Girma da kulawa da freesia a gida

Ana daukar freesia mai taushi a matsayin wata itaciyar mai wahalar shukawa. Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai dadi don fure (zazzabi, abun da ke cikin ƙasa, danshi), kuma za ta amsa da kulawa, har ma da namo gida. Wace kulawa freesia take so?

Bayani da halayyar freesia

Freesia (kuma ana kiranta fiyaiya da freesia, daga Latin freesia) wakilin babban iyali ne na iris (iris). Nativeasar haihuwarsa ita ce yankin Cape Floristic na Kudu maso Yammacin Afirka.

Perennial herbaceous corm wata shuka. Takaitaccen ganye da kuma shimfidu masu tsawo daga tushe daya. Ganyen furanni masu launin furanni, masu kama da ainun, ko dai monotonously zato masu launin - ruwan hoda, shunayya, fari, lemo, lilac, ja, shuɗi.

Ana haɗa furanni masu matsakaici-tsalle ta 5-10 guda biyu a cikin ɗayan gefe mai girma tsefe tsefe inflorescences. Suna da ƙanshin da ba za a iya mantawa da su ba.

A karni na 19, tsirarren ya yi fice a Turai; an girma shi a cikin gidajen sarauta. An gabatar da bouquets masu falala ga masu rubutun ra'ayin arctic. 'Lily na kwari' dandano mai amfani lokacin yin turare.

Godiya ga nasarorin da aka samu, ta “bar” katako da ke yanzu kuma tana jin daɗin buɗe sararin sama a wuraren shakatawa, lambuna da ɗakunan rani. Connoisseurs girma wannan fure mai fure a cikin al'adun daki.

Yawancin Ra'ayoyi

Bayanai na Internationalasashen Duniya sun lissafa nau'ikan 16 da nau'ikan freesia 200. Sau da yawa fiye da wasu girma irin wannan.
Freesia armstrongii - Armstrong. Yana fure a cikin Mayu da Yuni. Kyaututtuka masu kyau. Pink da furanni ja.

Freesia dinta - Broke. Mafi daidaituwa na freesias (har zuwa 0.4 m high) da farkon fure. Inflorescences duba farar fata saboda a hankali zaune fari ko furanni-orange furanni.

Freesia hybrida - matasan, wanda aka samu daga tsallaka f. danshi da f. Armstrongii. Fi girma da haske fiye da nau'in iyaye, wata itaciya mai matukar girma ya girma har zuwa mm 1. Furanni suna da girma, inflorescences suna da yawa.

An ba da furanni iri iri tare da furanni biyu da na rabin-biyu. Launin inflorescences ya bambanta - fari, launin rawaya da sauran su. Sau da yawa girma a matsayin potted shuka.

Abin da kuke buƙatar kula da shi

Kafin ka sami freesia, yana da amfani ka koya game da kayan aikin sa:

• fure yana girma a gida a cikin tukunya, a cikin ƙasa, ko a cikin greenhouse;
• Freesia da aka haƙa a cikin kaka ana iya girma a cikin hunturu kamar fure na ciki;
• gidan shuka iya yin fure a kowane lokaci na shekara, don wannan, kafin dasa shuki na gaba, tana buƙatar tanadin hutu na watanni 3; kwan fitila da aka dasa a watan Oktoba zai ba da ciyawa mai fure mai kyau a watan Janairu;
• inji Yana son mai zafi amma baya zafi;
• kuna buƙatar wuri mai haske, amma wurin da aka kiyaye rana;
• ganye mai ƙeƙasasshen ganye da farfajiya goyon baya da ake buƙata;
• freesia yana buƙatar sutura mai sutura, moistening kasar gona da iska, amma tare da wuce haddi, taro mai kore ya girma, kuma fure baya faruwa.

Tare da kulawa mara kyau, freesia ya ƙi zuwa fure, saboda haka kuna buƙatar kulawa da ka'idodin fasahar fasahar noma.

Saukowa

Dankali ya girma a gida

A cikin al'adun daki za a iya dasa a kowane lokaci na shekara.

Don dasawa a cikin tukunya kuna buƙatar ɗaukar babban ƙarfin (aƙalla 20-22 cm), tare da diamita na 14-18 cm. An dasa kwararan fitila da yawa, daga 5 zuwa 8, a cikin kwano ɗaya, dangane da girman tukunyar.

An dasa shuka a kan rijiyar-lit, kudu ko gabashin taga sill, ba da damar ɗan ɗan ɓoye furanni akan zafi rana kwanaki. Girma na buƙatar hasken rana na 12-14.

Idan ya cancanta, shirya ƙarin haske. A lokacin furanni, ana iya rage tsawon awowi da 'yan sa'o'i biyu.

Kula da yawan zafin jiki:

• a lokacin germination 13-16 digiri;
• yayin girma ganye na 18-20 digiri;
• a lokacin budding da fure 20-25 digiri.

Saukowa

A cikin ƙasa buɗe dasa a watan Afrilu. Soilasa a lokacin dasa yakamata ta yi zafi har zuwa digiri 12-15. Don saukowa, suna zaɓar wani wuri da aka ajje daga iska da hasken rana kai tsaye. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine a cikin inuwa mai sauƙi na ƙananan bishiyoyi marasa ƙarancin wuta.

Yana da mahimmanci a zabi takamaiman lokacin sauka. A cikin ƙasa mai sanyaya, ci gaban fure zai tsaya, tsirrai zai fitar da ɗanɗano, kuma ba zai yi fure ba.

A wannan yanayin, sprouts na iya bayyana ma da wuri kuma su faɗi ƙarƙashin sanyi na dawowa. Prograstination fraught tare da marigayi harbe, sannan lokacin haɓaka zai kasance a cikin kwanakin zafi sosai, wanda kuma ba shi da amfani ga freesia.

Don saukowa sara, an shirya maɓuɓɓuka tare da zurfi da nisa da shebur ba ko kaɗan. Don keɓewar ƙasa ɗaya, ana yin ramuka na girman ɗaya. Shirye-shiryen dawowa suna cike da cakuda ƙasa.

Janar dokoki

Don dafa abinci na freesia sako-sako da m ƙasa:

• ruɓaɓɓen takin.
• humus;
• itace ash;
• kashi abinci;
• potassium sulfate da superphosphate (bisa ga umarnin masana'anta).

Freesia ta fi son tsaka tsaki ph. Don rage yawan acidity, yakamata a ƙara gari mai dolomite ko lemun tsami.

Tabbatar shirya shimfidar magudanar ruwa ta amfani da:

• m kogin yashi
• karamin guntu na tsakuwa
• maganin zahiri

Kwakwalwa kwanan nan ya sayo kuma adana shi a cikin firiji buƙatar yin ɗumi a zazzabi na kimanin digiri 20an sanya shi a wani akwati na ruwa. Kafin dasawa, an adana su a cikin wuri mai sanyi tare da zazzabi na 8-12.

Don rigakafin cututtukan fungal kafin dasa shuki na mintuna 40-60 sa a cikin maganin kashe guba, Fitosporin ko potassium permanganate. Yayi kyau dan kara masu kara girma. An dasa fuka-fukan zuwa zurfin 5-10 cm.The ƙasa mafi nauyi, ya kamata a binne kwararan fitila.

Ana shayar da tsire-tsire kuma suna tabbatar da goyon baya ga tsire-tsire masu zuwa. Zai iya zama filastik na musamman ko tsarin ringi na waya, ko grid na igiya na bakin ciki. Yayinda ƙananan freesias suke girma, ganye suna jagora a hankali cikin tallafin.

Dokokin Kulawar Shuka

Kula da freesia kamar haka:

• sau biyu a wata ana ciyar da su da takin mai ma'adinai a cikin ruwa (20 g da potassium g da 40 g na superphosphate da guga na ruwa);
• bazara kowane maraice fesa da lokaci-lokaci moisten ƙasaba tare da bushewa ba;
• cire ciyayi da kuma kwance ƙasa.
• yanke brushes iri iri, da rage peduncle ta na uku.

Yadda ake yin kiwo

Yaduwa kwararan fitila da tsaba. Oftenarin amfani da hanyar farko.

A kan kwararan fitila na manya an kafa karamin albasa - yara. An dasa su, har ma da manyan kuma suna girma.

Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire ba sa yin fure. Lokacin da balagagge freesias yayi fure, Fade, kuma aka haƙa su don ajiya, yi daidai don yara girma. Sai kawai shekara mai zuwa, waɗannan kwararan fitila za su ba da cikakken freesia.

Tsarin iri - tsari yana daukar lokaci-lokaci, tsawon lokaci, ba koyaushe yake nasara ba. A cikin kaka, an shimfiɗa tsaba a farfajiyar ƙasa mai laushi, an yayyafa shi, an shafa shi da gilashi ko fim.

Sama bayan wata daya da karfafa seedlings na bakin ciki fita, an cire tsari. Bayan 'yan watanni daga baya, a watan Mayu, ana shuka tsire-tsire kamar tsire-tsire na manya, ciyayi ƙasa, inuwa.

Cutar mai saurin kamuwa da cuta

Idan freesia yayi rashin lafiya, to yawanci shine:

• scab;
• ruɓa;
• thrips, gizo-gizo mites ko aphids.

Don rigakafin dalilai na farko guda biyu, ana yin rigakafin rigakafin kwararan fitila ne kafin dasa shuki.

Ana amfani da magungunan kashe kwari a cikin kwaro.

A cikin kulawa da freesia, don samun tsire-tsire na fure mai ban sha'awa, kuna buƙatar bin dokoki masu sauƙi. Amma wa] annan masu haƙuri da masu ba da shawara, waɗanda suka koya don yin ma'amala da wannan ma'abuta fahariya, sun cancanci yin alfahari da ƙwarewar da suke samu da kuma fahimtar abokan aikinsu da kuma ƙaunar masoya kyakkyawa.