafin rana. Wannan yana taimakawa ga jinkirin narkewar kankara a cikin wurare na intercellular da kuma sha ruwa daga garesu ta hanyar kwayoyin halittar.

A ƙarshen faɗuwar 1959, an gudanar da waɗannan gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa a cikin Lambun na Botanical Main: an girka mai wanki a wurin dahlia. A lokacin girma, ana amfani dashi don ban ruwa, a lokacin sanyi - don kare tsire-tsire ta hanyar yayyafa shi. An watsa ruwa ba tare da nozzles tare da kewayon 3.5-4 m. Ana haɗa ƙananan nebulizer tare da rami mai laushi zuwa cibiyar sadarwar samar da ruwa kuma an shigar dashi a nesa na 8 m daga juna tare da tsakiyar layi na kowane aikin aiki a tsayi na 1.5 m. har sai zafin jiki ya tashi sama da 0 °. A zafin jiki na -4 °, an rufe tsire-tsire da kankara kankara.

Dahlia (Dahlia) © Loïc Evanno

Daidaitawa ya nuna cewa yawan zafin jiki na iska a yankin da yake yayyafa ya kasance ko da yaushe 2 ° sama yake a wuraren da ba a yi ruwa ba.

Duk da cewa yawan zafin jiki na iska ya sauka zuwa -6 ° a ranar 28 ga Satumbar, dahlias a yankin da ke yayyafa bayan dusar kankara tana da matsala, yayin da tsire-tsire masu sarrafa kansu suka mutu.

Weaker yana yin sanyi a ranar 30 ga Satumba da 3 ga Oktoba bai ma haifar da kirkirar kankara ba, duk da cewa yawan zafin jiki a cikin iska a cikin yankin da ba shi da kariya ba ya kai -3 °. Har sai da kafaffen yanayin yanayin dare mara kyau daga wadannan tsire-tsire, an yanke ingantaccen inflorescences. Binciken da aka gudanar bayan tono sama da tubers ya nuna cewa tsire-tsire masu kariya ta hanyar yayyafa shi a cikin kwanaki 12 bayan daskarewa na farko ya ba da gagarumin ƙaruwa a cikin nauyin ƙwayar idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa.

Hanyar yafa yana tsawan lokacin tsiro a cikin ƙasa a buɗe. Ya kamata a fi amfani dashi a cikin floriculture.

Dahlia (Dahlia) © Cillas

Tsaftacewa da ajiya na tushen tubers

Kafin farkon babban yanayin sanyi, lokacin da sanyi mai zafi ta farko ta doke mafi yawan ganye na Dahlia, yana da gaggawa a fara narke tushen tubers.

Yawancin lokaci suna tono a ƙarshen Satumba - farkon Oktoba a cikin yanayi mai kyau a yanayin zafi da yawa don tushen tubers na iya samun iska mai kyau. Ana yin haƙa mafi kyau kafin tsakar rana, kamar yadda awanni 3-4 kafin maraice za su bushe sannan kuma da maraice suna shirye don girbi. Don tono Dahlia, kuna buƙatar samun digging biyu na shebur ko cokali biyu na lambun, wani ɓarna, ƙyallen sheda don yankan mai kaifi da wuƙa don datse garters. Na farko, an yanke mai tushe daga tsire-tsire da yawa, alal misali, daga layuka 2-3, sannan an cire sandunan, an cire alamun. Bayan wannan, an haƙa Tushen tushen daga ƙasa kuma an ɗaure alamun taurari. Lokacin yin digging, dole ne a gwada kada a lalata tushen tubers. Don yin wannan, komawa daga ragowar kara (hemp) ta 15-25 cm, suna tono Tushen tuber daga dukkan bangarorin, a hankali sun ɗaga shi, suna riƙe kututture, ɗan ƙaraɗa ƙasa daga sama tare da hannu kuma a hankali cire shi. Kar a ɗaga da girgiza ƙwayar ƙwayar daga ƙasa don kututture. Wannan na iya lalata wuyan tushen tubers. Cire wuya a wuyan tare da tushen tukunyar, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana haifar da mutuwar bututun tushe a cikin hunturu.

Tushen Dahlia © quinn.anya

A kan filayen yumbu masu nauyi, yana da kyau a yi ta tono tubers tare da farar hular ko kuma shebur biyu daga ɓangarorin biyu, suna dawo da baya daga hemp zuwa tsawon da tubers. Tare da taimakon kayan wasan lambun ko shebur biyu, ana dasa tushen a tsaye zuwa sama tare da dunƙule dunƙulen ƙasa kuma a sanya shi a hankali har ma da wani wuri, da ɗan girgiza saboda yawancin duniya ya girgiza, ragowar ƙasa tana girgiza tare da hura wutar wutar dabino ko katako a cikin kara (hemp). Tare da raunana tubers yana da kyau kada ku girgiza ƙasa. Lokacin da tushen tubers an dan kadan weathered da sassan da mai tushe suna dan kadan bushe, suna nan da nan don adana tare da dunƙule na duniya. Idan za a adana tushen tubers a cikin kantin sayar da babban zafi, tushen tubers an bushe sosai sosai.

Adana lokacin hunturu na tushen Dahlia lokaci ne mai nauyi da mahimmanci. A cikin al'adun akwai mutane da yawa da yawa irin dahlias, wanda samar da kyawawan manyan m tushen tubers da za a iya adana a cikin hunturu a karkashin wani yanayi. Koyaya, sabon nau'in dahlia na matasan da aka kirkira kwanan nan ta hanyar masu shayarwa na Rasha da na kasashen waje, waɗanda suka fi mahimmanci fiye da tsohuwar iri a launi da falalar siffar inflorescences, galibi suna ƙasa da tsohuwar iri a cikin juriya yayin ajiya. Koyaya, batun wasu ka'idoji na ajiya, sabbin iri suna kiyaye su sosai.

Dahlia (Dahlia) © Olaf Leillinger

Hanya mafi kyau don adana tushen Dahlia shine zazzabi na +3 - + 6 °. Ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman don zafi a cikin ajiya, wanda ya kamata a kiyaye shi tsakanin 60-75%. Idan za ta yiwu, dah ɗin ya kamata ya kasance ta kasance ta hanyar iska ta buɗe ko kuma ta kowane fanni mai ɗaukar hoto ko a tsaye. Lokaci na motsi na iska a cikin ajiya yana ba ka damar kula da yanayin ɗakinsa, wanda ke hana ci gaba da cututtukan fungal.

Kafin sanya Tushen Tushen don ajiyar hunturu, ya zama dole don lalata ajiyar a gaba tare da fumigation na sulfur a cikin 50 g na sulfur a 1 m³ girma na dakin. A lokacin fumigation, shagon ya kamata a rufe, duk wuraren buɗewa suna ɗaure da ƙarfi. Bayan wannan, ajiya yana da kyau a hankali tare da bayani na ruwan wuta ko lemun tsami wanda aka sabka.

Sanya bututun tushen dahlia don ajiya a cikin layuka ɗaya ko biyu a kan sandararriyar ƙasa, yashi ko sigogin katako.

Tushen Dahlia Supp Tushen Abincin

A lokacin hunturu, aƙalla sau ɗaya a wata, ya kamata a bincika tushen tumatir kuma yakamata a ɗauki matakan da suka dace da yanayin lalacewar da aka gano. Mutuwar tushen tubers a cikin hunturu na iya zama sanadiyyar lalatattun matalauta (tare da dasa shuki ko tsiro a kan m, ƙasa mai sanyi, musamman a ƙananan wurare), kazalika da mummunan tasirin fari na farko a kan dahlias tare da ƙwanƙwasa tushe, daga maɗaurin saman miya, musamman maimaita maɗaukaki da takin ma'adinai high a cikin nitrogen. A cikin tsire-tsire masu girma da girma da kyau, kyallen da wuya da ƙwayayen ke kwance, ba su da yawa. Tushen tubers na waɗannan tsire-tsire yawanci ana kiyaye shi sosai. Adana Tushen Tushen a cikin hunturu kuma ya dogara da yanayin damina - a cikin busasshen bushewa ko damuna na bazai karɓi wadatattun abubuwan gina jiki ba kuma basu da isasshen lokacin da zasu isa yadda yakamata; daga yanayin da aka haƙa - a cikin yanayin sanyi, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta fara faɗo, ko kuma ya fi wahalar tono a cikin ruwan sama, tubers suna da ruwa, masu nauyi, da sauƙi a kashe su juya a cikin ajiya. Amincin Tushen Tushen shima ya dogara da halaye na tsire-tsire.

Daidai la'akari da waɗannan abubuwan duka, yana yiwuwa a cimma kusan amincin dukkanin tushen dahlias.

Tsakanin yan koyo da masu aikin fure, an kirkiro fasahohi iri daban daban don kiyaye tushen Dahlia. Wannan dabi'a ce, saboda kowane mai girbi yana da ayyukansa na musamman na noma don tsiro, tsiro daban-daban, yanayi daban-daban, yanayi daban-daban na tushen tsiro. Sabili da haka, ba za a iya samun madaidaitan dokokin ajiya.

Babban ɗan shayarwa A. A. Grushetsky, ba shi da ajiya ta musamman, ya riƙe tushen Dahlia a cikin ɗakin yanayi a zazzabi na +12 - + 20 °. Dug fitar da tushen tubs, ƙoƙarin kada su lalata, ya girgiza ƙasa kuma ya shimfiɗa ta a cikin greenhouse. Tare da bude kofofin bude kofofin taga tsawon kwanaki 5-6, sai ya bushe su da kyau, sannan ya yanke duk wasu kananan Tushen da digogin tsohuwar shekarar bara, ya gajarta mai tushe, yana barin kututtukan 2-3 cm tsawo daga wuya. Yayyafa wuraren yanka tare da lemun tsami-gyada ko greased tare da lemun tsami. Kafin kwanciya har sati daya, ta kiyaye tushen tubers a zazzabi na +20 - + 25 °. A wannan lokacin, hutu da sassan suna da lokaci don zama rufe da abin toshe kwalaba. Daga nan sai na shirya akwatina na 80x50x60 cm tare da takarda mai kauri. An zubar ƙasa da bushe a ƙasa (Layer 3 cm). Bayan haka, sai ya fara sa tushen tsiron. Kowane layi na tushen tubers, bayan an sanya saman, an rufe shi da ƙasa kuma a saman akwatin an rufe shi da takarda. A cikin wannan kunshin, an kiyaye dahlias kusan 100%.

Mutane da yawa masoya kafin sa tushen tubers domin hunturu ajiya tsari da su a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate. A.N. Grot ya tsara tushen tsiran kamar haka. Tushen Tushen da aka tono daga ƙasa nan da nan cikin nutsuwa cikin ruwa awanni da yawa (daga awanni 3 zuwa 12). Bayan haka, tare da jet na ruwa ko buroshi, ya wanke adreshin yumbu ya katse duk asalinsu na bakin ciki. Bayan haka, sai ya canza su zuwa cikin jirgin ruwa tare da mafita na potassiumgangan wanda ya sa ƙwayayen sun kasance cikin ruwa tare da hagu na tushe. Maganin yakamata ya kasance yana da launi mai shuɗi mai duhu. Hakanan 'yar kwalliyar ba za ta iya tsayawa daga awa 0 zuwa awa 2. A sakamakon haka, ya kamata su sayo launin duhu mai launin shuɗi ko launin ruwan kasa mai haske. Idanu da koren kore, wasu lokuta suna fitowa a faɗuwa, kada ku wahala daga wannan, koda kuwa ana rage launin tushen tubers zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Tubersa'idodin da aka tsufa a cikin mafita, ba tare da bushewa ba, an sanya su a cikin ginshiki kuma bayan kwanaki 2-3 an rufe su da yashi mai tsabta ɗan kadan. Wannan hanyar shirya tushen tubers don ajiya an bayar da kusan kusan 100% kiyayewa.

Wani ɗan fure mai son kayan lambu S. G. Valikov yana adana tushen tsiran Dahlia a cikin ginin ƙasa mai laushi a cikin sandboxes. Ya bushe da bushe tushen tubers, tsabtace su daga ƙasa, sa'an nan kuma ta kawar da duk kananan Tushen, lalace da kuma najasa Tushen. Kara yana fita sama da 8 cm daga tushe mai wuya. Yana shirya akwatina (yawanci katako, bakin ciki-walled), ya bushe su, ya rufe ƙasa da ganuwar tare da takaddun labarai na biyu, kuma a hankali yana ɗaure tushen tubers. Sannan ya yayyafa su da ruwan yashi mai yalwar ruwan sanyi domin akwai ƙaramin yashi a saman tubers. Ya rufe akwatunan daga sama tare da takarda kuma ya sanya su cikin ɗakunan ƙasa, yana sanya ɗaya a saman ɗayan a cikin layuka biyu. A wannan matsayi, tushen Dahlia ya ci gaba har sai lokacin bazara.

A cikin hunturu, S. G. Valikov kowane wata yana yin binciken da kwalaye. Lokacin da mastan ya bayyana, sai ya goge akwatunan tare da ragumar bushewa. A cikin ginshiki guda ake adana dankali, sauerkraut, cucumbers da sauran pickles. Yawan zafin jiki na cikin ƙasa yana daga +2 - + 6 °. Yanayin zafi a cikin ajiya koyaushe ya kamata a ƙara girma, ba ƙasa da 70% ba. Ta wannan hanyar adana, ɓata shekara na tsawon shekaru 18 aƙalla 4% na yawan tubersanyen da aka shuka.

Mai yawa matsala da jin cizon yatsa ba lambu ajiya na tushen tubers girma daga cuttings. Tushen tubers na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire waɗanda aka ciyar da su tare da kowane nau'in saka ruwa na sama tare da babban abun ciki na nitrogen ana adana talauci. Wadannan tsire-tsire girma wildly, Bloom da kyau, amma tushen su tubers samar da friable, mai rauni, tare da babban adadin kananan tushen asalin rauni. Irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin tumatir suna da mafi kyawun adana su tare da dunƙule na ƙasa, ba tare da girgiza ba, dan kadan sanya iska kuma bushewa a cikin sabon iska yayin rami. Sa'an nan ana sanya tubers a cikin ginshiki, da iska mai kyau ta iska. Idan ƙasa ta yaɗu daga tushen tubers da tarin ƙwayar cuta ba ta da rauni, to bayan bushewa mai sauƙi ana ba da shawarar a ninka su cikin akwatin kuma an rufe su da peat, ƙasa ko yashi.

Musamman nau'in nau'in Dahlia za a iya yada shi kuma a adana shi ta hanyar kayan bazara, a ɗaukar dukkan harbe daga pinching. Tushen daskararre da aka dasa a cikin tukwane suna fallasa su a wani wuri mai haske. Wadannan tsirrai suna zama kore duk lokacin hunturu. Tabbas, wannan hanyar zaka iya ajiye adadi kaɗan na tsirrai.

Yankunan yankan rani (daga Yuni zuwa Agusta) a cikin tukwane, tare da farawa na sanyi, an tsabtace su a cikin ɗaki mai ɗumi, kuma, in ya yiwu, suna ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa yanayin girma. Sa'an nan,, a ƙarshen ƙarshen Oktoba, an yanke mai tushe na cuttings, kuma bayan bushewa, an cire tukwane tare da nodules zuwa ɗakin ƙasa (ajiya).

S. G. Valikov ya gudanar da gwaje-gwajen kan kiyaye nodules da suka girma daga tsire-tsire na lokacin rani. Kamar yadda waɗannan gwaje-gwajen suka nuna, grafting na Yuni yana ba da tsari na al'ada na ƙananan amma ya isa sosai da balaguron tsufa waɗanda ke da kyau. Ya ajiye su a farfajiyar da ke da ƙasa mai laushi a cikin kwalaye da aka rufe da peat mai ƙasa ko yashi. Amincin nodules ya kasance kashi 75-85.

A watan Yuli, nodules sun yi yawa sosai kuma sun yi girma sosai. Ya kiyaye irin wannan nodules da mai tushe 10-20 cm mai tsayi, ya nannade su a cikin takarda mai kauri, ya sa su cikin akwatuna ya yayyafa shi da peat a saman. Amincin Tushen Tushen ya kasance 60-80%.

Wani lokaci yayin watan Yuni da Agusta a cikin itace a buɗe, ba kafa nodules ba, amma ana yin karshin (callus) da taro na ƙananan Tushen, abin da ake kira "gemu". S. G. Valikov ya ajiye irin waɗannan samfuran tare da mai tushe 16-25 cm a cikin peat. Bai girgiza ƙasa daga tsire-tsire da aka haƙa ba, ya cire ganyayen, ya takaita maɓarnata, ya shimfiɗa kowane takarda akan takarda tare da peat da aka zuba a kai, kuma a hankali a nade shi. Samfuran da aka shirya ta wannan hanyar suna cikin kwantena a cikin akwatunan da ke peat da peat. Ta wannan hanyar, adana kusan 50%, kuma yayin ajiyar al'ada, ko ma samfuran "gemu" cike da yashi ko peat ba a kiyaye su gaba ɗaya.