Dogwood wanda aka fassara daga yaren Turkic yana nufin "ja". 'Ya'yan itaciya masu ban sha'awa suna bambancewa ba kawai ta wari na musamman da mai daɗi ba, kodayake wani lokacin mawuyacin hali, acidity, amma kuma ta musamman launi mai haske sosai (kawai wani lokacin yana rawaya). Tannins da ke cikin dogwood suna ba shi ɗanɗano abin ban tsoro wanda ba kowa yake so ba. Duk wataƙila, ana iya gyara wannan dukiyar yayin zaɓin, amma tare da nasaba da dogwood, yana ɗaukar matakan farko. Abin da ya sa tsire-tsire ke motsawa zuwa arewa a hankali.
Ilimin halitta da ilimin kimiyya
A cikin gandun daji na Caucasus, dogwood ya kai mita 8, a cikin tsaunukan Crimea - har zuwa m 3. Wannan tsire-tsire ne mai dogon hanta, wani lokacin shekarun sa sun kai sama da shekaru ɗari. Rassan suna da launin shuɗi-fari da farko, daga baya launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa, ganye suna akasin haka, masu sauƙi. Furen fure yana da na fata, ganye - elongated. Inflorescences a cikin nau'i na laima ya bayyana a gaban ganye, fure, ya danganta da yanayin yana zuwa kwanaki 15-70. 'Ya'yan itacen' ya'yan itace ne mai tsayi, tsawo na cm cm, yana da nauyin nauyi na 1-2 g. Dogwood ya girma a cikin yanayi mai dumin gaske a cikin Caucasus da Transcaucasia kuma kamar yadda aka samar da ɗabi'ar halittu a ƙarƙashin yanayin samar da kyakkyawan zafi. Wasu lalacewar rassan ana lura da su a zazzabi 30 °, kuma bushewar rani na ganyen matasa tsirrai na faruwa a zazzabi na kimanin 40 °.
Dogwood na gama gari, ko NamijiYawan shekarun ciyayi a cikin Krasnodar shine kwanaki 240-283. Sabili da haka, zuwa arewa (Oryol - Moscow) zaku iya girma kawai farkon siffofin 'ya'yan itace da ke buɗewa.
A cikin Krasnodar, dogwood yana fara ciyayi da wuri, a gaban sauran tsire-tsire 'ya'yan itace. A cikin kwarewarmu, dogwood ya yi fure a Maris 10-18, kuma ya ƙare fure a Maris 24 - Afrilu 4.
Sannan ciyawar ciyayi ta yi fure, kuma bayan kwanaki 9-20, girma yana farawa (tsawa daya ce), wacce ke karewa a watan Yuli-Satumba.
Leaf fall ya makara, daga kimanin Nuwamba 20 zuwa ƙarshen Nuwamba - farkon Disamba.
A karo na farko, siffofin da aka yi nazarin sun ba da 'ya'ya a cikin shekara ta 5 na rayuwa, a watan Agusta.
Shirya shafin da sauka
Dogwood an sanya shi a cikin wani wuri mai kariya daga iska (musamman arewa maso gabas), an cika shi mai haske ko kuma an rufe shi, tun da yanayi a cikin tsire-tsire ana samun mafi yawan lokuta a matsayin gandun daji a cikin itacen oak ko gindin itacen rafi a kan gangara na kudu kusa da hawthorn, hazel, cherry plum, da tho tho. A cikin wurare duhu duhu corllen 'ya'yan itace rauni.
An dasa shi cikin rukuni na akalla tsire-tsire akalla biyu daban-daban, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga mafi kyawun pollination. Nisa tsakanin itaciya shine 3-6 m. Dogwood za'a iya sanya shi azaman sealant, musamman tsakanin jinsunan da ke ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Dogwood na gama gari, ko NamijiYankunan da ba a dacewa da su tare da m ruwa mai gudana kusa da 2 m daga farfajiya na duniya, tare da wani sosai densified lãka Layer.
An shirya kasar gona watanni shida kafin dasa. Sun tono shi zuwa zurfin ba kasa da 60 cm, amfani da takin gargajiya da ma'adinai, zaɓi ɗanyen ciyawa na ciyawa (ciyawa, alkama, tanda). Yankin da aka bada shawarar taki shine 4-6 kg a 1 sq.m. Idan babu takin gargajiya, to, a lokacin kaka, ana cakuda asan peas tare da hatsi na hunturu azaman siderates, kuma a cikin bazara - vetch, soya, fatseliya, to, ana shuka su ne a cikin ƙasa. Idasan Acidic suna da amfani ga liming. Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka shine farkon bazara, kafin a buɗe buds. Autumn dasa a watan Oktoba, makonni uku kafin farko na sanyi sanyi.
Saplings tare da tsawo na 100-150 cm tare da diamita na kara 15-18 mm ana shuka su ne a shekaru 1-2 da haihuwa. Yana da mahimmanci kada a bushe asalin. An sanya su cikin zane mai bushe, a cikin sawdust, kuma a bushe kafin a dasa, ana narke su tsawon awanni 10-12 cikin ruwa. Ana samun sakamako mai kyau ta dung-da-laka mai magana tare da ƙari na Heteroauxin na 0.001% maida hankali. A kan ƙasar da aka riga aka shirya, ana yin rami mai zurfi tare da zurfin 40 da faɗin 60 cm, a kan ƙasa mara shiri, an ninka girman rami mai dasa zuwa zurfin 60-80 cm kuma faɗin 80-100 cm.The rami a ƙarƙashin matattara yana cike da ƙasa mai dausayi daga saman Layer da aka haɗe da humus da takin ma'adinai. Guga daya da rabi humus, 100 g na nitrogen, 200-300 g na phosphorus da potassium takin ana kawo su cikin ramin saukowa. Zai fi kyau sanya takin ma'adinai a ƙasan ramin domin kada su iya hulɗa da asalinsu.
Lokacin dasa, ana sa Tushen a cikin rami, yada su. An saita saitin itace daga gefen iska mai wucewa, kuma itaciyar daga kishiyar. Tushen tushe ana barin 3-5 cm sama da ƙasa wanda ya kasance a matakin sa bayan an lalata ƙasa. Zuba ƙasa, thean itacen yana ɗan girgiza kaɗan, sannan aka haɗa: sanya yatsun a cikin akwati.
Bayan dasa, an yi rami a kusa da bishiyar, kuma ana ɗaure tsirrai a kan gungumen dasa kuma ana shayar da buhun ruwa 4-5 don shayar da duka ramin.
Dogwood na gama gari, ko NamijiKula da tsiro
A cikin bazara, an yanke kambi na itacen da aka dasa zuwa ga matattun waje, barin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tsawon ci gaban bara. Dogwood seedlings an kafa tare da kara 20 - 40 cm mai tsayi.Duk da tsiren da ya yi kauri a nesa na 2-3 m, an bar rassan kasusuwa uku ko hudu, kuma tare da wanda ba a san shi ba, adadinsu ya karu zuwa 5-7. Harbe-tallacen shekara-shekara ba sa gajarta. Lokacin da girma ya raunana yana da shekaru 10-20 shekaru, ana shuka tsiron cikin rassan shekaru 2-4. Ana yin daskarewa kafin ya kwarara ruwan itace.
Zurfin tillage bayan dasa shuki seedlings kada wuce zurfin Tushen. An haƙa ƙasa kusa da tushe kusan 3-5 cm, daga gaba ta 5-10 cm. A faɗuwar, ana yin digging a ƙarshen Satumba - farkon Oktoba, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga aiki na tushen da saurin warkar da raunuka. Lumbin ƙasa suna ta fashewa. A lokacin girma, an yanke ƙasa zuwa zurfin 4-6 cm bayan ruwan sama da ruwa.
Godiya ga mulching na Trunks, ana riƙe danshi, ana amfani da takin mai magani, ciyawa na ci gaba da talauci. Sabili da haka, wani yanki na ciyawa, alal misali, humus, tare da kauri na 8 cm an zuba a farkon bazara ko kaka, yana tashi daga tushe ta 10 cm. Wani farar ƙasa (5 cm) aka fesa a saman. Lokacin da ciyawa suka bayyana a kan ciyawa, sai a fitar da ciyawar.
Autumn hilling na shtambov zuwa tsawo na 15-20 cm na taimaka wa mafi kyau wintering na shuke-shuke, m daskarewa na ƙasa a cikin yankin na tushen jeri.
Idan an hadu da ƙasa kafin shuka, to, ana bayar da sabon sashi na takin don shekara ta uku a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi tare da rauni mai girma. Daga baya, ana amfani da takin mai magani ba dole ba, yana inganta ƙa'idodi tare da fruiting mai nauyi, zai fi dacewa a cikin ramuka, rijiyoyin, furrows ko lokaci guda tare da ban ruwa. Itace mai shekaru biyar yana buƙatar 30 g na ammonium nitrate, 40 g na superphosphate na biyu, g 20 na potassium chloride. Bai kamata a yi amfani da takin gargajiya na acidic ba (ammonium sulfate).
Tushen Dogwood na sama ne. Suna da ikon amfani da ruwan sama mai sauƙi, amma suna kula da fari fari. Mafi yawan lokuta ana shayar dasu a cikin baka ko kuma ana amfani da ruwa. A kusa da kara, barinsa daga 1-1.5 m (dangane da girman itaciyar), an zura wani maɗaukaki daga ƙasa mai zurfin 15 cm. Saman kwano ya ɓoye, ƙasa ta ɓoye da kyau. Ana kawo ruwa daga tiyo. Madadin baka, zaku iya yin furfuran da'irori. Bayan an yi ruwa, an sanya leɓar ƙasa.
Dogwood na gama gari, ko NamijiTsarin iri
Yankin shuka ya zama dole don haɓaka hannun jari. A cikin yanayi, tsaba suna girma a cikin shekara ta 2-3 bayan 'ya'yan itace, kuma a yayin zaman su a cikin ƙasa yawancinsu suna bushewa, rasa ƙwayar su.
Mun sparged da tsaba tare da akwatin kifin damfara, fermented, stratified a cikin firiji, sa'an nan kuma ci gaba da sanyi har sai shuka a cikin fall, stratified a cikin ƙasa a cikin wani inuwa wuri tare da na yau da kullum watering. Bayan fashewa, kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tsaba suna girma, kodayake don shekara ta 2-3. Fermentation yana bada kusan sakamakon guda ɗaya.
Kayan lambu na yaduwa
Mun kafe kananan gefuna masu tsini kuma muka tsunduma cikin farauta. Semi-lignified cuttings suna kafe a cikin madadin kogin yashi da peat (1: 1) kawai a farkon matakai, Mayu 15-25, lokacin da aka bi da su da indolylbutyric acid a taro na 25 MG / l da kuma kula da mafi kyawun zafi a cikin fim fim.
An sami kyakkyawan sakamako lokacin da aka yadu da dogwood ta hanyar bud'ewa akan bututun scapula akan tsire-tsire na gandun daji. Haka kuma, lokacin budding a butt, zaku iya amfani da hannun jari fiye da ta hanyar budding a cikin T-dimbin inc, kuma ya tsawaita tsawon lokacin aikin zuwa watanni uku (Yuni - farkon watan Satumba), tunda wannan hanyar bata dogara da matakin karancin cortex ba.
Dogwood na gama gari, ko NamijiNeman tsari
Tun a shekarar 1997, a Sashen Yarinyar 'Ya'yan Jari na Jami'ar Agrarian na Jami'ar Kuban, an yi nazari kan girma da ire-iren nau'ikan karnuka biyar da aka zaba a yanayin yanayi da yanayin damina kusa da yanayin yankin Kuban.
- Dogwood daga Magri aka zaɓa a cikin zurfafawa, a cikin tsaunuka a tsaunin 200 m sama da matakin teku.
Tsawon itacen ya zama 4 m, kambi ne mai siffar zobe. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari tare da matsakaicin nauyin 3-4 g, elongated, ja mai duhu a launi, ya girma daga 5 ga Agusta. Yawan aiki yana da kyau. - Dogwood MOSVIR 1 Gidan gwaji na Maykop VNIIR - daga binciken da aka yi a baya. Itace tana yaduwa, 3 m tayi tsayi, mai bada girma. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari tare da matsakaicin nauyin kimanin 4 g, mai siffa mai launin shuɗi, ja mai duhu, ya yi fari daga 15 ga Agusta.
- Dogwood MOSVIR-2 Gidan gwaji na Maykop VNIIR. Itace itace tsayi 3.5 m, tare da kambi mai sihiri, mai 'ya'ya. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari tare da matsakaicin nauyin 4 g, elongated, digo-mai siffa, ja, yayi girma daga Agusta 20.
- Dogwood daga tarin Crimean OSS VNIIR. Aka zaɓa a cikin kusancin Simferopol. Itace mai tsayi 2 m, kambi mai sihiri, mai 'ya'ya. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari tare da matsakaicin nauyin 4-5 g, mai siffa lu'u-lu'u, yayi girma daga Agusta 20.
- Dogwood daga Azerbaijan CrimeSS OSS VNIIR sun karɓi daga garin Khanlar da ke yammacin ƙasar tare da yanayin bushewar yanayi. Tsawon itacen itace 2.5 m, kambi shine shimfida matsakaici. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari tare da matsakaicin nauyin 4 g, mai siffa lu'u-lu'u, ja mai duhu, ya yi fari daga 25 ga Agusta. Wannan nau'in ya kasance mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa kuma mai amfani.
Yawan amfanin gona na shuka shuka na shekaru 5-6 na iya zama kilogiram 4,5.
Dogwood na gama gari, ko NamijiAbubuwan da aka yi amfani da su:
- V.V. Koblyakov, M.I. Kravchuk, Jami'ar Agrarian ta Jihar Kuban, Krasnodar
