Radish namo

Radish ƙaunataccen al'adun farko ne wanda ke taimaka mana yaƙi da rashi bitamin a cikin bazara. Kayan kayan lambu na Radish suna dauke da ascorbic acid, B, P, bitamin PP, furotin, amino acid, sugars, salts calcium. baƙin ƙarfe, phosphorus da sauran abubuwa da yawa masu amfani ga jikin ɗan adam.

Radish, ko radish (colloquial) tsirrai ne mai daɗin ci kuma ana girma a matsayin kayan lambu a cikin ƙasashe da yawa na duniya. Sunansa ya fito ne daga latin latin - tushen. Radish a zahiri yana nufin "kayan lambu mai tushe".

Radish - tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara ko biennial daga saƙo Radish (Rafanus) na Brassicaceae dangi. Radish daga ra'ayi game da rarrabuwa - rukuni na nau'ikan jinsin Radish shuka (Raphanus sativus).

Radish. Kah Rifkatu

Abincin ganye na radish, wanda ya kai 3 cm lokacin farin ciki kuma an rufe shi da fata mai kauri, galibi ana ruwan hoda, ruwan hoda ko fari-ruwan hoda, galibi ana cin abinci. Radish tushen kayan lambu da m pungent iyawa. Irin wannan dandano na radishes ya faru ne saboda abun da ya kasance na mustard a cikin shuka, wanda, a matsin lamba, an canza shi zuwa mustard oil glycoside.

Radish namo

Radish dasa

Radish yana da ɗan gajeren girma girma: yana farfadowa (ya dogara da iri-iri, abubuwan gina jiki da danshi na ƙasa, lokacin shuka) tsawon kwanaki 25-35 (nau'in zagaye) da kwanaki 30-40 (nau'in tsayi). Shuka radishes ana yin abubuwa da yawa: a cikin bazara sau uku zuwa sau hudu (har zuwa rabin Yuni) da kuma a cikin rabin lokacin bazara na biyu; a cikin yankuna na Arewa da tsakiyar - daga ƙarshen Yuli zuwa rabin watan Agusta kuma a kudu - daga rabin Agusta zuwa ƙarshen Satumba.

Lokacin noman rani a cikin yanayin zafi ya kasa saboda radish baya jure zafin (tushen amfanin gona ya zama woody da daci). Ana dasa tsaba a kan ƙananan gadaje ko ma mafi kyau a kan ɗakin kwana kuma har ma a wuraren da aka shirya dan kadan ƙasa da matakin ƙasa (don kyakkyawan riƙe hazo na yanayi).

Radish yana da girma a cikin yankin da aka tsara don tumatir. Idan kun shuka shi kowane mako har zuwa 20 ga Mayu, a kan ƙasa mara amfani za ku iya girbi ingantaccen amfanin gona, kuma a Bugu da kari, shirya ƙasa don dasa shuki na gaba.

Radar a cikin lambu. Elly Kelly Emberg

Ana iya siyan tsaba, amma zaka iya amfani da kayanka. Don yin wannan, dasa radish na nau'ikan da kuke so (watau, iri - hybrids ba zai ba da kaddarorin mahaifiyar cikin tsara na gaba ba). Bayan samuwar tushen amfanin gona (zaku iya canja wurin shi zuwa wuri mai haske), yanke duk ganye, barin 3-4 cm. Bayan ɗan lokaci, radish zai ba da shinge wanda za'a ɗaure tsaba. Bayan yellowing da kwasfan, dole ne a tattara, kuma hagu zuwa ripen. Lokacin da suka bushe kuma suka tafasa, hadawa da hannuwanku kuma ku raba iri. Yanzu za su zama da yawa sosai.

Da hankali: Ba za ku iya ɗaukar tsaba daga tsire-tsire waɗanda ba su samar da amfanin gona ba kuma nan da nan suka fara fure.

Pods tare da tsaba na radish. © dayannanata

An shuka tsaba na radish a cikin layuka a nesa na 8-10 cm kuma a jere guda shuka daga wata bayan an bar thinning a nesa na 3-4 cm don nau'ikan zagaye da kuma 4-7 cm na tsawon nau'ikan. An shuka 2-3 g na tsaba a 1 m², an rufe su da ƙasa tare da Layer na 1-2 cm. Yana da haɗari don shuka zurfi - tushen amfanin gona bazai fara ba. Yawan guda 1000 na tsaba shine 7-10 g. Shuka da ƙwayoyin radish yana kimanin shekaru 5-6.

Radishes za'a iya shuka shi a tsakiyar Afrilu - da zaran ya zama mai yiwuwa yin aiki a gonar.

Don radish tsaba da kyau sprouted, dole ne su zama a sown a pre-zubar da ƙasa. Lokacin da ganye na farko ya bayyana a kan 'ya'yan itacen da aka shuka, ana iya yin sirara, suna barin nesa tsakanin tsire-tsire na cm 2-3 Amma kwarewa tana nuna cewa mafi kyawun shuka iri guda a lokaci guda, tunda bakin ciki yana lalata tushen babban tsiro kaɗan, yana girma mafi muni kuma yana iya haifar da kibiyoyi.

Radish sprouts tare da daban-daban tazara na shuka tsaba. N Magnus Franklin

Radish kulawa

Manyan hanyoyin radish na kulawa sun kunshi masu zuwa: shiryayye na ciyawa, sikirin (cirewar tsirrai), loosening (maimaitawa bayan kwanaki 5-6), tare da rashin isasshen ruwa, yawan shayarwa (shayarwa 1 a kowace m 1), kare tsirrai daga gonar fleas.

Radish tsire-tsire ne mai ɗanɗanowa da tsire-tsire iri-iri. Yana da sanyi sosai-mai-jurewa, zuriyayen sa sun fara tsiro da zazzabi na + 2 ... +3 ° C, kuma huhun ya yi haƙuri da sanyi zuwa -2 ... -3 ° C. Manyan tsirrai na iya tsayayya da ɗan gajeren lokaci zuwa 4 ... 6 digiri na sanyi. Amma yanayin zafin jiki na radishes shine + 16 ... +18 ° C.

A cikin yanayin bushe, ya fi kyau shayar da radish sau biyu a rana - da safe da maraice, to, zai yi girma mai ɗaci da laima. Lokacin da akwai karancin danshi, tushen amfanin gona ko dai baya samun tsari kwata-kwata, ko kuma ya zama mara nauyi kuma m, kuma shuka da sauri yana harba kibiyoyi. Radish yana buƙatar musamman akan danshi bayan bayyanar ganye na gaskiya na farko, lokacin da amfanin gona ya fara farawa. A cikin fari, ya isa ya riƙe radish ba tare da danshi na tsawon awanni uku ba, kuma zai fara haɓaka ba daidai ba. Kuma idan radish yana da wuya da daci, sani: an shayar sosai. Kuma idan ya fashe, sai suka shayar da yawa.

A manufa, radish ba picky game da kasar gona, amma girma musamman a kan sako-sako da, arziki a cikin kwayoyin halitta ƙasar tare da tsaka tsaki da kuma dan kadan acidic dauki. Rashin sanyi da ƙarancin haske sandy loamy kasa ba su dace da haɓaka wannan tushen amfanin gona ba sai an ƙara humus a kansu a cikin adadin kilo 20-30 a 10 m².

Karka taɓa shigo da taki a cikin ƙasa, in ba haka ba radish ɗin zai zama m ciki. Yana buƙatar ciyar dashi kawai tare da kwayoyin halitta. Tare da rashin isasshen ƙwayar nitrogen, shuka ba ta da kyau sosai ya bar ganye da kuma tushen albarkatu, ganyayyakinsa ya zama rawaya. Cikakken takin mai magani tare da babban abun ciki na nitrogen zai taimaka wajen magance wannan matsalar. Idan babu isasshen potassium, ganyen radish yayi kama da al'ada, amma amfanin gona bai kafa ba. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar ƙara takin potash.

Dubi kuma kayanmu: Me yasa radish ya kasa?

Radish. CD TCDavis

Girbi radishes

Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin bazara, ana girbe radishes nan da nan, da zaran tushen amfanin gona ya kai darajar al'ada (a cikin kwanaki 5-6). Lokacin girma a cikin kaka, a cikin yanayin sanyi a watan Satumba da Oktoba, ba za ku iya rush tare da girbi na radishes ba, an kiyaye shi sosai a cikin ƙasa, ba tare da rasa dandano ba.

Yin hulɗa tare da wasu tsirrai

Nasturtium da chervil sune maƙwabta masu kyau don radishes, kuma yana girma sosai tsakanin layuka na wake. Koyaya, radishes yana buƙatar dasa shi makonni biyu a baya fiye da wake don kada su sami lokacin girbi albarkatun gona na radish.

Kuna iya samun cikakkun bayanai a cikin labarin: Hanyoyi juyawa na amfanin gona guda biyar don ɗakin rani

Iri daban-daban na radishes

Ya danganta da lokacin da ake fitar da bishiyoyi, radishes suna dafarko da wuri (22-25 days), tsakiyar-ripening da marigayi ripening (daga 25 zuwa 40-45 kwanaki). Fans na wannan kayan lambu na iya shuka shi duka bazara, shuka iri daban-daban, tun da Longitude na rana daga bazara zuwa kaka ya bambanta.

Early ripening (farkon ripening) irin radish:

• Kayan belle - A iri-iri tare da kyawawan tushen kayan lambu, m, palatable ɓangaren litattafan almara. Ya dace da amfanin waje. Ana iya girma a duk lokacin rani - tsawon ranar ba ta da mahimmanci. 'Cherry Belle' an shuka shi daga Afrilu zuwa Satumba.
• Lanket - a radish iri-iri tare da m, dan kadan na ruwa ɓangaren litattafan almara, kusan ba Forms mai harbi, da 'ya'yan itatuwa ba su zama sako-sako da. Su za a iya girma a ko'ina cikin gonar kakar.
• Camelot - veryarewar farkon mai yawa: lokacin girma shine ranakun 22-23. Tushen amfanin gona zagaye ne mai lebur, ja, leveled, tare da faɗin diamita na 2-4 cm, mai nauyin 25-30 g. An yi niyya don narkar da ƙasa a cikin fili da kuma a cikin gidajen ƙasa. A ɓangaren litattafan almara fari ne, mai yawa, mai, mai kyau iyawa. Ba ya sauka na dogon lokaci, yana girma sosai cikin ƙarancin haske da ƙananan yanayin zafi. Yawan aiki - 1.5-1.6 kg a kowace murabba'in murabba'i.
• Okhotsk. An farkon cikakke iri-iri na radish don distillation a cikin greenhouse da kuma bazara shuka. Shirya don amfani bayan kwanaki 28-32 bayan dasa. Tushen amfanin gona na launin ja mai launi, mai zagaye, tare da diamita na kusan cm 3. pangaren litattafan almara suna da laushi, mai laushi, ruwan hoda. Yin tsayayya da fitarwa da fatattaka. Yawan aiki - har zuwa kilogiram 3 a kowace muraba'in.
• №6. Wannan samfurin zaɓi na kayan ado na radish, wanda aka bita a VNIIO, ba shi da suna tukuna. An san shi ta hanyar yawan aiki na ban mamaki - har zuwa kilogiram 5 na tushen amfanin gona a kowace murabba'in murabba'in. Girma a cikin ƙasa bude da kuma greenhouses. Lokacin ciyayi daga cikakken tsiro zuwa riarfin fasaha shine kwanaki 24-27. Taro na ruita --an - 14-18 g. Theunfirin na farin, m, mai daɗi. Resistant zuwa fure, ba ya zama flabby.
• Kayan Chupa. Waɗannan 'ya'yan itãcen marmari masu haske kamar na alewa masu haske. Naman jikinsu mai daɗi da ɗanɗano mai ƙoshin gaske lalle zai jawo hankalin yara. Sown a cikin ƙasa bude a watan Afrilu-Mayu tare da tazara tsakanin kwanaki 10. Wani fasalin wannan nau'in shine babban amfanin gona mai girma tare da diamita fiye da cm 3. Amfani - har zuwa kilogram 3 a kowace muraba'in mita.

Yankin-tsakiyar radish iri:

• Mokhovsky - A sosai m high-samar da gwaggwabar riba radish iri-iri. Tana da dandano mai girma, tana hanzari ta hanzarta ba da wuya ta kamu da rashin lafiya. Kuna iya shuka daga farkon watan Mayu.
• Zafi - A yaduwar gida iri-iri tare da m, m, dan kadan ka ɗanɗano dandano na ɓangaren litattafan almara. Idan babu danshi sosai, tayin zai zama sako-sako. Duk da sunan, ana iya shuka shi a farkon bazara da kaka.
• Manyan giwa - tsakiyar-lokacin radish (ripens ta tsakiyar bazara) tare da manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa oblong. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne sosai kaifi. Ba zai yiwu a shuka shi a cikin kaka ba.
• Ikon bambanta da Red Giant kawai da fari.
• Zlata - Rarraffuka iri-iri tare da kayan lambu masu launin rawaya. Cold-resistant, harbe yi haƙuri sanyi. Itace itace takaice, saboda haka yana da kyau a dasa shi a farkon bazara, a rabin rabin lokacin bazara da kuma lokacin hunturu.

Late ripening radish iri:

• Rampoush - A da dama radish, wanda kusan ba ya samar da peduncles. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari fari, fararen fata. A ɓangaren litattafan almara fari ne, tare da m matsakaici-kaifi iyawa. Ya dace kawai don amfanin waje.

A cikin yankin Moscow an kafa shi sosai iri iri: "Karin kumallo na Faransa" (Lanket), "Heat", "Red Giant", "Cherry Belle", "Mokhovskaya", "Zlata".

Cututtuka da kwari na radish

Radishes da radishes suna fama da cututtukan da aka samo akan tsire-tsire na cruciferous.

Downy mildew Yana shafar radishes akasari a cikin matsuguni mara kyau tare da rashin iska mara kyau da zafi mai wuce kima.

Radish. Meaduva

Bakar fata yana bayyana sau da yawa a cikin shekarun ƙarancin lokaci, yana haifar da kwalaye da tsaba, wanda shine dalilin da yasa aka rage ƙwayar iri sosai. Abubuwan da ke kamuwa da cuta dole ne a dumama su a 50 ° C na mintina 30 ko a tsoma su a cikin maganin NIUIF-1 (ana magance dillancin 1.3% da ruwa 1: 300) na mintina 10-15, tare da wanka da ruwa mai tsabta.

A kan kasa na acidic, yajin radish keel. Wannan cuta ce ta hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri wanda ya girma a cikin asalin sa. Irin waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa sun fi kyau hallaka, kuma a wannan wuri a nan gaba don dasa radishes ba shi da daraja.

Radishes lalata daban-daban lambun fleas, waxanda suke da ha ari musamman a lokacin da ake fito da shuka. Earthen fleas sun bayyana a adadi mai yawa a yanayin zafi, bushe. Shayarwa na yau da kullun, kazalika da yin amfani da abubuwan hana ruwa (ƙura da toshiya) suna kiyaye albarkatu na radish daga ƙwal. Ana iya amfani da datti hexachloran akan amfanin gona iri.

Kabeji tashi lalata cropsan amfanin gona na radish da radish. A albarkatun abinci, matakan sarrafawa suna yin rigakafin: cirewar tarkacewar gona daga filin, ingantaccen 'ya'yan itace. A kan amfanin gona iri, ana shayar da tsire-tsire tare da 0.5% sodium silicofluoride bayani tare da ƙari na 80 g na hexachloran da 10 l. Ganyen ganye tare da ƙura taba ko ash shima yana taimakawa daga kwari da kabeji.