Ferns sune tsoffin tsire-tsire waɗanda aka rarraba ko'ina cikin duniya a adadi da yawa. Tsarin wannan babban iyali sun bambanta da girma, siffar farantin ganye, gabobin ciyayi da yanayin zama.
Bayanin bayyanar babban ganye mai sauƙi na fern
Za mu fara, kamar yadda koyaushe, tare da sauki da taƙaitaccen bayanin. Furanni masu narkarda kai suna da madaidaicin tsarin ganye. Babban faranti da aka watsa, ana kiranta vaya, yana fitowa daga gangar jikin. Leaflet ana yawan nuna dan kadan ne a sifa, kore mai koren. Spores yana ɓoye a gefen ciki, saboda abin da shuka ke haifarwa. Yawancin jayayya suna da adadinsu na cikakken lokaci akan takardar guda - ba wanda ya sani.
Fern a yanayiWadanne nau'ikan ferns suke?
Ferns rukuni ne na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu yawa kuma ana iya wakilta shi ta nau'ikan launuka daban-daban da girma dabam. Mafi mashahuri kuma mafi yawan su kamar haka.
Babban jimina
A wani suna, tsuntsu mai ƙwanƙwasa ko baƙar fata. Tsawonta ya kai santimita 100-135, ganyayen da ke kan shuka ɗaya na iya zama nau'i biyu:
- Bakararre - Wadannan ganyayyaki suna samar da wata funle kuma suna girma zuwa mita 1.5 a tsawon. Siffar su ake kira gashin tsuntsu;
- Hadin kai-kawo - Ya yi godiya ga wadannan ganyayyaki da ya samo sunanta, suna da sihiri mara saɓani, mai kama da gashin tsuntsu. Yawancin lokaci, waɗannan ganyayyaki suna da ƙanana kuma suna cikin ɓangaren ciki na ciki, kamar dai a ƙarƙashin kariyar manyan samfurori.
Babban jiminaMace coder
Irin wannan tsire-tsire ya kai tsawon santimita 30-100 kuma yana da tsayi, sau biyu ko sau uku wanda aka watsa vaya, an tattara shi cikin bunƙasa. Fentin da kanta an yi masa fenti da launin koren launi mai haske kuma an lullube ta da yadin da aka saka mai wuya.
Gangar jikin wannan fure, kodayake karami ne, amma mai dorewa. Wannan nau'in kuma yana da alaƙa da ikon kiyaye launin launi duk shekara.
Mace coderNamijin thyroid
Wannan nau'in ya sami sunan shi godiya ga shingayen sinadarin thyroid wadanda ke kare spores na shuka. Tsawon irin wannan daji na iya bambanta daga santimita 30 zuwa 150, vayi suna kan dogayen katako kuma suna tattarawa cikin “soket”, siffar su sau biyu kenan. Leaf faranti na shuka sun fi wuya, duhu kore a launi.
Namijin thyroidOrlyak
Yana girma zuwa santimita 70 a tsayi. Rhizome yana kwance a sararin sama kuma a ɓoye na uku-cirrus vayi tashi daga gare ta. A gefen gef ɗin farantin ya zama kamar ɗan juya, wannan ya zama dole don kare spores daga tasirin waje.
OrlyakTsirtomium Fortuna
Tsawon kwatancen cirtomya shine akan santimita 40-60 santimita. Vayi suna kan dogayen petiole kuma suna girma kai tsaye daga ƙasa, tsayin su ya kai santimita 60. Ganyen fata, mai kauri, kore.
Tsirtomium FortunaAdiantum pusiform
Ya yi kama da ƙwallo da girma har zuwa santimita 60. Vayi yayi girma sosai kuma yana da siffa mai zagaye tare da watsa mai toka. Takardun ganye suna kan faffadan petioles, siffar su kyakkyawa ce kuma mai taushi. Kariyar tana kiyaye shi ta gefen ruwan zirin mai launin brown.
Adiantum pusiformAsplenium
Wannan nau'in ya shahara sosai don ya girma a gonar. Zai iya zama ko taɓa ko ɗayan baya. Rhizome kwance yake. Tsawon waya zai iya kaiwa santimita 75, a tara shi a cikin soket sai a watsa mai kumfa. Farantin takardar da aka haɗa tare da gefuna da aka nuna. Launi yafi launin kore, a tsakiya shine jijiyar launin ruwan kasa na yanzu.
AspleniumCyate
Tsawon wadannan bishiyoyin bishiya na iya kaiwa mita 20. Ganyen suna da yawa, pinnate, matsakaicinsu shine mita 5-6.
CyateAl'adu
Tushewar ire-iren waɗannan nau'ikan suna jan iska, kuma tsayin dabbar da kansa bai wuce santimita 50 ba. Bar 4 ko 5 pinnate, ƙarami a cikin girman, dan kadan juya a cikin siffar, halin pubescence tare da gashin launin ruwan kasa.
Al'aduWater ferns
Da yake bayanin peasarin ferns, ya wajaba a ambaci tsire-tsire masu ruwa, waɗanda suka haɗa da Marsillea mai ganye huɗu. A matsakaici, tsawon irin wannan karar shine 20 santimita, kuma gishiyar shi 1 mita. Ganyen suna da fadi da kuma zagaye, dan kadan nuna a iyakar.
Water fernsBambanci a cikin tsarin tsirrai da na zamani
Ferns ya bayyana a cikin ƙasa a cikin Paleozoic, kimanin shekaru miliyan 400 da suka gabata, kuma a duk tsawon lokacin basu canza ba kuma suna riƙe duk bambancin su.
Bambanci kawai tsakanin tsararraki da na zamani shine girman su. Dangane da binciken masana ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi, zamu iya yanke hukuncin cewa magabatan yanzu ferns sun kai tsayin mita hamsin. Yanzu, wannan adadi da wuya ya wuce mita da yawa.
Fern a cikin ɗakin kwanaShuka nau'ikan tsire-tsire na hunturu-Hardy a cikin lambu
Fern tsire-tsire ne marasa misaltawa wanda ba ya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, amma tare da wannan duka, ya kamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa sun fi son inuwa mai ɓoye kuma hasken rana kai tsaye na iya zama cutarwa a gare su.
Halin da ake yi na masu tsananin shuki na Rasha sun yi nesa da iri daban-daban, galibi, ana amfani da dazuzzukan da ke jure sanyi don yin ado da lambun:
- Jimina
- Orlyak;
- Derwararrakin mace;
- Namijin thyroid.
Fern a cikin lambun
Fern a cikin lambunDon sa furen ya sauƙaƙa jure sanyi, tare da farkon sanyi an rufe shi da rassan spruce. Irin wannan hanyar na iya ba da gudummawa ga nasarar girkin kara girma na fure da ganye.
Nawa jinsunan ferns suke a duniya?
Amarya - kyakkyawa ne mai kyau kuma a lokaci guda wanda ba za'a iya amfani da tsire-tsire ba wanda za'a iya amfani dashi azaman tsarin ƙirar shimfidar wuri. Daban-daban nau'ikan sa da girman sa yana ba da damar fahimtar mafi tsoro da ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa.
