Plumeria (wani suna "frangipani") wakilin dangin kutra ne, mai lambobi 65, akasari ana rarraba su a Kudancin Amurka.
Wadannan bishiyoyi ko kananan bishiyoyi suna bambanta launuka daban-daban na furanni - fari, ruwan hoda, rawaya da sauran su, da kuma ƙanshin da ba a cika yarda dashi ba lokacin furanni.
Babban bayani
Sabili da haka, duk da ƙarancin sayarwa da girman girman kowane iri da nau'in mutum (har zuwa mita 2 a tsayi), an fi yaba plumeria sosai a cikin shuka da aka yi a gida da kuma adana kayan lambu.
Bugu da kari, plumeria muhimmin mai ana amfani dashi sosai ba kawai wajen yin turare ba, har ma a wasu masana'antu. Hakanan ana rarraba shi ta hanyar asalin asalin mai, kuma ana bambanta mai mai ƙanshi ta hanyar ƙanshi mai ban mamaki.
Frangipani man mai tsada ne kuma ana amfani dashi wajen ƙanshin turare, sabulu, haka kuma a al'amuran dafuwa, daɗa salads, ingancin ƙanshi da ƙamshi don a inganta.
Har ila yau, ƙwayar cuta ta Plumeria tana da kyan gani na warkarwa da tasirin magani, yana haifar da jin da euphoria. Yin amfani da sabulu na Plumeria yana ba da sakamako mai hana kumburi.
Iri da nau'in plumeria
Farin jini An samo shi a cikin yanayin halitta akan Antilles. Tsawon bishiyoyi na iya zama har zuwa mita 10, an rufe su da ganye mai layi tare da farin farin villi a ƙasa. A gefuna, an ɗora ganye a ɗan kadan, ya kai tsawon 30 cm da faɗin 7. Furen yana da ƙamshi mai ban mamaki, ba sa bambanta cikin manyan girma (ƙasa da cm 2 a diamita), ana fentin fari da ido mai launin shuɗi.
Plumeria ja daga Venezuela da Meziko yana da ƙananan ƙananan - har zuwa mita 5 masu tsayi, tare da faɗuwar ganye mai ƙirar kwai zuwa 15 cm fadi da tsayi 50 cm. A ƙasan ganyen akwai mayun gashi, ko kuma suna iya zama babu su, kuma saman ganyen suma sun bambanta - ko dai maras ban sha'awa ne ko kuma nuna alama mai kyau. An tattara furanni masu ban mamaki a cikin tseren girma na har zuwa 5 cm a diamita .. Yawancin nau'ikan wannan plumeria suna cike da bambancin launi - fari, ja, shunayya da sauransu, furanni, ƙari, an haɗa su daidai tare da sauran nau'ikan siffofi.
Plumeria Hawaiian yayi girma a cikin Caribbean, yana kaiwa tsayin mita 4-5. Ganyenta fari farare ne, a hanyar jirgin ruwa, koren duhu (launin toka a bango). Ana nuna furanni ta hanyar farin launi na fure da wuraren rawaya, ƙanshinsu yana kama da citrus.
Karin haske yayi girma a Afirka. Ba kamar launin ja ba, ganyayen wannan nau'in ba su fadi ba, kuma furanni, kamar yadda suke a Hawaiian, suna ɗanɗano ƙanshin Citrus mai daɗi. Tun da yake wannan itaciya tana da ƙarami idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta (kusan mita 4), ana yin Bonsai sau da yawa daga gare ta.
Rhododendron Plumeria, tana wakiltar daji ne na kore, yana girma a cikin wuraren buɗa kan tuddai, suna samar da dunƙule na hakika. A vivo yana girma a China. A tsayi, ya kai daga 30 cm zuwa 1.20 m. Yana girma a hankali, yana girma zuwa mita 3 a cikin shekara. Harbe suna yadawa, haushi yayi tsauri, duhu. Ana tattara inflorescences kuma yana wakiltar kusan fure 4. Corolla yana wakiltar mazurari. Hoton da inflorescences ne purple, Lavender, fari. Furen yana da yawa kuma yana dawwama na kimanin makonni uku a ƙarƙashin 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin akwatunan, iri yana launin ruwan kasa a launi kuma yana bayyana a cikin kaka.
Plumeria kulawar gida
Dangane da kulawa, gidan plumeria yana da matukar wuya. Tana buƙatar hasken rana a adadi mai yawa, kuma ba ta tsoron tsoron haskoki kai tsaye na rana, wanda zai ba da gudummawa ga dumbin furanni a cikin daki.
Mafi kyawun wurin shine taga kudu, saboda a kanta ne shuka zata sami haske sosai kamar yadda take buƙata don fure (aƙalla awanni 6 a lokacin da ya kamata a fallasa hasken rana kai tsaye). Wannan baya nufin cewa fure a kan windows da yamma windows ba zaiyi aiki ba, amma hasken da ya hau kansu yakamata ya zama al'ada, kuma arewa a wannan yanayin babu dacewa.
Idan kun dauki shuka zuwa lambun a lokacin rani, wannan zai sami sakamako mai amfani ga ci gabanta, duk da haka, adadin lokacin da aka kashe a hasken rana kai tsaye ya kamata a karu a hankali, bugu da providingari yana ba da murfin daga iska da hazo. Haske kai tsaye bai kamata ya shafi plumeria ba a farkon lokacin bayan mallakar, don kada ya haifar da ƙonewa a cikin ganye.
Adenium shima memba ne na dangin Kutrovy kuma an girma domin kula da gida. Furen yana da matukar kyau kuma mai guba ne, amma kyawawan furanninta ba za'a iya kwatanta su da komai. Dukkanin shawarwarin da suka wajaba don namowa da kula da adenium za'a iya samu a wannan labarin.
Watering plumeria
An bada shawara don shayar da ruwa nan da nan, da zaran saman ya bushe, ta amfani da ruwa mai laushi.
Yana da mahimmanci cewa danshi bai yi tururi a cikin tukunya ba, yayin da yake cikin ranakun sanyi da tsawanin girgije dole ne a shayar da su tare da kulawa ta musamman.
Plumeria kasar gona
Don shirye-shiryenku na substrate kuna buƙatar amfani da cakuda turf, peat, ƙasa mai ƙanshi, yashi da vermiculite.
Plumeria yawanci yana buƙatar ƙasa mai ɗan acidic, amma ya dogara da nau'in. Yataccen yumbu, yashi, vermiculite an haɗe shi da ƙasa ta ƙasa da aka saya a kantin furanni.
Plumeria dasawa a gida
Dangane da karfin aiki, ya kamata a lura cewa yana buƙatar zaɓa akan filastik (ba yumɓu ba, wanda tushen zai yi girma zuwa ganuwar) kuma tare da wani gefe akan tsarin tushen girma (bayan shekaru 2 kawai, inji zai iya shimfiɗa 150 cm zuwa sama) da magudanar ruwa.
Plantwanƙwasa ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a farkon lokacin bazara. Kowace shekara - kananan bishiyoyi, tare da tazara daga shekaru 2 - mazan. Don yin wannan, maye gurbin tukunya tare da mafi girma (2-3 cm more), kuma, in babu irin wannan, ana yanke tushen da misalin 5 cm, suna cike gurbin da aka barsu da sabon ƙasa.
Cakuda ƙasa, wanda ya ƙunshi turf, peat, humus da yashi (2: 1: 1: 1), ya fi dacewa da wannan aikin. Ya kamata a watsar da yumɓu ko bulo da aka murƙushe tare da ƙasan a 20% na jimlar tukunyar. Yataccen yumɓu, idan ana so, ana iya maye gurbinsu da ƙwanƙwan kwai.
Taki don plumeria
Lokacin da sabon ganye fara Bloom a bazara, yana da daraja ciyar da shuka hadadden taki. Bayan haka, wasu ma'aurata a kowane kwanaki 30, ana amfani da takin zamani don tsire-tsire na fure.
Ganyen magarya, wanda yake a cikin gonar lokacin bazara, ana hadi shi kowane ɗayan ta hanyar foliar, diluting saman miya rabin daidaitaccen kashi da fesawa furen ganye a garesu. Wannan ya kamata a yi da maraice, kowane kwana 7-10.
Karin kayan kwalliya
A mafita daga mummunan yanayin, inji yana buƙatar pruning. An samar da shi la'akari da gaskiyar cewa an kafa furanni a kan tukwici na mai tushe na wannan shekara.
Don pruning, yana da kyau ka zaɓi wuka mai ƙoshin gaske ko amfani da rumfar karfi (kayan aikin ya kamata a sarrafa su cikin barasa). Bayan yankan, ragowar rassan za'a iya ajiye su domin yan itace.
Plumeria fure
Fitar ruwa yana sanadin yalwa da tsawon lokaci. Da safe, furanni suna ba da ƙarfi sosai fiye da sauran rana. Dangane da nau'ikan da aka zaɓa da iri-iri, ƙanshin wari yana canzawa - ƙanshin zai iya zama jasmine, citrus, kayan ƙanshin Rum, almond da sauransu.
Yana da damar jawo hankalin ɗimbin kwari iri-iri, wanda, duk da haka, yana tsammanin babban jin cizon yatsa, saboda plumeria ba ya ɓoye ɓoyayyen nectar. Kammalallen lokacin furanni yana kasancewa tare da bayyanar kore ko launin ja-launin ruwan kasa a cikin siffar silinda.
Ba za ku iya ci su ba, amma sun dace sosai don tattara fursunoni a cikin tsaba. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa mafi yawan furanni masu ƙanshi da mafi girma suna bayyana a farkon farkon furanni, wanda ya kasance daga Oktoba zuwa Nuwamba a yanayin greenhouse kuma daga Janairu zuwa Fabrairu a gida.
Ta yaya plumeria hunturu
Yawancin nau'in plumeria suna saukar da ganye, suna jujjuya zuwa yanayin hunturu, tare da raguwa cikin sa'o'in hasken rana. A lokacin kaka-hunturu, ana bada shawara ga runtse zafin jiki zuwa 12-14 ℃, kuma a daina shayar da kusan gaba ɗaya (daskararren abin da yake juyawa sama da sau ɗaya a kowane kwanaki na 45-60).
Idan babu wata hanyar da za ta rage zafin jiki, to kuwa kuna buƙatar tabbatar da matakin da ya dace na hasken wuta - a zazzabi kusan 26-27 winter a cikin hunturu, shuka zai ci gaba da ƙaruwa, amma rashin haske zai haifar da ganyayyaki su zama ƙasa, zai zama ƙarami da ƙara ƙarfi. Kuna iya guje wa waɗannan tasirin da ba a buƙata ta hanyar shirya wurin itacen tare da fitilun fitilu, ta hakan samar da hasken wutar lantarki na sa'a 8.
A lokaci guda, a cikin yanayin zafin jiki tare da alamun 18-22 um plumeria baya buƙatar ƙarin haske, kuma ya rage kawai rage ban ruwa.
Af, ta cikin ganyayyaki, zaku iya tantance sau nawa kuke buƙatar ruwa - idan basu wanzu ba, an hana ruwa har sai lokacin bazara, idan fewan ya rage - ana shayar da su da ruwa kaɗan a cikin kwanaki 30. Hakanan ya kamata a rage ciyar da abinci a cikin kaka, kuma ya tsaya gaba daya a cikin hunturu.
Plumeria daga tsaba a gida
Abu ne mai sauki don yada yaduwar tsintsaye iri iri, tunda hayayyakinsu ya kai kashi 90% tare da ingancin da ya dace. Hanya daya da ta hada pre-bushe kasar gona a cikin tanda ko obin na lantarki. Kafin dasa shuki, an shuka iri na tsawon awanni 2-3 a cikin akwati da ruwa mai ɗaci, sannan ana zuba su a kan abin da keɓaɓɓun tare da zubin zaki.
Dole ne a yi amfani da ƙasa tare da bindiga mai feshin ruwa, sannan a rufe tukunya da gilashi kuma a sanya shi a cikin wurin da ba shi da haske. Germination yana ɗan ɗan lokaci kaɗan. Lokacin da ganyayyaki 2-3 suka bayyana, ana buƙatar dasa shuki a cikin tukwane na peat.
Yaduwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta ta yankan itace
Hanyar yaduwa ta hanyar yankan ya tabbatar da kanta sosai. Yankunan harbe da aka bari bayan pruning (ko a yanka musamman domin yankan) an sami 'yanci daga ganye domin kada ya jawo danshi daga itacen kuma baya hana shi daga tushe.
Tabbatar yin la'akari da yawan guba na ruwan 'ya'yan itace na hanyoyin da aka yanke, dangane da abin da suke buƙatar bushewa na tsawon awanni 2-3 a cikin ɗakin da zazzabi na ɗakin. Ya kamata a yayyafa shi a wurin da aka yanka tare da karfafan haɓaka, sanya shi a cikin abin da ya kunshi peat ko ƙasar cike, kuma ana shayar da shi. Tushen aikin plumeria yana zuwa kwanaki 100.
A nan gaba, za'ayi ruwa ne kawai bayan ƙasa ta bushe. Abu ne mai sauki a duba danshi ta hanyar sanya yatsa a cikin abin da yake ciki - idan ya bushe, zaku iya shayar da shi, bayan cire ruwan da ya rage a kwanon.
Cutar da kwari
Frangipani tare da ruwansa mai guba ba sa fuskantar karin kwari, in banda gizo-gizo mite. An bayyana bayyanar ta wata siririyar dunƙulen ɓoyayyen rufi wanda ke rufe dukkan ɓangarorin sassan tsiron (an lura dashi musamman da tsananin rauni). Don magance masi, maganin kashe kwari ko wata hanyar da ke ƙunshe da sinadarin phosphorus zai taimaka.
Rashin girma da kuma rawaya ganye nuna rashin danshi. A wannan yanayin, ya zama dole don fara fesawa plumeria kuma, a matsayin ƙarin ma'auni, sanya kwano na ruwa kusa da tukunya.
