Mahonia (Mahonia) ko "innabi Oregon" shine bishiyar fure mai ban sha'awa daga dangin Barberry, yana ƙidaya kusan nau'ikan 50 da nau'ikan danginsu. Siffofin wannan al'ada ita ce girman kayan ado, juriya ga sanyi da fari, haƙuri inuwa da kuma rashin daidaituwa ga abin da ya shafi ƙasa, amfani da zane a cikin shimfidar wuri, ɗanɗano ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yan itacen da amfaninsa.
Shuka ta ƙunshi manyan harbe masu ƙarfi tare da santsi mai laushi na ruwan hoda-launin toka ko launin toka-launin toka dangane da shekaru, ganye mai duhu mai launin shuɗi, furanni daban-daban na launin rawaya da ruwan-hoda-mai laushi mai laushi tare da ruwan hoda, farin ciki mai kauri. Ana amfani da berry a cikin kayan shafawa da giya. Lokacin fure yana wuce kwanaki 20-30 kuma ya faɗi a Afrilu - Mayu, 'ya'yan itace da girbi - a ƙarshen watan Agusta - farkon Satumba.
Dasa Magonia a cikin ƙasa bude
Yaushe shuka Magonia
Kuna iya dasa magonia a cikin ƙasa a kowane lokaci daga farkon bazara zuwa ƙarshen kaka. Lokaci mafi dacewa shine daga 1 ga Maris zuwa 15 ga Maris.
Dole ne a kiyaye wurin daga iska mai ƙarfi na iska da kuma zane-zane. Magonia ya fi son budewa da wuraren rana, amma yana da kyau idan bishiyoyi masu tsayi suka girma kusa da za su iya samar da inuwa mai cike da haske, aƙalla awanni da yawa a rana. Kasancewa a cikin inuwa mai daurewa akai akai, amfanin gona zai yi hasara mai yawa da ƙimar amfanin gona. Kuma zafin rana mai zafi a cikin kullun zai iya barin kunar rana a jikin ganyen mahonia.
Saplings suna buƙatar ƙasa mai ƙasa, sako-sako da ƙasa mai abun ciki na humus. Don ramin saukowa, zaku iya amfani da ɗayan zaɓi da yawa don gaurayawar ƙasa. Misali, wani bangare na sashin ƙasa da yashi da sassan biyu na humus.
Yadda ake dasa magonia
Zurfin da fadin ramin dasawa yakamata ya zama aƙalla cm 50. A kan yumɓun yumɓu da loams, dole ne a ƙara zurfin don saukar da matattarar shara. A matsayin magudanar ruwa, zaku iya amfani da tubalin da aka fashe ko kuma tsakuwa. Makonni biyu kafin dasa shuki, da ramin dole ne a cika tare da cakuda ƙasa kuma hagu don shrinkage da compaction.
Kyakkyawan nesa tsakanin tsire-tsire shine mita 1.5-2. Lokacin dasa shuki shuki na shinge, mita 1 zai isa.
Ranar da za a shuka, ana bada shawara a bincika a hankali a sayi ,an itacen, datsa bushe ko Tushen lalacewa, gajarta tsawon harbe kuma tabbatar an yayyafa duk sassan yanka da katako ko an kunna gawayi.
Ana sanya seedlings a cikin rami na dasa shuki, a hankali suna cike daukacin sararin samaniya a ciki tare da cakuda ƙasa mai cakuda. Cakuda turf ƙasar, yashi da humus bai kamata ya rufe tushen wuya daga ƙaramin shuka ba. Ya kamata ya zama kusan santimita 1 a saman ƙasa. Bayan dasa, ya zama dole a yi amfani da rollers earthen rogo (tsayin su shine kusan santimita 10) don yiwa kan iyakokin shinge ragar. Na farko yalwatacce watering ne da za'ayi nan da nan. Kowace seedling zai buƙaci manyan buhu biyu na ruwa. Bayan kwashe shi, an rufe farfajiyar ƙasa a cikin da'irar akwati tare da ciyawa.
Dokoki don kulawa da mahonia
Kulawa na asali baya buƙatar lokaci da ƙoƙari. Ya ƙunshi shayarwa da spraying, saman miya, pruning (farawa tun yana da shekaru goma), kula da ƙasa da kariya daga cututtuka da kwari.
Watse
Girgiza kai da shayarwa suna da matukar muhimmanci ga mahonia a farkon shekarun bayan dasawa. Wajibi ne a aiwatar da wadannan hanyoyin ruwa da yawa kuma a kai a kai. An gabatar da ruwa a ƙarƙashin tushe a cikin da'irar gangar jikin kuma a kan kambi kai tsaye daga tiyo tare da watsar da ruwa wanda zai iya. Mafi kyawun lokacin shayarwa shine yamma bayan faɗuwar rana.
An bada shawarar shayar da tsofaffi na tsararru a cikin dogon lokaci na bushewa. Mitar yawan ruwa shine sau 2-3 a mako. Optarancin ruwa na kowane amfanin gona shine akalla lita 10. Tare da hazo na yau da kullun, ba a aiwatar da ban ruwa ba. Ranar da za a bada shawarar amfani da yanayin ta ƙasa ko ta wucin gadi, ana bada shawarar yin laushi sosai a cikin akwati.
Da takin mai magani da takin zamani
Bushes bushes bukatar biyu ƙarin ma'adinai saman dressings a kowace kakar, wanda aka shafi kasar gona a farkon Maris da tsakiyar Mayu (kafin fure). An ba da shawarar yin amfani da Nitroammofosku ko daidaitawar Kemira Wagon. Ga kowane muraba'in murabba'in ƙasa na buƙatar kimanin gram 100 na hadi. Kamar yadda takin gargajiya, humus ko takin za'a iya amfani dashi. A cikin kaka, ana amfani da shi tare da wani santimita mai santimita-biyar a kusa-da'irar kowane ɗan itace, kuma a cikin bazara sun tono shi tare da ƙasa.
Juyawa
Shuka shuka da dasa bishiyoyi ana yin su gwargwadon tsari iri ɗaya. Ana iya jujjuya Magonia a cikin bazara da bazara. A cikin kaka, ba a ba da shawarar wannan hanyar ba, saboda al'adar ba ta da lokaci don daidaitawa a cikin sabon wuri kuma yana iya mutuwa yayin lokacin sanyi.
Turawa
Mahony yana fuskantar tsafta, gyaran fuska da kuma tsufa. Kowannensu yana da halaye na kansa. A farkon bazara, lokacin ne da ya dace don keɓe tumbi, idan aka lalace, an cire rassan bushe da bushe. Dole ne a yi shi kafin a buɗe ayoyin. Tsarin girke-girke yana da mahimmanci don al'adun matasa don ƙirƙirar lush da ƙananan tsire-tsire. A gare ta, ainihin lokacin shine kaka ko ƙarshen fure. Da kyau, tsohuwar bushes na taimaka wa rassan da ba dole ba, ta yadda ya ba da al'adun sabunta vigor don ci gaba da haɓaka.
Shirye-shiryen hunturu
Wintering na matasa bushes ya kamata faruwa a karkashin amintaccen tsari a cikin hanyar spruce rassan. Tsirrai na manya suna buƙatar irin wannan tsari ne kawai idan lokacin hunturu yana da tsauri, amma ba tare da dusar ƙanƙara ba. A ƙarƙashin murfin dusar ƙanƙara, amfanin gona ba sa jin tsoron ko da tsananin sanyi.
Yaduwar mahonia
Tsarin iri
Yana yiwuwa shuka iri na mahonia a cikin ƙasa buɗe a cikin bazara da kuma bazara. An shuka tsaba da aka yanko waɗanda ke kusa da Satumba zuwa zurfin 1-2 cm Kafin dasa shuki, dole ne a shirya kayan dasa. Tsaba an daidaita shi tsawon watanni hudu a yanayin zafi (daga 0 zuwa 5 digiri Celsius). Mai ladabi da tsire-tsire masu ƙarancin buƙata dole ne a yi amini daga hasken rana kai tsaye. A watan Agusta - Satumba, matasa tsire-tsire suna thinned da kuma dasa shi cikin tukwane na mutum ko ƙananan kwantena. Seedlings samu zuwa m wurin namo kawai a cikin shekara. Fulawa zata zo ne bayan shekaru 3.
Farfagandar ta yanke
Dole ne a shirya yankan a farkon bazara, kafin kumburin kodan. Kowane abin rike yakamata ya kasance yana da aƙalla 5-6 na kodan. Rooting faruwa a cikin akwati na ruwa a bude iska. Tsawon lokacin samuwar tushen tsarin a kan yankan kusan watanni biyu ne. Yanke tare da tushen kusan 7-8 cm tsayi za'a iya dasa shi a cikin ƙasa, yana rufe kowane ɗayan da kwalban filastik mai yanke. Bayan kimanin kwanaki 10-15, dole ne a hankali ya saba da tsiran buɗe ido, a cire murfin filastik awanni da yawa.
Yaduwa ta hanyar farawa
Mafi kusancin farjin ƙasa na mahonia an tsinkaye shi kuma an haɗa shi da matattakala waya a cikin tsummoki na musamman, an yayyafa shi da ƙasa. Regular watering bada shawarar a ko'ina cikin kakar. A shekara mai zuwa, an rabu da manyan dabbobin daga babban daji kuma an dasa su a wani sabon wuri.
Cutar da kwari
Magonia kusan ba kwari bane ta kawo shi, amma cututtukan fungal da wuya ba sa faruwa. An ba da shawarar yin ma'amala da su ta hanya ingantacciya.
- Powdery mildew - don kwanaki 10-12 kuna buƙatar fesa al'adun da ba su da lafiya sau ɗaya a rana tare da mafita na musamman - Topsin-M, Fundazol, Karatan.
- Tsatsa - fungicides ya ba da shawarar don kula da tsirrai - "Oksih", "Bayleton", "Tsineb" ko "Abiga Peak".
- Phyllosticosis - alamun cutar - manyan aibobi launin ruwan kasa a cikin ganyayyaki, faduwa ganye, raguwa cikin kayan ado, ƙaramin adadin furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Shirye-shirye don aiki - "Oksikhom", "Kaptan", "Phthalan".
- Stagonosporosis - alamun cutar - alamomi masu yawa a gefuna na farantin ganye, asarar kyakkyawa, ƙarancin ci gaba da haɓaka. Shirye-shirye don aiki - "Oksikhom", "Kaptan", "Phthalan".
Iri da nau'in mahonia
Yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan sune Creeping, Jafananci, Lomarielowerrous, Sun Sun, Fremonti, Bracts, Newbert da Padubolistnaya.
Magonia "Padubolistnaya" shine mafi yawan nau'ikan halittu kuma suna da nau'ikan iri da iri.
- Zinare - launuka daban-daban na launin shuɗi daban-daban na ganye.
- Motley - wannan nau'ikan yana da kyau tare da taro mai launin launuka masu yawa.
- Gyada - ya bambanta da babban nau'in halitta a siffar da girman ganye. Suna da tsarin denser, amma ya fi girma girma. A kowane petiole na jan inuwa akwai ƙananan ganye bakwai.
- M - bambanta ta farantin ganye na dogon elongated, yafi girma fiye da na manyan nau'ikan.
- Apollo wani nau'in matasan ne dan asalin Yaren mutanen Holland tare da kambi mai kyau na launin kore mai duhu a watannin bazara da launin tagulla a farkon kaka. Matsakaicin tsayi na daji shine 60-100 cm. Tsawon ganyayyaki yakai kimanin cm 30, furanni masu launin shuɗi tare da ƙanshin mai daɗi, 'ya'yan itacen sun kasance shuɗi mai duhu tare da fure mai haske.
- Atropurpurea shine nau'in low-girma na Dutch tare da matsakaicin tsayi na 40-60 cm. Itacen ya ƙunshi ganye kore mai duhu tare da haske mai haske, fure mai kamshi da kyawawan launuka masu duhu-baki.
M Properties na mahonia da contraindications
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari da tushen mahogany suna ɗauke da tannins mai yawa, bitamin, acid Organic, alkaloids heterotypic. Dangane da su, an shirya tinctures, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, maganin shafawa. Ana amfani da Magonia don haɓaka rigakafi, inganta wurare dabam dabam na jini, a matsayin wakili na choleretic, don maganin cututtukan fata da tsarin narkewa, don yaƙar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta.
Kamar duk tsire-tsire masu magani, idan aka yi amfani da shi ba tare da kyau ba, mahonia ba zai iya amfana ba kawai, har ma da lahani sosai. Kada ku sami magani na kai. Kafin amfani da magungunan magonia, ana ba da shawarar ku nemi ƙwararren masani wanda zai yi la’akari da halayen mutum na mai haƙuri kuma ya ba da shawararsa. Wannan gaskiya ne ga mutanen da suke da matsalar narkewar abinci, cututtuka daban-daban, da mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa.
