Barkono Bulgaria - ɗayan mafi yawan kayan lambu masu ƙaunataccen kayan lambu. Amma ya kamata a lura cewa ba kowa bane ke sarrafa don samun kyakkyawan amfanin wannan amfanin gona. Bari mu ga yadda ake buƙatar girma.
Kayan lambu barkono. H Eric HuntAmfana
Barkono mai zaki (musamman ja da rawaya) sunfi lemon tsami har ma da blackcurrant a cikin sinadarin Vitamin C! Haka kuma, mafi yawan sinadarin ascorbic acid na dauke da kusanto da sandar, watau, a wannan bangare na 'ya'yan itacen da muke sarewa yayin tsabtatawa.
A cikin barkono, an haɗu da ascorbic acid tare da adadin Vitamin P (rutin) mai yawa. Irin wannan al'umma tana taimakawa wajen karfafa jijiyoyin jini da rage girman ganuwar su.
Lititamin A yana a cikin barkono: yawan amfanin yau da kullum na 30-40 g 'ya'yan itatuwa yana motsa haɓaka gashi, yana inganta gani, fata da fata na jiki.
Yana da arziki a cikin bitamin B1, B2, B6 da PP, sabili da haka, mutanen da ke da damuwa, ciwon sukari, edema, dermatitis, da rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, rashin bacci, da asarar ƙarfi yakamata a haɗa da barkono kararrawa a menu.
Kayan lambu barkono. Matti PaavonenTsarin gado
A karkashin barkono, inda ake samun ingantaccen ciyawa, ciyawar, babu iska, an aminta da shi, a inda aka sami kabeji, ganyaye, kayan amfanin gona, da ciyawar kore kafin hakan. Ba za ku iya dasa barkono ba inda dankali, tumatir, physalis, taba, da barkono da eggplant suka girma a bara.
Dogayen ya kamata ya zama isasshen isasshen ciyawa, da ruwa mai kyau kuma ya sami ikon riƙe ruwa. Idan kasar ta kasance loamy, to, a 1 m² ƙara guga na rotted sawdust, 1 guga na rotted da bulo 2 na peat. Kuma idan gado an yi shi da ƙasa mai laushi, to, ban da humus da peat, an ƙara guga mai yashi mai cike da kayan kwalliya da guga na ƙaramar-overripe sawdust zuwa ƙasa.
A kan gado na peat ƙara guga na humus da guga na ƙasa mai laushi ta 1 m². An ƙara buckets biyu na peat, ƙasa mai yumɓu, humus da guga na sawdust a kan yashi.
Baya ga duk wannan, gilashin itace ash, 1 tbsp. cokali na superphosphate, potassium sulfate da teaspoon na urea. Fresh taki ba a kara. An haƙa ƙasa har zuwa cikakken zurfin shebur baƙo. Dogayen riguna suna da girman 25-30 cm, har zuwa 90-100 cm fadi (zaɓi na tsawon). Bayan digging, an share farfajiya, an shayar da shi tare da zafi (80-90 ° C) mullein bayani (0.5 l na mullein mullein an narkar da shi a cikin 10 l na ruwa) ko kuma sodium humate bayani (1 tbsp. Liquid humate a 10 l na ruwa), a cikin kudi na 3 4 lita ta 1 m2 na gadaje ko 2 tbsp. tablespoons da lita 10 na busasshen ruwa Alamar Tumatir, ruwa 3-4 a kowace 1 m². Bayan wannan, sun sauka.
Saukowa
Ana dasa barkono a nesa na 40-45 cm daga juna tare da tazara tsakanin layuka na 50-60 cm.
Ana iya dasa shi a cikin hanyar da ke da faɗin murabba'i 60x60 cm, yana sanya tsire 2 a cikin kowace rijiya,; ko 70x70 cm, tare da tsire-tsire 3 da aka dasa barkono.
Ana dasa barkono da yamma. Tsire-tsire suna cikin zurfafa a cikin ƙasa zuwa farkon nau'i na ganye na gaskiya.
A lokacin narkar da barkono kararrawa, ya kamata a lura cewa ganyayyaki da harbe na barkono suna da laushi, mai rauni, cikin sauƙin karya, don haka lokacin dasawa, kar a manta da a saka pegs a jikin kowace itaciya don ci gaba da garter.
Bayan dasawa da shuka, an rufe gado tare da fim mai tsabta, wanda aka jefa akan arcs waɗanda aka yi da waya, 100 cm tsayi daga ginin gado. Idan an dasa shuki a tsakiyar watan Mayu, an rufe gado da fim mai ninka. Suna buɗe fim kawai lokacin da aka kafa pagoda mai dumi, wannan ya kasance ne kusan 15 ga Yuni. Ba sharri da dare, har ma a lokacin rani, don rufe gonar. Ana samun sakamako mai kyau idan ba a cire fim ɗin daga gadaje ba, amma a wasu lokuta kawai ana ɗaga su daga gefen kudu ko yamma.
Lokacin da girma barkono kararrawa, kula cewa bayan dasawa don kwanaki 10-12, tsire-tsire suna rashin lafiya kuma suna girma a hankali, don haka tushen tsarin ya ɗauki tushe. Don taimaka musu, ya zama dole a yi murɗaɗa (5 cm) kwance (don mafi kyawun iska a cikin tsarin tushe), kuma tare da shawo kan ruwa ya zama dole jira kaɗan, amma saboda ƙasa ba ta bushewa.
Kayan lambu barkono, shuka. Z H. ZellWatse
Ruwan barkono kafin fure sau ɗaya a mako a cikin nauyin 10-12 a kowace 1 m² ta hanyar yayyafawa daga abin sha. Idan yanayi yayi zafi, yawan ruwa ya ninka biyu. A lokacin furanni da 'ya'yan itace, ana shayar da tsire-tsire a ƙarƙashin tushen 1-2 sau a mako, lita 10 a kowace 1 m², dangane da yanayin yanayi.
Yawancin lambu suna zuwa shafin kawai a karshen mako, wanda a cikin yanayi ne ake shayar da gadaje a farashin 15 a kowace 1 m².
Rage ban ruwa koyaushe ya kasance mai zafi (25 ° C). A kowane hali kada ku zuba ruwan sanyi, in ba haka ba tsire-tsire sun daina girma, kuma lokutan furanni da 'ya'yan itace suna jinkiri.
A lokacin bazara, ana yin barkono daga sutturar asali 3 zuwa 5 tare da tazara tsakanin kwanaki 10-12.
Manyan miya yayin fure
A cikin ganga 10-giya (100 l), tsarma 1 kilogiram na takin gargajiya na bushewa, a haɗe sosai sai a zuba lita 1 na maganin a kowace shuka 1.
- Miyar miya: a cikin ganga 10-guga (100 l), sa 5-6 kilogiram na yankakken nettle, ganyen dandelion, plantain, coltsfoot, woodlice (alamar asma), ƙara guga na mullein da 10 tbsp. tablespoons na itace ash. Zuba ganga a saman ruwa, hadawa sosai. Bayan mako guda, ana samun sutura mai kyau. Kafin ciyar da tsirrai, maganin yana hade da shayar 1 l kowace shuka. Sauran maganin ana amfani dashi akan wasu al'adun.
Kayan lambu barkono. © AlkaliFertilizing a lokacin fruiting
'Yan wasan farko. An zuba guga na tsuntsu na mushy a cikin ganga (100 l) kuma an zuba kofuna biyu na nitrophoska, an zuba ruwa da ruwa da kyau. Kwanaki 3-5 kafin sutura, saro maganin kuma zuba ruwa 1-2 a kowace shuka, ko zuba 10 tbsp a cikin ganga. tablespoons na busassun alamar Alamar tumatir, Mix da kyau da kuma zuba lita 1 a kowace shuka.
Kwanaki 12 bayan wannan rigimar ta sake yin wani abin miya.
Haɗin na biyu. An zuba guga na mullein a cikin ganga, rabin guga na ƙwayar tsuntsaye kuma ana zuba kofuna 1 na urea, an zuba shi da ruwa kuma a gauraya da kyau. Bayan kwanaki 3-5, ana zuga mafita kuma ana shayar da lita 5-6 a 1 m² ko 0.5 l (kwalban) na “Gaske” an zuba a cikin ganga, ana shayar da lita 5 a kowace 1 m².
Dukkanin kayan miya ana yinsu ne a kan ƙasa mai laushi, i.e., kwanaki 2-3 kafin miya babba, ya zama dole a shayar da gado da ruwa. Zazzabi na kowane mafita ya zama aƙalla 25-30 ° C. A lokacin furanni da 'ya'yan itace, ban da riguna masu ɗumi, ana yayyafa ƙasa da ash, cokali 1-2 a 1 m² na gadaje.
Pepper samuwar
Don samar da karamin daji tare da ingantattun harbe-harben kusurwoyi, ya zama dole don cire saman babban tushe lokacin da inji mai barkono ya kai girman 20-25 cm.The tsire-tsire masu ƙwaya da sauri zasu fara reshe. Daga dukkan harbe-harbe da suka bayyana, kawai 4-5 saman (childrena stepan yara) sun ragu, kuma an cire sauran. A gefen harbe na hagu, za a kirkiro amfanin gona. A lokaci guda, an bar 'ya'yan itacen 20-25 a kan tsire-tsire barkono, kuma 16-20 akan tsire-tsire. Ba za ku iya tsunkule ba, amma cire karin stepan uwa.
Gabaɗaya, farauta mataki ne mai mahimmanci a cikin narkar da barkono kararrawa. A cikin yanayin zafi, gumi, sahun gaba, musamman na ƙananan yara, dole ne, kuma akasin haka, a cikin lokacin zafi, lokacin bazara, tsire-tsire ba sa tsami. A lokaci guda, ganye mai ganye yana kare ƙasa a ƙarƙashin daji daga rashin ruwa daga danshi.
Samun naka tsaba. Don samun 'ya'yan itacen barkono, ana ɗaukar' ya'yan itace masu launin ja ko rawaya mai haske (dangane da iri-iri), a yanka su a cikin da'irar da ke kusa da calyx, sannan kuma su fitar da ƙwayar zuriya tare da tsaba don ciyawar. Don kwanaki da yawa, masu noman an bushe (kwanaki 3-4) a zazzabi na 25-30 ° C, kuma bayan wannan an raba tsaba. An saka su a cikin jakar takarda kuma a adana su a cikin wani wuri mai dumin bushewa tsawon shekaru 5-6. Ana adana tsaba har zuwa shekaru 5 a cikin jakar takarda a wuri mai bushe.
Kayan lambu barkono. Kurmi & Kim StarrDaban-daban na barkono kararrawa don buɗe tsaka-tsakin ƙasa
Ana shuka barkono mai zaki daban da mai ɗaci, saboda suna iya tsallakewa, a cikin wannan yanayin zaki da zakiyi zaiyi ɗaci.
'Yarima Azurfa'- da yawa daga farkon ripening. Tsirren tsirrai mai tsawon 45-68 cm An ba da shawarar don matattarar fina-finai da buɗe ƙasa. Shuka seedlings a ƙarshen Fabrairu - farkon Maris, wanda aka dasa a cikin greenhouse a tsakiyar watan Mayu. Yana yiwuwa a shuka a cikin ƙasa bayan sanyi na ƙarshe, a zazzabi ƙasa na akalla + 10 ° C. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu launi ne, masu laushi, a cikin ripeness na fasaha - rawaya, a cikin ilimin halitta - jan Kauri bango shine 5-6.5 mm, matsakaicin nauyi shine 85-95 g. Yawan amfanin gonar daya shine 2.2-2.6 kg. Yin tsayayya da hadadden cututtuka.
'Hercules'- tsakiyar-kaka iri-iri, m shuka, daidaitacce, 40-60 cm tsayi .. Anyi shawarar don greenhouses da bude ƙasa. Shuka seedlings a ƙarshen Fabrairu, an dasa shi a cikin greenhouse a cikin tsakiyar Mayu, a cikin ƙasa buɗe bayan sanyi na ƙarshe (ƙarancin ƙasa aƙalla + 10 ° C). 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne masu ɗorewa, mai laushi, koren duhu a cikin ingantaccen ɗanɗano, ja a cikin kayan ƙirar halitta, nauyi daga 120-140 g zuwa 200 g. Yawan amfanin gonar daya shine 2.5-3.0 kg. Yin tsayayya da hadadden cututtuka.
'Arsenal'- tsakiyar-kaka iri-iri, 36-70 cm tsayi.Za iya girma a cikin gidajen kore da fim a cikin ƙasa. Seedlings suna sown a ƙarshen Fabrairu, a tsakiyar May ana shuka su ne a cikin wani greenhouse, da kuma bayan ta ƙarshe frosts - a bude ƙasa. Matsayin 'ya'yan itacen a kan shuka yana drooping. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu launi ne na fure, a cikin kayan aikin fure mai haske, a cikin riɓan ɗan adam, mai nauyin 85-120 g. Yawan amfanin gona daya shine kilogram 2.3-2.7.
'Cow kunne'- shuka mai tsayi daga 65-80 cm na matsattsen rahusa. Shuka seedlings a ƙarshen Fabrairu - farkon Maris, kuma aka dasa a cikin greenhouse a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Mayu. Dasa a cikin ƙasa bayan sanyi na ƙarshe, a zazzabi ƙasa na akalla + 10 ° C. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sune elongated-conical, mai laushi, koren duhu a cikin ripeness na fasaha, ja a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ɗan adam, matsakaicin nauyin 115-140 g, wani lokacin ya kai 220 g. Yawan amfanin gona daya shine kilogram 2.4-2.8. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari za a iya ajiye su na dogon lokaci.
Kayan lambu barkono. Kurmi & Kim StarrCutar da kwari
Aphids.
Aphids sune kwaro mai hatsarin gaske na barkono, wanda ke haifar da babbar illa ga waɗannan albarkatu. Aphids sun bayyana akan ganye, mai tushe, fure da abinci a cikin ruwan lemon.
- Matakan sarrafawa tare da wannan kwaro na barkono: lura da tsire-tsire tare da saurin lalata kwari (misali, karbofos ko celtan) a cikin kudi na 1 tbsp. cokali 10 na ruwa. Yayyafa kafin da kuma bayan fure. A lokacin fruiting ba za a iya sarrafa. Ana amfani da bayani mai zuwa daga magungunan mutane: 1 gilashin itace ash ko 1 gilashin ƙurar taba ana aika shi zuwa guga mai lita 10, sannan a zuba shi da ruwan zafi kuma a bar shi kwana guda. Kafin fesawa, maganin dole ne a hade shi sosai, a hada shi kuma a ƙara 1 tbsp. cokali na ruwa na sabulu. Fesa da shuka da safe, mafi kyau - daga mai sprayer.
Spider mite.
Spider mite wata cuta ce da aka saba da ita wacce ke tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga ganyen ganye.
- Matakan sarrafawa tare da wannan kwaro mai barkono: shirya wani bayani wanda zasu dauki gilashin tafarnuwa ko albasa da ganyen Dandelion sun wuce ta garin nama, a ƙara dillancin ruwan sabulu a cikin ruwa na 10 na ruwa. Tace, rarrabe tsintsaye, da shuka tsiran tsirrai a kowane bangare na ci gaba.
Banzare tsirara.
Wadannan kwari da barkono ba wai kawai suna ci ganye ba ne, har ma suna lalata 'ya'yan itatuwa, wanda hakan ke lalacewa.
- Matakan sarrafawa tare da wadannan barkono kwari: kiyaye plantings tsabta, grooves kewaye da dasa gado pollinate tare da freshly slaked lemun tsami ko cakuda lemun tsami, ash da taba ƙura. Lokacin yin ruwa, gwada kada ku zuba ruwa a cikin tsummokin. A cikin zafi, yanayin rana, kullun yana da mahimmanci don yin loosening zuwa zurfin of 3-5 cm. Sake buɗe ƙasa yana haɗuwa da pollination tare da barkono mai zafi (baƙar fata ko ja), a cikin adadin 1 teaspoon a 1-2 m2, ko bushe mustard (1 teaspoon a 1 m² )
Daga dukkan kwari da barkono da aka lissafa a sama, ƙwayar Strela ta fi tasiri (an aiko 50 g na foda a kowace l 10, an cakuda shi da kyau, a tace shi kuma a yayyafa shi). Iya warware matsalar gaba daya bashi da illa ga yan adam.
Kafa ta baki.
Blackwalƙwalwa baƙar fata an ambaci musamman a cikin ƙasa mai zafi da zafi na iska, kazalika da ƙarancin zafin jiki. Tare da wannan cutar, tushe tushe ya lalace, yana laushi, ƙyallen tumatir da rots. Sau da yawa, cutar tana haɓaka yayin haɓakar seedlings saboda albarkatu masu kauri.
- Matakan sarrafawa: daidaita zafin jiki da ruwa. A yayin da ya faru da wannan cuta, dole ne a bushe ƙasa, a kwance shi kuma a yayyafa shi da toka na itace ko ƙura daga gawayi.
Shayarwa.
Cutar wilting tana bayyana ne cikin faduwar ganye. Dalilin na iya zama cututtukan fungal: Fusarium, sclerocinia. Idan ka sare guntun itace da ke kusa da tushen wuya, to, a garesu daskararre na jijiyoyin jiki suna ganuwa.
- Matakan sarrafawa: mara lafiya wilted tsire-tsire ana cire da konewa, kasar gona da aka kwance, da wuya shayar da kawai da safe. Shekarar ta gaba, ba a shuka barkono da barkono a wannan wuri ba.
Wani lokacin tabarau na lilac suna bayyana akan 'ya'yan itacen barkono. Wannan ba cuta ba ce, amma take hakkin tsarin zazzabi ne yayin da zafin iska ya sauka ƙasa da 12 ° C. A wannan yanayin, wajibi ne don tsari da tsire-tsire tare da filastik kunsa ko rufe kayan "lutrasil".
Daga cikin ƙafafun baƙar fata na bushewa ana fesa tare da shiri na ƙwayar cuta "Barrier". Takeauki caps 3 a cikin lita 1 na ruwa. Feshi da matsakaici (kar a kurkura tsire-tsire).
Nasihu masu amfani, wanda, a tsakanin wasu abubuwa, zasu taimaka wajen yaƙar kwari na barkono.
Rashin isasshen pollination na furanni na iya zama dalilin bayyanar 'ya'yan itatuwa marasa daidaituwa (mai ɗorawa). Don hana wannan, wajibi ne don amfani da pollination na wucin gadi na tsire-tsire na fure. Wato, a cikin yanayi mai zafi, rana, mai sanyi, suna girgiza tsire.
Peanyan zaki da ƙanshi, kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, ana dasa su a cikin dindindin wuri daban da juna, i.e., a cikin gadaje daban-daban, kamar yadda suke sami damar hayewa, 'ya'yan itaciyar barkono mai zaki za su sami haushi.
Rashin danshi a cikin ƙasa, yawan zafin jiki na iska yana haifar da lignification na mai tushe, faɗuwar buds da ganyen barkono.
A cikin wuraren budewa, ya zama dole don kare barkono plantings daga iska ta amfani da fuka-fuki na tsirrai masu tsayi, waɗanda aka riga aka dasa su tare da seedlings a kewayen gadaje (waɗannan sune beets, wake, chard, leeks), amma sun fi dacewa su ba da 'ya'yan itace a ƙarƙashin fim ɗin.
Pepper ba kawai thermophilic da ruwa-bukatar, amma kuma sosai photophilous. Sabili da haka, shading yana haifar da rashi a cikin girma da fure na tsirrai.
Tunda tushen tushen barkono yana cikin babban ƙasa na ƙasa, loosening yakamata ya zama mai zurfi (3-5 cm) kuma dole ne ya kasance tare da tuddai na wajibi.
Ba a ƙara ɗorawa mai rauni a gado kafin a dasa barkono, tun da tsire-tsire za su ba da ƙaramar ciyayi (ganye) taro kuma ba zai iya samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa ba.
Pepperan itacen tumatir, wanda aka dasa akan gado, ba zai iya yin tsayayya da ƙarancin yanayin zafi ba (2-3 ° C), kuma tsire-tsire masu autumna autumnan kaka suna tsayayya da sanyi zuwa-3C. Wannan yana ba ku damar ci gaba da tsire-tsire barkono a cikin greenhouse ko a gonar har zuwa ƙarshen bazara.
Kayan lambu barkono. Rst CarstorJiran ra'ayoyinku!
