Gelenium (Helenium) shine tsire-tsire na shekara ko na shekara-shekara na iyali Asteraceae. Wannan nau'in halittar ya hada kusan 32. A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, ana iya samun su a Arewacin da Tsakiyar Amurka, kuma mafi yawansu suna girma ne a Yammacin Amurka. An yi imanin cewa wannan shuka da aka sanya wa suna Helenium don girmama matar Sarki Menelaus, kyakkyawa Helen, wanda ya zama sanadin barkewar yaki tsakanin Troy da Girka. An bayyana ta cikin Iliad ta hannun Homer. Abinda ya bambanta irin tsirrai. Gaskiyar ita ce har zuwa wani lokaci sun bambanta da bayyananniyar unremarkable. A ƙarshen lokacin bazara, lokacin da tsire-tsire masu yawa ke faduwa, helenium ya bayyana a duk ɗaukakar ta. Its inflorescences, kwanduna na launi na zinariya, wanda zai iya canza launinsu, yayi kama da kyan gani kuma ya cika gonar da "kwantar da hankali" kyakkyawarsu ...
Fasali na Gelenium
Irin wannan tsiro na zamani yana da fasali mai ban sha'awa. A faduwa, tushen sa ya mutu, kamar ciyawar fure. Koyaya, harbin shekara-shekara yana da rassa na ƙasa, daga abin da tushen sa ke girma a cikin kaka da kuma sabon Rosset wanda ya ƙunshi ganye. Daga wannan fitowar shekara mai zuwa matasa farfajiya zasu bayyana. Lambun daji na gelenium, wanda ya saba da kowa, shuka ce mai zaman kanta da ke girma kusa da juna. Suna da harbe-harbe kai tsaye da reshe a cikin sashin na sama, yayin da suke tsawo za su iya kaiwa santimita 150. Farantin ganye na ganye a kai a kai yana da sikirin lanceolate. Inflorescences-kwanduna na iya zama ɗaya ko kuma zama ɓangare na inflorescences na corymbose. Kwandunan sun haɗa da fure mai launin shuɗi, wanda na iya samun launin ruwan kasa, ja, shuɗi, ruwan lemo ko launin shuɗi, da kuma furannin tubular tsakiya mai launin ruwan hoda ko rawaya. 'Ya'yan itace ne mai mamaye-fasalin kwayar cuta a cikin siffar.
Girma gelenium daga tsaba
Abubuwan da irin wannan shuka suna da ƙarancin ƙwayar shuka kuma ba matsala idan an daɗe su ko a'a. Tabbas, idan kuna da babban buri, zaku iya ƙoƙarin shuka irin furanni daga tsaba, amma har yanzu yana da sauƙin yada su da ganye da ganye da kuma rarraba daji.
Shuka tsaba a cikin kaka ana iya yin shi kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude. Hakanan za'a iya shuka su don shuka a watan Fabrairu ko Maris, amma ya kamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa irin waɗannan albarkatu zasu buƙaci daidaitawa. Don haka, ana rarraba tsaba a farfajiyar substrate, bayan wannan an sanya akwati a cikin jaka da aka yi da polyethylene. Bayan haka, ana cire wannan akwati akan shiryayyen firiji don makonni 4-6. Bayan haka, an cire akwati tare da tsaba kuma a sanya shi cikin zafi a ƙarƙashin wutar lantarki ta wucin gadi. Matsakaicin zafin jiki don bayyanar tsire-tsire yana daga digiri 18 zuwa 22. Bayan tsire-tsire suna da ganye na 2 ko 3 na gaskiya, ya kamata a ɗauke su.
Saukowa daga waje
Wani lokaci zuwa ƙasa
Dasa shuki a ƙasa ƙasa ya zama dole ne kawai idan an bar dusar ƙanƙara a daren. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, wannan lokacin ya faɗi a watan Mayu ko kwanakin farko na Yuni. Don dasa shuki, ya fi kyau a zabi yanki mai cike da wuta, amma zaku iya girma gelenium a cikin wurin da aka rufe. Ilasa ta fi dacewa da hasken da ya dace, amma dole ne a cika shi da abubuwan gina jiki, da ruwa mai tsabta da tsaka tsaki. Kafin dasa shuki seedlings, ana bada shawara don tono ƙasa tare da takin zuwa zurfin tashar bayoneti.
Yadda ake shuka
Ya kamata a lura cewa girman girman saitin fossa ya kamata ya wuce girman tushen tsarin kamar sau biyu. Kafin sanya shuka a cikin ramin, dole ne a kiyaye tushensa a cikin mintuna da yawa a cikin akwati tare da ruwa mai tsabta. Dasa shuka dole ne a aiwatar da su a daidai zurfin inda aka girma cikin kwantena. Ya kamata a tuna cewa tsakanin kwafen dole ne a bar aƙalla santimita 30, kuma jerawar layi ɗaya ya kasance daidai da santimita 35. Lokacin da aka dasa furanni, ƙasa yayyafa dole ne a yayyafa shi da wani yanki na ciyawa (humus ko peat). Itatuwa da aka shuka daga zuriya daga shuka zai fara yin fure ne kawai a shekara ta biyu bayan dasawa. Ya kamata kuma a tuna cewa tsire-tsire kawai ake bada shawarar a girma daga tsaba. Yawancin nau'in Varietal, duk da haka, yana buƙatar yada shi ta amfani da hanyoyin ciyayi, gaskiyar ita ce cewa furanni da aka girma daga tsaba basu iya kiyaye halaye na ɗan adam na shuka ba.
Siffofin Kulawa
Girma da kulawa da irin wannan shuka abu ne mai sauqi, amma ya kamata ku koyi duk ka'idodi na asali. Ya kamata a tuna cewa shasha ruwa yana da matukar muhimmanci ga irin wannan shuka, tunda yana maida mummunar mummunar illa ga rashin danshi. Bayan dogon bushe lokacin farawa yana farawa a lokacin bazara, ya kamata a yi wajan yin gelenium sau da yawa kuma a yalwace. Koyaya, dole ne a tuna cewa stagnation na ruwa a cikin ƙasa bai kamata a ƙyale shi ba, a wannan batun, dole ne ƙasa ta kasance da kyakkyawan yanayin ruwa. Dole ne a sako kasar gona lokaci-lokaci, kuma za a cire duk ciyawa mai sauri. Koyaya, idan kunyi amfani da mulching, to kula da irin wannan shuka zai zama da sauƙin. A lokacin bazara, dole ne a ciyar da wannan fure sau 3, yayin amfani da takin gargajiya da ma'adinai:
- A watan Mayu. Don shirya miya, shirya wani bayani wanda ya hada da lita 10 na ruwa da babban cokali 1 na potassium sulfate, urea da takin gargajiya na Effekton. A 1 m2 Ana amfani da lita 3 zuwa 4 na wannan cakuda.
- A lokacin furanni. Ana ɗaukar lita 1 na mullein na ruwa a guga na ruwa, kazalika da cokali ɗaya mai yalwar -ola-da-ruwa da Agricola-7. Haka kuma, a 1 m2 2 da 3 lita na bayani ana ɗauka.
- A cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Oktoba. A cikin guga na ruwa kana buƙatar narke babban cokali 1 na potassium sulfate da superphosphate. Haka kuma, a 1 m2 rabin guga na cakuda an ɗauka.
A farkon lokacin da ake farautuwa, kuna buƙatar fesa da tsire-tsire tare da maganin da zai taimaka wajan inganta tsarin toho. Don shirya cakuda, ɗauki 1 guga na ruwa da g 10 na Bud.
Don ƙarin fure mai yawa, ya zama dole a lokaci don ɗaukar waɗanda inflorescences waɗanda suka fara lalacewa. A lokaci guda, zaku iya sa daji ya yi kauri da kuma sanya shi ta pinching fi na mai tushe. Hakanan, ana buƙatar dasa perennials da yawa 1 lokaci a cikin shekaru 2 ko 3. Yayin dasawa, Gelenium yana ninka ta hanyar rarraba daji. Zai fi kyau dasa shuka a bazara.
Cutar da kwari
An bambanta irin waɗannan furanni ta hanyar juriya ga cututtuka da kwari masu cutarwa. Da wuya, chrysanthemum nematodes na iya faruwa a gelenium, wanda hakan ke lalata fure furen da fararen ganye. A sakamakon haka, sun zama launin ruwan kasa kuma sun fara bushewa. Ya kamata a yanke waɗancan sassan tsiron da ya kamu da lalacewa. Don rigakafin, ya kamata a ƙara ƙwayar sulfur ko lemun tsami a ƙasa.
A wannan yanayin, idan kun samar da shuka tare da danshi na ƙasa mai laushi, to ba za ta ji rauni ba.
Bayan fure
Tarin iri
Tsaba suna buƙatar tattarawa kafin lokacin damina ya fara a bazara, in ba haka ba suna jujjuya su. Kuna iya nemo game da balaga da tsaba ta furanni tubular baƙar fata waɗanda suka yi baƙi da baƙin duhu. Koyaya, dole ne mutum ya tuna cewa ana bada shawara don siyan tsaba a cikin shagunan na musamman. Seedsaya iri ɗaya da kuka tattara suna da ƙarancin tsirarwa, kuma suna iya ƙin ɗaukar halaye na halittar mahaifiyar.
Cin nasara
Don hunturu, kuna buƙatar yanke harbe kusan zuwa ƙasa na ƙasa, don haka kawai shinge daga 10 zuwa 15 santimita masu tsayi ya kamata ya tashi sama da ƙasa. Sannan an yayyafa farfajiyar wannan makircin tare da wani yanki na ciyawa (sawdust ko gansakuka), kuma an rarraba lutrasil a saman ta don kare gelenium daga yanayin hunturu ko dusar ƙanƙara.
Iri da nau'ikan Gelenium tare da hotuna da sunaye
Duk da cewa wannan dabi'ar tana wakiltar kusan nau'ikan 32, kawai 5 daga cikinsu ne ke noma. Da ke ƙasa akwai bayanin nau'ikan jinsunan da suka fi shahara.
Gelenium Bigelow (Helenium bigelovii)
Wannan nau'in ya sami mafi karancin rarrabuwa a al'adance Ya fito ne daga Yammacin Arewacin Amurka. Tsawan tsinken harbe yakai kimanin 0.8 m duka faranti na ganye suna da sikirin lanceolate. Diamita na kwanduna kusan 6 santimita, furanni na tsakiya (tubular) launuka masu launin ruwan kasa, kuma shuɗi ɗin ana zana launin rawaya. An lura da yawo a cikin watan Yuni da Yuli.
Helenium spring (Helenium vernalis)
Tsawon harbe-harbe kai tsaye shine santimita dari. Takaddun faranti masu ƙarfi sune lanceolate. Girman diamita na inflorescences shine kusan santimita 7. Furannin furanni masu launin furanni - launin ruwan kasa, da Reed - orange. Fulawa yana ɗaukar kimanin makonni 4 daga rabin na biyu na Mayu.
Glenium Gupes (Helenium hoopesii)
A tsayi ya kai mita 0.9 m faranti na launin toka-mai launin toka mai launin fata yana da siffar lanceolate. A kan dogon tsarukan akwai kwanduna guda, wanda a diamita zai iya kaiwa daga 8 zuwa 9 santimita, ana fentin rawaya. Ana lura da ruwa a watan Yuni ko Yuli.
Helenium autumnale (Helenium autumnale)
Wannan nau'in ya fi shahara. Yana girma da yawa lambu, kuma wannan ne tushen babban adadin iri. Mai ƙarfi lignified harbe iya isa zuwa tsawo na 1.6 m, kananan faranti ganye faranti da serrated baki. Diamita na kwanduna daga 3 zuwa 5 santimita, sun kasance ɓangare na inflorescences na corymbose siffar a diamita, wanda ya kai santimita 30. Furanni Reed na iya zama rawaya ko launin shuɗi, tubular - rawaya mai duhu. Fulawa tayi tsawon makonni 8 daga Yuli zuwa Satumba.
Hyle Helenium (Helenium x kabeji)
Wannan nau'in prefabricated, yana haɗar da nau'ikan asalin rashin tabbas. Koyaya, nau'in farkon waɗannan tsire-tsire shine gelenium kaka.
Mafi mashahuri sune:
- Gelenium Rubinsverg (Ruby Gnome). Wannan nau'in ya shahara. Tsarin daji mai yawa ya kai kimanin 0.65 m. Launin ruby inflorescences. Ana lura da farkon fure a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Yuli. Wannan nau'ikan za'a iya rikicewa tare da Rosie Jam iri-iri.
- Cockade. Motsin tsayi a tsayinsa ya kai mita 2. Girman matsakaitan inflorescences-kwanduna shine kimanin santimita 4.5. Furannin furanni masu launin shuɗi, masu launin shuɗi, launin shudi mai launin shuɗi, gefen ya yi launin shuɗi, amma zuwa tsakiya suna zama ja sosai. Fulawa yana ɗaukar makonni 6 kuma yana farawa a watan Agusta.
- Moerheim Kyau. Wannan nau'in ya shahara. Cancantar irin wannan shuka ita ce cewa furanni masu fure suna da launi daban-daban, watau: rawaya, jan ƙarfe, ja, zinariya, kuma bayan buɗewa sai su juya launin shuɗi. Tsarin tsirrai ya dogara da ingancin ƙasa kuma yana iya bambanta daga 0.9 zuwa 1.2 m. An lura da yawo a cikin Yuli-Nuwamba.
